高三英语寒假作业专题1名1词性从句(学).doc

高三英语寒假作业 专题11 名词性从句（学）名词性从句是高考的常考点。名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句在高考中的考查重点：1. that和what引导名词性从句的区别；2.名词从句的语序和时态；3. it作形式主语、形式宾语的几种情况；4.宾语从句的否定转移；5.whether和if的用法区别；6.what在名词性从句中的使用；7.doubt后的名词性从句的使用；8.Who / whoever, what / whatever等的用法区别；9.连接词that的省略；学习时尤其要注意区分和归纳what/that/wh-ever/whether等的语义功能和语法功能。【重点知识整合】名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词有：从属连词that，whether，if ，wh-连接代词和连接副词，关系代词what，whatever等。 一、that从句 1that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常见的句型有： (1)It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。It is probable that he has told her everything.他可能已经把所有事情都告诉她了。【例】It is obvious to the students _ they should get well prepared for their future.A. as B. which C. whether D. that (2)It+be+名词词组(no wonder，an honour，a good thing，a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句。 Its a pity that we cant go.真可惜我们不能去。 Its no surprise that our team should have won the game.不要惊奇，我们队本来就应赢得比赛。 (3)It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。 It is said that Mr Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到达北京了。 It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday. 根据决定这个会议已经被推迟到下周一。 (4)以下情况用虚拟语气 It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required/insisted（坚持要，一定要）that sb. (should) do sth. It is necessary/important/strange/natural that sb. (should) do sth. 2作动词的宾语 (1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see，say，know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, make等。在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如think，make，consider等，可以用it作形式宾语，此时that不可省略。 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.他应当改进他的发音，我们认为这是必要的。 He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他不会屈服的，这一点他已明确表示了。 (2)that从句一般不能充当介词的宾语，偶尔可作except，in，but的宾语。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把业余时间用在读书上。 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须用it作形式宾语。 You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 我会一直帮助你，你要相信这一点。 3作形容词的宾语 某些形容词后常接宾语从句，这类形容词有sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连接词that可省略。 Im afraid you dont understand what I said just now. 我担心你没有明白我刚才说了什么。 Mother was very pleased her daughter had passed the exams妈妈很高兴，她的女儿通过了考试。 4作表语 (1)连接词that不可省略。 (2)主句的主语是reason，则表语从句只能用that引导。 The reason why he was late for class is that he didnt catch the early bus.他上课迟到的原因是他没有赶上早班车。 (3)主句的主语是advice，suggestion，order，proposal等时，表语从句应用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。 5作同位语 The news that the plane will take off on time makes everyone happy.飞机将按时起飞的消息使每个人都很高兴。注意：that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别 连接词that引导同位语从句时，应放在某些抽象名词之后。如 ：fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news,problem，possibility等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，连接词that只起引导同位语从句的作用，在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。 关系代词that引导定语从句时，关系代词that一方面起引导定语从句的作用，但另一方面，that在定语从句中担当主语或宾语。若作宾语，还可以省略。但是，引导同位语从句的that一般不能省略。 The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging（同位语从句） 我们的足球队赢得了比赛的消息真是鼓舞人心。 The news (that) we heard on the radio was not true.（定语从句） 我们在收音机里听到的消息不是真的。【例】 We should consider the students request the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where 【例】 The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though 【例】News came from the school office _Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.A. which B. what C. that D. where二、wh-疑问从句1作主语，常用it作形式主语It doesnt matter whether she will come or not. 