沪教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练—阅读理解（科普环保类）D卷

沪教版2020年备战中考初中英语专项训练阅读理解（科普环保类）D卷姓名:_ 班级:_ 成绩:_一、 阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1. （10分）阅读理解 Robots seem very new to most people. But they have a long history. The first one was made by a Greek inventor. You may have seen robots in some films. The robots in these films are stronger, faster and more clever than people in real life. Most robots are used in factories. They are used to do many dangerous, difficult or boring jobs. Some people cant look after themselves and move around. They need dogs to help them. These dogs are called guide dogs. Scientists are making robot dogs to help them. In the future, robot dogs might take the place of these guide dogs.Robots are also used in American hospitals. At one hospital, a robot takes meals from the kitchen to the sick peoples rooms, it never loses its way because it has a map of the hospital in its computer system.In the future, robots will work in space. But robots will never take the place of human beings, though they can help us in a lot of different ways.（1）From the passage we can know that robots . A . are not usefulB . were invented long，long agoC . mostly work on the farmD . can take the place of(代替)human beings（2） inventor made the first robot in the world. A . ChineseB . JapaneseC . RussianD . European(欧洲的)（3）The underlined phrase guide dogs means . A . 机器狗B . 幸运儿C . 导盲犬D . 机器猫（4）Robots cant get lost in hospital because . A . they walk after the doctorsB . they ask the people when they dont know the wayC . they take a map of the hospital in their handsD . their computer system can tell them the way（5）In the future robots . A . will work in different important fieldsB . will take the place of humanC . can do everythingD . cant do something as bad people tell them2. （12分）阅读理解 Scientists in Britain and the United States have made a new kind of enzyme(酵素) that eats plastics (塑料). With its help, plastics can be turned into smaller parts and go away quickly. Scientists believe that, in the future, it could solve the problem of plastic pollution.The enzyme is able to break down PET, a form of plastic. PET was first made in the 1940s and is now widely used to make plastic bottles. It can remain in the environment for many years and pollute large areas of land and water. So it has always been a headache to deal with the waste from PET and other plastics.The researchers made the discovery (发现) while examining the structure of a natural enzyme in Japan. They found that the natural enzyme was helping to break down PET plastics. So, they decided to make small changes to the enzyme by adding some amino acids (氨基酸). It made the natural enzymes plastic-eating abilities work faster and better.John McGeehan, one of the lead researchers, said, Weve made an improved enzyme. Its better than the natural one. And we are trying to make more improvements to it. He went on, The enzyme is not harmful to humans or animals, and it is friendly to the environment. So we are considering putting it into wider use.The team is now trying to make the enzyme break down PET in large quantities (大量地).Well see that the plastic pollution may be stopped with this technology. However, there is still a long way to go, John McGeehan added.（1）According to the scientists the enzyme may solve the problem of pollution. A . airB . waterC . lightD . plastic（2）The underlined phrase break down in the passage probably means _ in Chinese. A . 实验B . 生产C . 发明D . 分解（3）Researchers discovered that a natural enzyme helped eat plastics _. A . in BritainB . in the USC . in JapanD . in China（4）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A . The scientists are still trying to improve the enzyme.B . The enzyme will pollute large areas of land and water.C . The natural enzyme works better than the improved one.D . The natural enzyme is harmful to humans and animals.3. （10分） Many places in the world need more fresh water. Every country is trying to find ways to turn salt water into fresh. Why arent there many factories like the Symi factory?In some places the sun is not hot enough. Or it does not shine every day.In such places other ways of heating sea water can be used. These ways cost more money, but they work faster than the sun. By boiling sea water with high heat a lot of fresh water can be made quickly.But heating is not the only way to get fresh water from salt water. Other ways are tried.One way is freezing. The fresh part of salt water freezes first. To get fresh water, the bits of ice are taken out.Which way is the best? The one that gives the most water for the least money. It may be a different way for each place.Symis way seems very good for small, hot places. It does not make much water at a time. But the factory is easy to build and costs little. That is why people in many dry places talk about Symi.