2017高考英语阅读理解

A组20162014年各省市高考题（改编）Passage 5(2015新课标全国)Your house may have an effect on your figure.Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off.You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights.Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating，for people are often less selfconscious(难为情)when theyre in poorly lit placesand so more likely to eat lots of food.If your home doesnt have enough window light，get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colors.Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites.In one study，people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when its time to repaint，go blue.Dont forget the clockor the radio.People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals.Begin keeping track of the time，and try to make dinner last at least 30 minutes.And while youre at it，actually sit down to eat.If you need some help slowing down，turn on relaxing music.It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes.Big serving bowls and plates can easily make us fat.We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12inch plate instead of a 10inch plate.When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one，total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent.And well pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short，wide glass than a tall，skinny glass.1The text is especially helpful for those who care about_.Atheir home comforts Btheir body shapeChouse buying Dhealthy diets2A home environment in blue can help people_.Adigest food better Breduce food intakeCburn more calories Dregain their appetites3What are people advised to do at mealtimes?AEat quickly.BPlay fast music.CUse smaller spoons.DTurn down the lights.4.What can be a suitable title for the text?AIs Your House Making You Fat? BWays of Serving DinnerCEffects of SelfConsciousness DIs Your Home Environment Relaxing?Passage 6(2015安徽)When her five daughters were young, Helene An always told them that there was strength in unity (团结). To show this, she held up one chopstick, representing one person. Then she easily broke it into two pieces. Next, she tied several chopsticks together, representing a family. She showed the girls it was hard to break the tied chopsticks. This lesson about family unity stayed with the daughters as they grew up.Helene An and her family own a large restaurant business in California. However, when Helene and her husband Danny left their home in Vietnam in 1975, they didnt have much money. They moved their family to San Francisco. There they joined Dannys mother, Diana, who owned a small Italian sandwich shop. Soon afterwards, Helene and Diana changed the sandwich shop into a small Vietnamese restaurant. The five daughters helped in the restaurant when they were young. However, Helene did not want her daughters to always work in the family business because she thought it was too hard.Eventually the girls all graduated from college and went away to work for themselves, but one by one, the daughters returned to work in the family business. They opened new restaurants in San Francisco and Los Angeles. Even though family members sometimes disagreed with each other, they worked together to make the business successful. Daughter Elisabeth explains, “Our mother taught us that to succeed we must have unity, and to have unity we must have peace. Without the strength of the family, there is no business.”Their expanding business became a large corporation in 1996, with three generations of Ans working together. Now the Ans corporation makes more than $20 million each year. Although they began with a small restaurant, they had big dreams, and they worked together. Now they are a big success.1Helene tied several chopsticks together to show_.Athe strength of family unityBthe difficulty of growing upCthe advantage of chopsticksDthe best way of giving a lesson2We can learn from Paragraph 2 that the An family_.Astarted a business in 1975 Bleft Vietnam without much moneyCbought a restaurant in San Francisco Dopened a sandwich shop in Los Angeles3What can we infer about the An daughters?AThey did not finish their college education.BThey could not bear to work in the family business.CThey were influenced by what Helene taught them.DThey were troubled by disagreement among family members.4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?AHow to Run a Corporation BStrength Comes from PeaceCHow to Achieve a Big Dream DFamily Unity Builds SuccessPassage 7(2015安徽)As Internet users become more dependent on the Internet to store information, are people remembering less? If you know your computer will save information, why store it in your own personal memory, your brain? Experts are wondering if the Internet is changing what we remember and how.In a recent study, Professor Betsy Sparrow conducted some experiments. She and her research team wanted to know how the Internet is changing memory. In the first experiment, they gave people 40 unimportant facts to type into a computer. The first group of people understood that the computer would save the information. The second group understood that the computer would not save it. Later, the second group remembered the information better. People in the first group knew they could find the information again, so they did not try to remember it.In another experiment, the researchers gave people facts to remember, and told them where to find the information on the computer. The information was in a specific computer folder (文件夹). Surprisingly, people later remembered the folder location (位置) better than the facts. When people use the Internet, they do not remember the information. Rather, they remember how to find it. This is called “transactive memory (交互记忆)”According to Sparrow, we are not becoming people with poor memories as a result of the Internet. Instead, computer users are developing stronger transactive memories; that is, people are learning how to organize huge quantities of information so that they are able to access it at a later date. This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.1.The passage begins with two questions to_.Aintroduce the main topicBshow the authors altitudeCdescribe how to use the Internet. Dexplain how to store information2What can we learn about the first experiment?AThe Sparrows team typed the information into a computer. BThe two groups remembered the information equally well.CThe first group did not try to remember the information. DThe second group did not understand the information.3In transactive memory, people_.Akeep the information in mindBchange the quantity of information Corganize information like a computerDremember how to find the information4What is the effect of the Internet according to Sparrows research? AWe are using memory differently.BWe are becoming more intelligent.CWe have poorer memories than before.DWe need a better way to access information.Passage 8(2015四川)No one is sure how the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids near Cairo.But a new study suggests they used a little rocknroll.Longago builders could have attached wooden poles to the stones and rolled then across the sand, the scientists say.