高中英语必修5(外研版)Unit1BritishandAmericanEnglish知识点总结.docx

高中英语必修5（外研版）Unit 1 British and American English知识点总结一、重点词汇 havein common 原文再现 We have really everything in common with America nowadays，except of course，language. 当然，除了语言外，如今我们确实在所有方面都和美国一样。基本用法 have.in common 在.有共同之处 （宾语可以为 sth./nothing/little/a little/ a lot/much等） Though they are twins，they have nothing in common. 虽然是双胞胎，他们却毫无共同之处。 To my surprise，I found I had a lot in common with this stranger. 令我吃惊的是，我发现自己和这个陌生人有许多共同点。知识拓展相关短语 1. in common with sb./sth. 与一样 In common with other students, Tom is often late for school. 和其他学生一样，汤姆也经常迟到。 2. common people 平民百姓 3. common sense 常识 词义辨析: common/ordinary/usual/normal1. common 常见的，尤其指许多人或事物所共同具备的。 Rabbits and foxes are common in Britain. 兔子和狐狸在英国很常见。 2. ordinary 普通的，指平常的，平淡无奇的。 It was a very ordinary day today. 今天是很平常的一天。 3. usual 多指习惯性的、遵循常规的、一贯如此的。Im afraid I overslept and missed my usual bus. 很遗憾我睡过头了，误了我通常坐的那班公共汽车。 4. normal 正常的，侧重“无异常”。 The doctor said the childs temperature was normal. 医生说孩子体温正常。 make a difference 原文再现 It doesnt make much of a difference whether a teacher speaks British or American English. 一位老师说的是英式英语还是美式英语，这并没有多大差异。基本用法 make a difference 有关系；有影响；起重要作用 （difference前常可以加big/great/little/much/no等词修饰） Even if you tried to help, it wouldnt have made any difference. 即使你设法帮忙了，结果也不会有什么不同。 What you said just now made no difference to him. 刚才你说的话对他没有什么影响。Graduates should be optimistic that they can make a difference in our world. 毕业生应该乐观，相信自己能令这个世界有所不同。 accent 原文再现 so the accent isnt going to be a problem. .所以口音不会是个问题。基本用法 accent n. 口音；重音；强调 He was often made fun of for his strong accent. 由于他乡音很重，大家常和他开玩笑。 Judging from her accent, she must be from the North. 从她的口音判断，她一定是北方人。The accent of this word falls on the last syllable. 这个词的重音落在最后一个音节上。 Her English accent is so good, you will think she is a native speaker. 她的英语口音很纯正，谁都以为她生来就说英语。 obvious 原文再现 British and American English are different in many ways. The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary. 英式英语与美式英语在很多方面都不相同。最首要，最明显的区别就在于词汇。基本用法 obvious adj. 明显的；显然的；无疑的 It is quite obvious that he didnt do it himself. 显然他没有亲自去做。 Her disappointment was obvious to everyone. 大家都看得出来她显然很失望。知识拓展相关单词 obviously= clearly= apparently adv. 显然地，明显地 Obviously,he cant tell the difference between them. 显然他无法区别二者的不同。 We must help him-hes obviously in trouble. 我们必须帮助他-他显然有麻烦了。 get around 原文再现 As a tourist，you will need to use the underground in London or the subway in New York，or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi (British) or cab (American) 作为游客，你在伦敦要乘的地铁叫 underground，而在纽约则叫 subway，或者你愿意乘坐 taxi (英国用法) 或者 cab (美国用法)游览城市。基本用法 get around 四处走动；应付；逃避；(新闻或消息等)传开 It is difficult for him to get around without a stick. 他没有手杖四处活动很困难。I think we should be able to get around most of these problems. 我认为我们应该能避开这些问题的大部分的。 It quickly got around that Liu Xiang got the first prize again. 刘翔再次获得第一名的消息很快就传开了。 I dont know how hes going to get around this matter. 我不知道他打算如何应付此事。知识拓展-词义辨析：get词组 get around=get about (到)各处走动；(到)各处旅行get around=spread (消息、谣言等)传开 get across（被）理解，明白；把表达出来 get along (with) 进展(行)；相处 get away (from) 逃掉 get rid of 摆脱；除去 get back 回来；收回 get in 插话；收获get through 做完；通过；接通 get close to 接近 queue 原文再现 The British queue up; Americans stand in line. 英国人排队用queue up；美国人排队用stand in line。基本用法 1. queue v. 排队；排队等候 Come and queue up, children, lets go to the theater. 孩子们，来排好队，让我们去戏院吧。 2. queue n. 队列；长队 We were at the tail of the bus queue.我们立在公车候车队伍的末尾。 知识拓展-相关短语 1. queue up 排队等候 Every day I have to queue up at the bus stop to go to work. 