（1）From the passage we know that fresh water _.A . is needed in many countriesB . is needed in every countryC . can be used in many waysD . is very important for factories（2）The Symi factory _.A . turns salt water into freshB . can be built everywhereC . can make much fresh water at a timeD . doesnt need sunshine every day（3）Which is the best way for small and hot places to get fresh water?A . Boiling the sea water.B . Heating the sea water.C . The Symis way.D . Freezing the sea water.（4）What fact doesnt the passage mention (提到)?A . New ways of getting fresh water.B . A lot of fresh water can be made quickly by heating.C . The best way is to get the freshest water with the least money.D . The Symis way doesnt work in dry places.（5）The Symis way is not suitable for _ places according to the passage.A . smallB . hotC . coolD . dry4. （10分） For a long time, humans have used technology (科技) to study the world around us, and Mars is the latest place were using machines to explore. Besides the earth, the “red planet” is seen, as the one place in our solar system most likely to have life.Early last month, the first American robot, Spirit, landed on Mars without any problem. Opportunity, the second robot, landed on the planet more than a week ago. Scientists are very excited about these machines safe landing on Mars. It means that now we have an excellent chance to look for water and other signs of life. So far, the robots have found some stones that could show Mars was once a wet and warm planet.But the trips made by Spirit and Opportunity were dangerous. Mars is often called the “death planet”, because in the past its environment has been unfriendly to the robot explorers. Before Spirit and Opportunity, nearly forty spaceships had been sent to Mars since the 1960s. Two-thirds of them failed. The first spaceship, Korabl, sent in 1962 by Russia was among them. It broke apart (分裂) near the earth.（1）For a long time humans think _.A . they can surely find life on MarsB . there may be life on MarsC . its too late for them to explore Mars nowD . Mars is the only planet that has life on it（2）The two robots _.A . have found out that it is warm and wet on MarsB . were sent to Mars to find some stonesC . were the first two American robots that landed on MarsD . are the only machines that have landed on Mars so far（3）The third paragraph mainly tell us _.A . its a very hard and dangerous trip for spaceships to MarsB . two-thirds of the spaceships sent to Mars have failedC . Spirit and Opportunity landed on Mars successfullyD . Mars is called the “death planet”5. （10分）阅读理解Scientists have been experimenting with four-leg robots for years. They want to use robots to carry heavy things over difficult land.But providing enough power for those kinds of robots has been a problem. Now, that has changed. Engineers at MIT have designed a running robot that runs on batteries. Scientists say their robots will soon be able to run like cheetahs, the fastest land animals on Earth.One difficulty in designing these types of robots continues to be providing power. These machines are still quite heavy and they need a lot of power to run. But the cheetah-like robot designed by engineers at MIT is light enough m run on batteries. The robot weighs just 30 kilograms. The robot needs only about 700 watts of power to run. This robot can actually jump 40cm high and it can land very safely and then it can run. The robots limbs and other parts were made in a three-dimensional or 3D printer. A strong, light-weight material called Kevlar is used to make the robots part stronger.But the development of MITs robot is not without its own set of problems. The robots limbs must support heavy force, and sometimes they break.Scientists say the new technologies used on this robot may be used in the making of limbs for disabled persons and other machines. Some of those machines may help save humans from performing difficult and dangerous jobs.（1）What is the challenge in designing the four-leg robots? A . carrying heavy thingsB . Running fast.C . Being light enough.D . Providing enough power.（2）What can the new technologies on MITs robot be used for? A . For making a 3D printer.B . For making limbs for disabled persons.C . For helping people do housework.D . For helping people live longer.（3）From the passage, we know that MITs robot . A . can carry heavy thingsB . can jump 30cm highC . is made of KevlarD . is still very heavy（4）Whats the main idea of this passage? A . Scientists have been working on four-leg robots.B . A new robot has been designed by engineers at MIT.C . The robots can help us do difficult and dangerous jobs.D . The difficulty in designing the new robot.第 10 页 共 10 页参考答案一、 阅读理解 (共5题；共52分)1-1、1-2、1-3、1-4、1-5、2-1、2-2、2-3、2-4、3-1、3-2、3-3、3-4、3-5、4-1、4-2、4-3、5-1、5-2、5-3、5-4、