她来不来无所谓。 It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 It has not been decided yet who will preside at the meeting. 由谁来主持会议还没有确定。注意：主语从句如果是用what，whatever，whoever等引导的，表示一个具体的东西或人，这种主语从句不能用it来替换。What he found interested me greatly.他的发现使我很感兴趣。Whoever has finished may rest谁完工了就可以休息。【例】A good friend of mine from I was born showed up at my home right before I left for BeijingAhow BwhomCwhen Dwhich 2作直接宾语 能跟wh-疑问从句作直接宾语的动词（短语）很多，常见的有see, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, find out, imagine, suggest,doubt, wonder, show, discuss, understand, inform, advise等。 I cant imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是怎样做那件事的。 They couldnt understand why I refused. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝了。 注意：wh-疑问从句还可作介词的宾语，但if从句不能作介词的宾语。It all depends (on) how we solve the problem.这完全要看我们如何鹪决这个问题。We are worrying about what we should do next.我们正在为下一步该怎么办而烦恼。 3作表语The problem is where we should stay.问题是我们应该待在哪儿。【例】The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait tor her mother. A. where B. what C. how D. who 4作某些形容词的宾语 You must be careful what you do.你必须小心你所做的事情。 5作同位语 The question why so many people would choose to live in the countryside but to work in the city is still under discussion. 关于为什么这么多的人们将选择住在乡下而在城市工作的这个问题还在讨论中。 三、名词性关系从句 名词性关系从句实际上是先行词与在其后的定语从句的结合。 what= the thing(s) that/which whoever= anyone who whichever= anyone/anything that whatever=anything that where=the place where when= the time when注意：连接代词和连接副词一般都表疑问，但what，when，where等连接词有两种含义，一种表示疑问（即：什么，何时，何地），另一种表示陈述(即the thing that，the time when，the placewhere)。【例】The how to book can be of help to wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever 1作主语 What they need is a good textbook. 他们需要的是一本好的教科书。 Whichever he likes will be given to him. 他喜欢哪个就给他哪个。 Whichever book he bought would be paid for. 无论他买的是哪一本书都要付款。 Whoever did this job must be rewarded. 无论谁做了这项工作，一定要得到酬谢。 【例】Could I speak to is in charge of International Sales please? A. who B. whatC. whoever D. whatever 2作宾语 Ill show you whatever you want to see. 你想看什么我都可以给你看。 Ill give you however much money you need. 你需要多少钱我都可以给你。 We shall not forget when the meeting will start. =We shall not forget the time when the meeting will start. 我们不会忘记开会的时间。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。名词性关系从句还可作介词的宾语。 She walked up to where he stood.她走到他站着的地方。 I can judge by what I know of him. 我可以根据我对他的了解来判断。 You can write about whatever topic you prefer. 你可以写你喜欢写的任何题目。 Ill wait till when we meet again. 我会等待着我们再次见面。3作表语This is where our problem lies这就是我们问题的所在。Tomorrow is when it would be the most convenient.明天是最方便的时候。4作宾语补足语Well make him whatever he is fit for. 他适合干什么，我们就培养他干什么。Ill call the baby whatever name you like.你喜欢哪一个名字，我就叫这个婴儿哪个名字。He has made the company what it is today.他把公司办成了今天这个样子。 四、whether和if在名词性从句中的区别。 下列情况只用whether不用if： 1引导主语从句且置于句首时。 2引导表语从句时。 3引导同位语从句时。 4引导宾语从句且前置时。 5作动词discuss和介词的宾语时。 6其后紧跟or not时。 7其后跟不定式时。 五、“疑问词+ever”与“no matter+疑问词”的应用。 1whatever，whoever等既可以引导名词性从句，又可引导状语从句。引导名词性从句时，其主句缺主、宾、表、定语等，相当于anything that，anyone who等；当引导状语从句时，其主句不缺任何成分，并且主句和从句通常用逗号隔开，相当于no matter what, no matter who等。 “no matter+疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，能和“疑问词+ever”结构互换。但不能引导名词性从句，no matter不能单独使用。 2what，who等与whatever，whoever等的区别在于：what，who等是指具体的东西或人；用whatever，whoever等是表示任何一个事物或人，无范围可言，语气比前者强烈得多。 Whatever I said, he wouldnt listen to me.（让步状语从句） =No matter what I said,he wouldnt listen to me. 无论我说什么他都不听我的。 He would believe whatever I said.（宾语从句）他会相信我说的任何事情。