我每天为了上班必须在公共汽车站排队。 2. jump the queue 插队（不按次序排队） 3. queue jumper 不按照次序排队的人 confusing 原文再现 Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning, which can be confusing. 有时候，同一个单词在意思上有细微的差别会让人困惑。基本用法 confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的 注意对比：confused adj. “感到困惑的”，一般修饰人或一个人的表情(look，expression)及声音(voice)。 From his confused expression，I can see this confusing problem puzzled him. 从他困惑的表情可以看出，我知道这个令人困惑的问题把他难倒了。知识拓展 相关单词1. confuse vt. 使困惑；使难以理解；混淆 Dont confuse him with his brother. They are much alike. 别把他与他的弟弟混淆了，他们非常相像。 Whoever sent the message is trying to confuse me. 那个写信的人不管是谁，反正想迷惑我。 2. confused adj. 感到困惑的，感到难懂的 I was confused at his confusing words. 我对他说的令人难懂的话感到迷惑不解。 3. confusion n困惑；混乱，混淆He stood there in confusion. 他困窘地站在那里。 相关短语 confuse A with/and B 把A和B混淆 be confused by sth. 被搞糊涂了 in confusion 困惑地；困窘地 compare 原文再现 Prepositions，too，can be different：compare on the team，on the weekend (American) with in the team， at the weekend (British) 介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下 on the team，on the weekend (美国用法)和 in the team，at the weekend (英国用法)。基本用法 compare v. 比较，对比；把比作 Compare this car with that one and you will find the differences between them. 把这辆汽车与那辆汽车相比，你就会发现他们之间的区别。Teachers are often compared to gardeners while students flowers. 人们常把老师比做园丁，而将学生比做花朵。知识拓展 相关单词 comparison n. 比较，对比 Her looks are beyond/without comparison. 她的美貌无与伦比。 相关短语1. comparewith 把和进行比较 Dont compare your disadvantages with others strong points. 不要拿自己的缺点与别人的优势相比。 2. compareto 把比作 We often compare children to flowers of our country. 我们常常把孩子比做祖国的花朵。 3. compared to/with. 和相比 (固定搭配，常用作状语 )Compared to/with developed countries，we still have a long way to go. 与发达国家相比，我们还有很长的路要走。 4. in comparison with 与相比 5. by comparison 比较起来，较之(多用于句首) variety 原文再现 The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. 两种语言分类各不相同的另外两个方面就是拼写和发音。基本用法 variety n变化；多种多样 There are new varieties of wheat. 麦子有许多新品种。 He left for a variety of reasons. 他由于种种原因而离开了。知识拓展相关单词 1. vary v. 变化；变异；使多样化 Teaching methods vary greatly from school to school. 各个学校的教学方法大不相同。 2. various adj. 各种各样的；不同的 He is fond of playing various kinds of toys. 他喜欢玩各种玩具。3. variously adv. 不同地；各种各样地 He is variously described as a hero, a genius and a fool. 把他说成是英雄、天才、笨蛋，不一而足。 4. variation n. 变化；变异，变种 There is variation in price from store to store for the product. 在不同的店里这个产品的价格也不一样。 相关短语a variety of 多种多样的，相当于varieties of，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。同时， variety 的前面可以有great，large，wide等词修饰。如： A variety of apples are sold in this supermarket. 这家超市卖各种各样的苹果。 We have a great variety of famous tea here. 我们这里供应多种名茶。 differ 原文再现 The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. 两种语言分类各不相同的另外两个方面就是拼写和发音。基本用法 differ vi. “不同，相异”, 常与介词in 连用表示“在某方面相异”。与介词 from连用，表示“和不同” Our opinion differs greatly from each others in that respect. 我们的意见在那方面有很大的出入。 The two girls are similar in appearance，but they differ in voice. 这两个女孩在外表上相似，但声音却不同。知识拓展 相关单词different adj. 不同的，有区别的 difference n. 不同；不同之处 相关短语 1. differ frombe different from 与不同 His opinion differs entirely from mine. 他的意见与我的完全不同。2. differ in 在方面不同 The brothers differ widely in their tastes. 他们弟兄的爱好大相径庭。 3. differ with/from sb. about/on/over sth. 关于某事与某人意见不同 We differ with each other about this matter. 关于这件事，我们意见不同。 4. tell the difference 分辨；区分The twins are so alike that its difficult to tell the difference. 这对双胞胎太像了，很难分出谁是谁来。 5. make a difference 有影响；有作用；有意义 settler 原文再现 Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago. 