中考重要词组及句型.doc

重要的短语、句型和惯用法（一）1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车 get up 起床 get ready for 为.作准备get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身体好 get in 进入，收集get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，.进展顺利 2. have an accident 出事故 have a good time =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴 have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿 have a cough 咳嗽 have a drink(of).喝一杯. have a talk 听报告 have lunch 吃午饭 have.for lunch 午饭吃.have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 3. make a mistake 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为Btake sth. by mistake 错拿某物 4. make friends with 与.交朋友make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火 make an excuse 找籍口 make a.sound 发.音 make tea 沏茶 make room for. 为.找出空间make it 如期赴约 make a team 组成一个队 eg.Lets make it half past one. 注意：时间前不用介词at 5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉. turn sth. up/down 把.音量开大/小 注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间 6. try sth. on 试穿（衣、鞋、帽） 注意：当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试 try ones best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do ones best to do sth. 7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人 send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射 8. hear from sb 收到.的来信 hear of 听说 9. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去 hurry up 赶快 10. get to +名词 get +副词(不用to) reach+名词/副词 arrive in/at +大/小地点 （后接副词，不用at/in） eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家 11. teach sb. English 教某人英语 teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学 12.到.末为止 by the end of +过去时间 （用于过去完成时） by the end of +将来时间 （用于一般将来时） at the end of+地点 在.尽头 in the end= at last 最后，终于 13. hundreds of 成百上千 thousands of 成千上万的 millions of 成百万的 14. be pleased to do sth 很高兴地干某事 be pleased with sth. 为某事而高兴 15. be used for 被用来 be used as 被当作 be used by 被.所使用 16. so far 到目前为止， 用于现在完成时 17. on a Tuesday morning 一个星期二的早上 on the morning of June 15th.1998 在1998年6月15日早上 18. keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直干某事 keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep on doing sth. 持续不断地做某事 19. much too+形容词副词原级 实在太. too much+不可数名词 相当多的. eg. Its _ expensive. I cant buy it.Theres _ rain this year. 20. thanks to.由于，多亏thanks to ones help=because of ones help 由于某人的帮忙 thanks for ones help 谢谢某人的帮助 21. be far away froma place/sb 远离某地 22. wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽 常用于被动语态。其P.P为worn out 售完 卖完 23. two-month holiday=two months holiday 二个月的假期 24. fall asleep 入睡（进入状态） get to sleep 入睡（还没睡着） 25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事 eg. She stopped the child from listening. stop doing sth. 停止干某事，不再干某事 stop to do sth. 停止下来干另一件事。 26. hardly any +n. 几乎没有. 27. quite a/an+形容词名词 一个相当.eg. Two months is quite a long time. a very 形容词+名词eg. English is a very useful language. 28. be afraid of+名词 害怕. be afraid to+动词 担心、害怕. be afraid that+从句 恐怕. 29. so+形容词 so strong so beautiful such+形容词+名词(复数或不可数) such beautiful pictures such nice smell such + a/an+形容词+名词（单数） such an interesting story 30. feel like doing 想干某事 31. be made/grown/produced三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产” 归类: 机器一类make(制造)盐.糖.丝绸produce (经机器加工生产) 农作物、水果grow (人工种出来的) 32. finish doing sth. 做完某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事 go on doing sth. 继续干某事 be always doing 老是干某事 33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 .hope that.希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth. 34. in surprise 惊奇地（作状语） be surprised at sb. 对某人的举动感到诧异 be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶 35. no space(room) to stand in 没有站的地方、空间 36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 with ones help 在某人的帮助下 选择题： 1.They arrived _ London_ a cold winter night.A.at, in B.in, on C.at, on D.in, at 2.Its rather cold today.Youd better _ more clothes before you go out. A.put on B.wear C.to put on D.to wear 3.You must be very tired. Why not _ a rest?A.stop taking B.stop to take C.to stop taking D.to stop to take 4._, Ive caught up with my classmates in my English studies.A.Under his help B.With his help C.Under the help of him D.With the help of him 5.Mother told me _ in the sun. A.not read B.dont read C.read not D.not to read 6.Watching TV _ is bad for your eyes. A.much too B.many too C.too much D.too many 7.Those foreign visitors _ our city the day before yesterday.A.arrived B.reached C.reached to D.got in 8.She asked me to help her _ her Chinese. A.at B.with C.for D.on 9.Look _ the words in the dictionary when you dont know _ they mean. A.up, what B.up, that C.for, that D.for, what 10.One after another, three of them _.A.fell asleep B.got to asleep C.went to asleep D.were sleeping 完成句子： 1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？ Do you _ _drinking a glass of orange? 2.小杨毕业离校以来，我们从未收到他的来信。 We have never _ _ Xiao Yang since he _ school for the last time. 3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。 People started to build the Great Green Wall _ _ it could stop the wind from _ the earth away. 4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟，是吗？ Wei Hua _ you _ his brother,didnt she? 思考题： 1.人造卫星能用来向国外发送电视和广播节目 Man-made satellites can be _ for _ TV and radio programmes to foreign countries. 2.多亏有了绿色长城，现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。 _ to the Great Green Wall, they can grow a lot _ cotton than before. 3.学生们相互交朋友，通常相处得很好。 The students make friends _ one another and usually _ _ well. 4.店主说你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。 The shopkeeper said the woolen sweaters _ your size were _. 重要的短语、句型和惯用法（二）1.There be 结构 a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。 eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch. b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。 c.There is a river near our school.否：There is not a river near our school.问：Is there a river near our school.回答：Yes, there is. No, there isnt.划How many rivers are there near our school? Whats near our school? d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?There is going to _ a football match this afternoon. A.have B.watch C.be D.playThey were sure that they were going to _ a rest. A.be B.have C.be on D.on 2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。 a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps. So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too. b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)主语，表示某人也不。eg.Mother has never been to Japan. Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either. c.So主语be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom. B:So he is.=He is really in the class room. 3.Its+时间+since动词过去式。自从.起已有.时间了。Its two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了 4. 祈使句+and (那么).eg.Go straight on and youll see a school.=If you go straight on, youll see a school. 5.祈使句+or.否则.eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students. =If you dont work hard, youll fall behind the other 6. The+比较级.，the+比较级. 越.越. eg.The more, the better. 越多越好。 The harder you work on it, the better youll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)7.How do you like the film? =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？) 8.What.do with.?怎样对付.?怎样处理.?虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how. eg.A:What have you done with the library book? B:Ive just returned it to the library. 9.I dont know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？ I dont know how to do. 10.What.be like?.是什么样的？ eg.Whats the weather like? 天气如何？Whats your school like? 你们学校是什么样的？ 11.What.for?为何目的？为什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab? 12.one of +最高级复数 最.之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers. 13.find it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的) find +宾语 +名词eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.) find +宾语 +形容词eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着) I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物) 14.I dont think+肯定句 我想.不 eg.I dont think Ill take it. (我想我不买它了)请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。 15.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken 16.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.Youd better catch a train.Youd better not talk in class.Youd better not be late for the class. 17.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了) 18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.eg.It took me half an hour to do the work.=I spent half anhourin doing the work. 19.sb.pay 钱 for 物 某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend 钱 on 物 =物 cost sb.钱 , pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed. eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat. =I spent thirty yuan on the coat. =The coat cost me thirty yuan. 20.have been to 某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿 sb.have been in +地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间) have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿 21. too形容词(副词)+to太而不能 太以致于不eg.The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。 This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。so.that 如此.以致于.上面的too.to结构的句子，可以换成so.that 引导的句子转换。The basket is so heavy that I cant carry it. This colour TV is so expensive that we cant afford it. 22.Whats the population of .? .人口有多少？ 不说How much population in.?形容人口数量的大用large eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA 23.Ive come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的) Why have you come? 而不用What 24.not.until (连词)方才，才 eg.He says that he wont be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。 肯定句until 到eg.Youd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天) 25.neither.nor. 既不.也不. either.or. 或者.或者.eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word hundred. Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则) both.and. 两者都. eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数) 练习题： 1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _ the librory. A.has gone to B.went to C.has been to D.had gone to 2.He knew little about the film _ he saw it yesterday evening. A.if B.since C.until D.because 3.I_ change his mind. Dont worry, Hell surely come to get it. A.think he wont B.think he will C.dont think he wont D.dont think he will 4.