“Technically, I think what theyre proposing is possible，” physicist Daniel Bonn said.People have long puzzled over how the Egyptians moved such huge rocks.And theres no obvious answer.On average, each of the two million big stones weighed about as much as a large pickup truck.The Egyptians somehow moved the stone blocks to the pyramid site from about one kilometer away.The most popular view is that Egyptian workers slid the blocks along smooth paths.Many scientists suspect workers first would have put the blocks on sleds(滑板)Then they would have dragged them along paths.To make the work easier, workers may have lubricated_the_paths either with wet clay or with the fat from cattle.Bonn has now tested this idea by building small sleds and dragging heavy objects over sand.Evidence from the sand supports this idea.Researchers found small amounts of fat, as well as a large amount of stone and the remains of paths.However, physicist Joseph West thinks there might have been a simpler way, who led the new study .West said, “I was inspired while watching a television program showing how sleds might have helped with pyramid construction.I thought, Why dont they just try rolling the things？ ” A square could be turned into a rough sort of wheel by attaching wooden poles to its sides, he realized.That, he notes, should make a block of stone “a lot easier to roll than a square”So he tried it.He and his students tied some poles to each of four sides of a 30kilogram stone block.That action turned the block into somewhat a wheel.Then they placed the block on the ground.They wrapped one end of a rope around the block and pulled.The researchers found they could easily roll the block along different kinds of paths.They calculated that rolling the block required about as much force as moving it along a slippery(滑的)path.West hasnt tested his idea on larger blocks，but he thinks rolling has clear advantages over sliding.At least，workers wouldnt have needed to carry cattle fat or water to smooth the paths.1Its widely believed that the stone blocks were moved to the pyramid site by _.Arolling them on roads Bpushing them over the sandCsliding them on smooth paths Ddragging them on some poles2The underlined part “lubricated the paths” in Paragraph 4 means_.Amade the paths wet Bmade the paths hardCmade the paths wideDmade the paths slippery3What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 7 refer to?ARolling the blocks with poles attached.BRolling the blocks on wooden wheels.CRolling poles to move the blocks. DRolling the blocks with fat.4Why is rolling better than sliding according to West?ABecause more force is needed for sliding.BBecause rolling work can be done by fewer cattle.CBecause sliding on smooth roads is more dangerous.DBecause less preparation on paths is needed for rolling.5.What is the text mainly about?AAn experiment on ways of moving blocks to the pyramid site.BAn application of the method of moving blocks to the pyramid site.CAn argument about different methods of moving blocks to the pyramid site.DAn introduction to a possible new way of moving blocks to the pyramid site.Passage 9(2015天津)Whether in the home or the workplace, social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.Social robots are about to bring technology to the everyday world in a more humanized way, said Cynthia Breazeal, chief scientist at the robot company Jibo.While household robots today do the normal housework, social robots will be much more like companions than mere tools.For example, these robots will be able to distinguish when someone is happy or sad.This allows them to respond more appropriately to the user.The Jibo robot, arranged to ship later this year, is designed to be a personalized assistant.You can talk to the robot, ask it questions, and make requests for it to perform different tasks.The robot doesnt just deliver general answers to questions; it responds based on what it learns about each individual in the household.It can do things such as reminding an elderly family member to take medicine or taking family photos.Social robots are not just finding their way into the home.They have potential applications in everything from education to health care and are already finding their way into some of these spaces.Fellow Robots is one company bringing social robots to the market.The companys “Oshbot” robot is built to assist customers in a store, which can help the customers find items and help guide them to the products location in the store.It can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items based on what the customer is shopping for.The more interaction the robot has with humans, the more it learns.But Oshbot, like other social robots, is not intended to replace workers, but to work alongside other employees.