自从四百年前第一批移民的到来，有很多因素影响了美语发音。基本用法 settler n. 移民者；殖民者；定居者 This restaurant is owned by an Australian settler. 这家餐馆由一位澳大利亚移民所有。知识拓展-相关单词 1. settle v. 安居；定居；解决 Hes of an age when he ought to settle down.他已经到了应该安顿下来的年龄了。 I hope you can seek your way to settle the matter. 我希望你能设法解决这件事。 2. settlement n. 移民；殖民；解决，处理 Well leave the question for later settlement. 这问题我们将留待以后解决。 be similar to 原文再现 The accent，which is most similar to British English，can be heard on the East Coast of the US. 在美国东海岸能听到与英国英语非常相似的口音。基本用法 be similar to 与类似；相似 Your views on education are similar to mine. 你的教育观点和我的相似。 What you said just now is similar to what she said yesterday. 你刚刚所说的与她昨天说的相似。知识拓展-相关短语be similar in. 在方面相似，和差不多 The theme of this novel is similar in that of that novel. 这本小说的主题和那本小说的差不多 反义词：be different from 不同于 remark 原文再现 When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language, he was obviously thinking about the differences. 当著名的爱尔兰作家萧伯纳说出“英国和美国是被一种常见的语言分割开来的两个国家”一番话时，很明显 他考虑了两者之间的差异。基本用法 1. remark n. 言辞；评论；讲话 That last remark was a hit at me. 最后的话是对我的讽刺。2. remark v. 评论；谈到；说 The editor remarked that article was well written. 编者评论说那篇文章写得很好。知识拓展 相关单词 remarkable adj. 引人注目的；异常的，非凡的 The child is remarkable for his cleverness. 这孩子聪明得惊人。相关短语 1. remark that 说；评论 He remarked that he would be absent the next day. 他说他第二天会缺席。 2. remark on / upon sth./sb. 谈论某事或某人 He was remarking upon the subject when I came into the room. 当我进入房间的时候，他正在谈论那个主题。3. make a remark / remarks on / about 对发表评论 Please make a remark on “Better City, Better Life”, the theme of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo. 请你说说自己对上海世博会主题“城市让生活更美好”的认识。 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 原文再现 A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. 伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。基本用法 have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难(much，little，no修饰，in可以省略。有相同用法的搭配还有 have trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time/great fun (in) doing sth.) Some students have difficulty in finding jobs after graduation. 有些学生毕业后很难找到工作。 He said he had some difficulties with his English pronunciation.他说他在英语发音方面有一些困难。 Did you have any trouble finding his house? 你找到他的房子有没有困难？ You can never imagine the great difficulty I had getting her QQ number. 你都想象不到我弄到她的QQ号有多大的困难。 steadily 原文再现 For more than a century communications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. 一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发展。基本用法 steadily adv. 稳定地；稳步地；有规则地 His health is getting steadily worse. 他的健康正逐渐恶化。 The production of their factory goes steadily upward. 他们工厂的生产稳步上升。知识拓展-相关单词steady adj 稳定的；稳固的；坚定的。 The price of fruits remains steady. 水果的价格保持稳定。 Hes never been able to hold down a steady job. 他从未能保住一份稳定的工作。 flick 原文再现 Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. 自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，非常便捷地听到英式英语和美式英语已经成为 可能。基本用法 flick n. 轻打；轻弹；轻快的动作 Flick the dust off and we will use this table. 把这张桌子上的灰尘轻轻抹去，我们要用桌子。He gave it a flick with his finger. 他用手指轻叩它。 It will be possible to change thecolorof cars at the flick of a switch. 它将是可能的轻轻一拨开关改变汽车的颜色. switch 原文再现 Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has been possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. 自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，非常便捷地听到英式英语和美式英语已经成为 可能。基本用法 1. switch n. 开关；转换；鞭子 I cant feel where the light switch is. 我摸不出电灯开关在哪里。2. switch v. 转换；改变；抽打 Hang on, please. Ill switch you to the manager. 请不要挂断电话。我给你转接到经理那儿去。 