- _do you_ the TV play? - Not bad, I think. A.How;think of B.What;like C.How;like D.What;think 5. I _ have a good time _ the party. A.hope you will;at B.like you; on C.hope you to ;in D.want you that; from 完成句子： 1.中国有多少人口，中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。 _ the population of China? Its about _ _ of the worlds population. 2.门铃一直响着，直到门被林涛打开才停。 The doorbell _ _until the door was opened by Lin Tao. 3.午饭后他休息了一会儿，我也休息了一会儿。 He had a short rest after lunch, and _ _ I. 4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。 _ more than ten years _ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town. 5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有. The bus was_ crowded that there was hardly _ standing room in it. 思考题： 1、做饭花了她半个小时。 It _ _ half an hour _ _ some cooking.=I _ half an hour _ some cooking. 2、你真好，经常在数学上帮助我。 Its really nice _ you to _ me _ my _. 3、Lily跑得不快，赢不了比赛。 Lily _ run quickly _ _ _ the race.=Lily _ _ _ _ _the race. 4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样？ _ _ _ a Teachers Day card _ the art lesson? 5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。 Football is _ _ _ _ _ games in our school. 情景交际英语（一）1.问候： A:Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi. How do you do ? Nice to meet you. B:回答相同 A:How are you? B:Fine, thank you.And you? Very well,thank you. 2.介绍： This is Mr/Mrs/Miss. Id like you to meet my parents. My name is.Im a student. 3.告别 A:Goodbye.See you later/tomorrow. Good night.B:回答相同4.感谢和应答 表示感谢 通常回答 Thank you very much. Not at all. Thanks a lot. Thats OK. Many thanks.Thats all right. Thanks for helping me. Youre welcome. 5.祝愿、祝贺和应答 A:Good luck! Best wishes to you. Have a nice/good time/journey. Congratulations! B:Thank you.A:Happy New Year! Merry Christmas! B:The same to you. A:Happy birthday to you. B:Thank you. 6.道歉和应答 A:Im sorry.Im sorry to trouble you. B:It doesnt matter. Its not important. Thats nothing. 7.遗憾和同情 What a pity!Im sorry to hear that. 8.邀请和应答 A:Would you like to ? B:Yes, Id love to. 9.提供帮助和应答 A:Can I help you?=What can I do for you?Here, take this/my bike. Let me do it for you.B:Thanks for your help. Yes, please. No, thanks. Thats very kind of you. 10.请求允许 A:May I.? Can I/Could I.? B:Yes/Certainly/Of course. Yes, do please. OK/All right. A:Do you mind if I open the window? B:No, not at all. 或Never mind. 11.表示同意和不同意 (1):Certainly/Sure/Of course.Yes, please. Yes, I think so. All right/OK. Thats a good idea. I agree with you. (2):No, I dont think so. Im afraid not. I really cant agree with you. 12.表示肯定和不肯定 1: Im sure. Im sure that. 2: Im not sure. Im not sure whether/if. Maybe. 13.喜欢和厌恶1:I like /love.(very much) I like /love to. 2: I dont like to.I hate to . 14. 问时间、日期的应答 A:What day is it? B:Its Monday.A:Whats the date?B:Its Jan. 10th.A:Whats the time,please? B:Its five oclock/half past five. Its time to . 15.请求 (1): Can/could you.for me? Will/would you please do sth.? May I have.? (2): Please give/pass me. Please wait (here/a moment). Please wait for your turn. Please stand in line. (3): No smoking, please. No noise, please. 16.劝告和建议 1:Youd better. You should. You need to.2:Shall we do sth. ? Lets do sth. . What/How about doing sth. ? 回答: OK. Good idea. 17.禁止和警告 1:You mustnt play on the road. If you . youll .2:Take care.=Be careful. 18.表示感情 A:喜悦 Great!Thats nice.Im glad/pleased/happy to.B:焦虑 Whats wrong? Whats the matter with you?Im/Hes/Shes worried. Oh, what shall I do? C:惊奇 Really?Oh, dear!Is that so? 19.约会 A:Are you free this afternoon? What/How about tomorrow morning? Shall we meet at 4:30 at the school gate? B:Yes, thats all right. Yes, Ill be free then. All right.See you then. 20.语言困难 Pardon?Please say that more slowly again.What do you mean by.?Im sorry I know only a little English. 21.表示称赞： A:Oh, how nice! Your dress is beautiful.B:Its nice of you to say so. 或Thank you. 22.常见的标志和说明 BUSINESS HOURS NO PHOTOS OFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UP OPEN CLOSED PULL PUSH EXIT ENTRANCE 营业时间 禁止拍照 办公时间 这边向上 开 关 1.-Would you like to go to the zoo with us? _. A.Yes, please. B.Thats true. C.Yes, Id love to. D.Quite well. 2.-Ive done quite well in the exam this term. -_ _. A.I dont know. B.Congratulations. C.So do I. D.Go on, please.3.If your friend tells you that he is ill, you may say_ _ A.Excuse me. B.Im sorry to hear that. C.It doesnt matter. D.I dont think so. 4.-Have a good journey, Alice. A.All right B.Thanks a lot. C.Very good D.Much better 5.The signTHIS SIDE UP is often seen _. A.on a box B.in the street C.in a cinema D.in a park 思考题： 1.-Thank you for your help. -_ A.All right. B.Thats all right. C.Thats right. D.Its very kind of you. 2.-Do you mind if I close the window? -_ A.No, I mind. B.Yes, I dont mind. C. No, not at all. D.Yes, Im afraid not. 3.-Help yourself to some apples.-_ A.I dont like it. B.Sorry, I cant help it.C.Never mind. D.Thank you very much. 4.-Tom will take care of our cat while were away. -_ AFine, thank you. B.Ill do it myself. C.Thats very kind of him. D.It doesnt matter. 5.-You speak English quite well. -_ A.I dont think so. B.You dont say so. C.No, I dont speak well. D.Thank you.