“We have technologies to train social robots to do things not for us, but with us，” said Breazeal.1How are social robots different from household robots?AThey can control their emotions. BThey are more like humans.CThey do the normal housework. DThey respond to users more slowly.2What can a Jibo robot do according to Paragraph 3?ACommunicate with you and perform operations.BAnswer your questions and make requests.CTake your family pictures and deliver milk.DObey your orders and remind you to take pills.3What can Oshbot work as?AA language teacher. BA tour guide.CA shop assistant. DA private nurse.4We can learn from the last paragraph that social robots will _.Atrain employees Bbe our workmatesCimprove technologies Dtake the place of workers5.What does the passage mainly present?AA new design idea of household robots.BMarketing strategies for social robots.CInformation on household robots. DAn introduction to social robots.Passage 10(2015陕西)The production of coffee beans is a huge，profitable business，but，unfortunately，fullsun production is taking over the industry and bringing about a lot of damage.The change in how coffee is grown from shadegrown production to fullsun production endangers the very existence of certain animals and birds，and even disturbs the worlds ecological balance.On a local level，the damage of the forest required by fullsun fields affects the areas birds and animals.The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种)that depend on the trees flowers and fruits.Fullsun coffee growers destroy this forest home.As a result，many species are quickly dying out.On a more global level，the destruction of the rainforest for fullsun coffee fields also threatens (威胁) human life.Medical research often makes use of the forests plant and animal life，and the destruction of such species could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.In addition，new coffeegrowing techniques are poisoning the water locally，and eventually the worlds groundwater.Both locally and globally，the continued spread of fullsun coffee plantations (种植园) could mean the destruction of the rainforest ecology.The loss of shade trees is already causing a slight change in the worlds climate，and studies show that the loss of oxygengiving trees also leads to air pollution and global warming.Moreover，the new growing techniques are contributing to acidic (酸性的) soil conditions.It is obvious that the way much coffee is grown affects many aspects of life，from the local environment to the global ecology.But consumers do have a choice.They can purchase shadegrown coffee whenever possible，although at a higher cost.The future health of the planet and mankind is surely worth more than an inexpensive cup of coffee.1What can we learn about fullsun coffee production from Paragraph 4?AIt limits the spread of new growing techniques.BIt leads to air pollution and global warming.CIt slows down the loss of shade trees.DIt improves local soil conditions.2.The purpose of the text is to_.Aentertain Badvertise Cinstruct Dpersuade3Where does this text probably come from?AAn agricultural magazine.BA medical journal.CAn engineering textbook. DA tourist guide.4.Which of the following shows the structure of the whole text?Passage 11(2014山东) Elizabeth Freeman was born about 1742 to African American parents who were slaves.At the age of six months she was acquired，along with her sister，by John Ashley，a wealthy Massachusetts slaveholder.She became known as“Mumbet”or“Mum Bett.”For nearly 30 years Mumbet served the Ashley family.One day，Ashleys wife tried to strike Mumbets sister with a spade.Mumbet protected her sister and took the blow instead.Furious，she left the house and refused to come back.When the Ashleys tried to make her return，Mumbet consulted a lawyer，Theodore Sedgewick.With his help，Mumbet sued(起诉) for her freedom.While serving the Ashleys，Mumbet had listened to many discussions of the new Massachusetts constitution.If the constitution said that all people were free and equal，then she thought it should apply to her.Eventually，Mumbet won her freedomthe first slave in Massachusetts to do so under the new constitution.Strangely enough，after the trial，the Ashleys asked Mumbet to come back and work for them as a paid employee.She declined and instead went to work for Sedgewick.Mumbet died in 1829，but her legacy lived on in her many descendants(后裔)One of her greatgrandchildren was WE.B.Du Bois，one of the founders of the NAACP，and an important writer and spokesperson for African American civil rights.Mumbets tombstone still stands in the Massachusetts cemetery where she was buried.It reads，in part：“She was born a slave and remained a slave for nearly thirty years.She could neither read nor write，yet in her own sphere she had no superior or equal.” 1What do we know about Mumbet according to Paragraph 1?AShe was born a slave. BShe was a slaveholder.CShe had a famous sister. DShe was born into a rich family.2Why did Mumbet run away from the Ashleys?AShe found an employer.BShe wanted to be a lawyer.CShe was hit and got angry. DShe had to take care of her sister.3What did Mumbet learn from discussions about the new constitution?AShe should always obey her owners orders.BShe should be as free and equal as whites.CHow to be a good servant. DHow to apply for a job.4What did Mumbet do after the trial?AShe chose to work for a lawyer.BShe founded the NAACP.CShe continued to serve the Ashleys. DShe went to live with her grandchildren.5.What is the text mainly about?AA story of a famous writer and spokesperson.BThe friendship between a lawyer and a slave.CThe life of a brave African American woman.DA trial that shocked the whole world.Passage 12(2014重庆)I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.Each of her objects had its place，but mine always hid somewhere.She even labeled (贴标签)everything.I always looked for everything.Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier.She would push my dirty clothing over，and I would lay my books on her tidy desk.We both got tired of each other.War broke out one evening.Kate came into the room.Soon，I heard her screaming，“Take your shoes away！Why under my bed！”Deafened，I saw my shoes flying at me.I jumped to my feet and started yelling.She yelled back louder.The room was filled with anger.We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call.Kate answered it.From her end of the conversation，I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill.When she hung up，she quickly crawled (爬)under her covers，sobbing.Obviously，that was something she should not go through alone.All of a sudden，a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.Slowly，I collected the pencils，took back the books，made my bed，cleaned the socks and swept the floor，even on her side.I got so into my work that I even didnt notice Kate had sat up.She was watching，her tears dried a