Be sure to switch off the light when you leave the office. 你离开办公室时务必把灯关掉。知识拓展-相关短语 switch on 打开电源，开关等 switch off 切断电源，开关等switch over 转换频道 switch to 切换到；转变成 lead to 原文再现 But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. 但是这也致使许多美国英语单词和结构传入英国英语，以至于现在有一些人相信英国英语将要消失。基本用法 lead to 引起；通向；相连（lead to.中的to是介词，后跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。） All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。 Hard work leads to success and failure often lies in laziness.勤劳通向成功，失败源于懒惰。 Too much work and too little rest often lead to illness. 过量的工作和过少的休息会引起疾病。 This road leads to the hotel. 这条路通向旅馆。知识拓展 相关短语 1. lead sb. to do sth. 使得/引导某人去做某事The evidence led me to a different conclusion. 这个证据使我得出一个不同的结论。 2. lead sb. to 带领通往，引导某人(to是介词，后跟名词，动名词，代词。) What led you to this conclusion? 你是怎样得出这个结论的？ What led you to take up acting as a career? 是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？“动词+介词to”构成的常用短语： look forward to 盼望 pay attention to 注意 get down to 开始认真干 belong to 属于 point to 指向 agree to 同意devote.to. 贡献给 turn to 求助于；转向；翻到 stick to 坚持 object to 反对 refer to 谈到；涉及；参阅 see to 处理；料理 reply to 答复add to 增加 compare.to. 把比作 structure 原文再现 But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English，so that some people now believe that British English will disappear. 但是这也致使许多美国英语单词和结构传入英国英语，以至于现在有一些人相信英国英语将要消失。基本用法 structure n. 结构；构造；组织 The structure of the sentence is strange. 这个句子的结构很奇怪。 The social structure has changed beyond recognition.社会结构已变得面目全非，今非昔比。 rapidly 原文再现 English is developing very rapidly. 英语发展得很快。基本用法 rapidly adv. 快地；迅速地 Childhood is a period of rapid growth. 幼年是生长迅速的时期。知识拓展-相关单词 rapid adj. 快的；迅速的 His rise to power was very rapid.他很快掌握了大权。 announcement 原文再现 The prime minister is making an important announcement at the moment. 总理正在发布一个重要的公告。基本用法 announcement n. 公告；宣告；发表 An announcement will be made next week. 下周将有一个通告发布。 The announcement will appear in tomorrows newspapers. 该通告将于明日见报。知识拓展相关单词 announce v. 宣布；通知；公告 I hope to announce the winner shortly. 我希望马上宣布胜利者的名字。 I am sorry to announce a slight delay. 我很抱歉地告诉大家飞机有点儿晚点。 词义辨析：declare/ announce/ claim1. declare指正式宣布，当众宣布。通常指官方正式公布，宣告事情。如： I now declare this meeting open. 我现在宣布会议开幕。 2.announce指预告性地宣布或公开宣告大家关心的事情。如： The teacher announced in the class that the winter holidays would begin on January 28. 老师在班上宣布元月28日放寒假。 3. claim多指根据权利宣称，声称。如：Doctors claimed to have discovered a cure for the disease. 医生们声称已找到该疾病的治疗方法。 edition 原文再现 Hello, and welcome to todays edition of In the air. 大家好，欢迎欢迎来到今天这一期的节目In the air。基本用法 edition n. 版本；集；期 She is an improved edition of her mother. 她长得像她母亲但胜过她母亲。 The edition is limited to 500 copies. 该版限出500本。This edition of the dictionary is sold out. 这个版本的字典已售完了。知识拓展-相关单词 1. edit v. 编辑；校订 It took him a long time to edit the film. 剪辑这部电影花了他很多时间。 2. editor n. 编辑；主编 He is the chief editor of the newspaper.他是这家报纸的主编。 cute 原文再现 A cute accent is attractive. 一个可爱的口音是吸引人的。基本用法 cute adj. 可爱的；漂亮的；聪明的 Bertha is a cute brown and white bear. 柏莎是一只可爱的棕白相间的熊. It was cute of the boy to bring it to me. 那个男孩把它带给我，可真聪明。You are not so cute as you think. 你还不像你自己想的那样乖巧。 add 原文再现 Now add some more ideas in favor of your chosen variety. 现在增加更多的观点来支持你选择的类型。基本用法 add v. 加；增加；接着说 He added that hedidntbelieve it. 他补充说他不相信这件事。 The fire is going out; will you add some wood? 火快熄灭了，请你加些木柴好吗?知识拓展相关单词 addition n附加；加法 相关短语 1. add to 增加，增添 The snowstorm added to our difficulties. 暴风雪增加了我们的困难。 2. add.to. 把加到之上Please add some sugar to the milk. 请往牛奶里加些糖。 3. add up 把.加起来(强调动作) He added up those figures and they added up to 5,050. 他把那些数字加起来，它们合计为5050。 4. add up to. 加起来总共是(强调结果) His school education added up to no more than one year.他的学校教育加起来不到一年。 5. in addition (用做副词)此外；另外 In addition, Im the editor of our yearbook. 另外，我还是我们年鉴的编辑。 6. in addition to (用做介词)除之外，还. In addition to French, he has to study Japanese. 除了法语外，他还得学日语。 in favor of 原文再现 Now add some more ideas in favor of your chosen variety. 现在增加更多的观点来支持你选择的类型。基本用法 in favor of 支持；赞同；有利于 She is all in favor of my suggestion. 她完全赞同我的建议。 In their discussion, I was in favor of Mr. Li. 在他们的争论中，我支持李先生。知识拓展近义词组 be for 赞成；主张 We are for you against them. 我们支持你们反对那些家伙。 反义词组 be against 违反；反对 We are against it, first, last, and all the time.我们始终如一地反对这件事。 present 原文再现 Present your ideas to the rest of the class. 把你的观点陈述给班里的其他同学。基本用法 1. present v. 陈述(观点等)；赠送；颁发 On Teachers Day，some students presented their teachers with some flowers. 在教师节那天，有些学生给他们的老师献了花。 2. present adj. 出席的；现在的(常作表语和后置定语，不要误认为它是动词) All the people present at the meeting were asked to present their own opinions about this matter.所有出席这次会议的人都被要求陈述一下对这件事情的看法。 3. present n. 礼物；赠品；现在 I sent him a present in his brothers name. 我以他兄弟的名义送了他一件礼物。知识拓展-相关短语 1. present sb. with sth. / present sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人 They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son. 他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。2. present sb. to sb. 正式把某人介绍，引见给某人(地位，级别较高的人) May I present Mr Smith to you? 我把史密斯先生介绍给您，好吗？ 3. at present 目前，现在 At present，many students want to go abroad for further education. 目前，许多学生想出国深造。 4. be present at 出席；在场He will be present at the meeting in person. 他将亲自参加会议。 refer to as 原文再现 The Chinese refer to their language as Han, as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty. 中国人把自己的语言称为汉语，因为它是在汉代流行起来的。基本用法 refer toas 称为.； 把当作 （注：除了refer toas表 “把当作，认为”外，还有regardas ， look onas，takeas，think ofas，treatas，see.as.，consider.as.有类似的用法。） The students referred to their teacher as a friend. 学生们把老师当作朋友。 I think of John as a sad person with little success in his life.我认为约翰是个可悲的人，一辈子很少有什么成功。知识拓展 相关短语 refer to 涉及；谈到；查阅，参考 Dont refer to this matter again, please. 请不要再提这件事了。 Does what he has said refer to me? 他说的事涉及到我了吗？You may refer to your notes if you want. 如果需要，可以查阅笔记。 词义辨析: refer to/ look up 这两个短语都有“查阅，查询”的意思，但后面所跟的宾语不同。 refer to 后面跟所查询的工具，如 a book，a dictionary。 look up 后面跟要查询的内容，然后再用介词 in 跟工具，如：look up a word in a dictionary。 attempt 原文再现 Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese? 你能从韦伯斯特的工作与简化汉语之间看到什么相似之处吗？基本用法 1. attempt vt. 试图 (常指一次的而不是继续的尝试，往往暗示这种尝试达不到目的。后接不定式与动名词时 意义相同。try是普通用词，指为成功做某事而付出努力或花费一定代价；后接不定式表示“努力做某事”， 后接动名词表示“尝试着做”。) I attempted to work out the question，but failed. 我试图算出那道题，但没算出来。2. attempt n. 企图，努力；尝试 I passed my driving test at the first attempt. 我考驾照时一次就通过了。知识拓展 相关单词 attempted adj. 未遂的；意图的 He was charged with an attempted crime. 他因犯罪未遂而被起诉。相关短语 1. attempt sth. 尝试某事 2. attempt to do/doing sth. 尝试(试图)做某事 Dont attempt to do so much in such a short time. 时间这么短，别想干这么多的事。 3. make an attempt to do sth./ at doing sth. 尝试(试图)做某事 They made no attempt to escape/at escaping.他们未曾企图逃跑。 simplify 原文再现 Can you see any similarities between Websters work and attempts to simplify Chinese? 你能从韦伯斯特的工作与简化汉语之间看到什么相似之处吗？基本用法 simplify vt. 简化；使单纯；使简易 The program could simplify further. 该程序还可以进一步地简化。 Could you simplify what youve just said? 你能简化你刚才所说的吗?知识拓展-相关单词simple adj. 简单的；易懂的；普通的 I like my clothes to be simple but elegant. 我喜欢朴素但漂亮雅致的衣服。 combination 原文再现 Combinations of letters (like ough) may be pronou