名词性从句讲义教案.docx

2013届高三复习专题讲解【考纲解读】名词性从句是复合句的一种，前几年高考主要考查宾语从句中用陈述语序以及连接词的选择等问题；近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一，所以我们可以断言，以后的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐。在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等, 因此可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。主要考查语序问题、连接词选用、时态的 呼应等Who will win the match is still unknown. I want to know what he has told you. The fact is that we have lost the game. The news that we won the game is exciting. 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 从属连词： that, whether, if 不充当从句的任何成分 连接代词: what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which, whichever. （作主、宾、表、补） 连接副词: when, where, how, why, however, wherever（状）一、 主语从句（一）、主语从句在复合句中作主语, 它可以位于句首, 但常见的主语从句多放在句末,句首则用形式主语it。1That the earth is round is true. = It is true that the earth is round2. Whether he will come hasnt been decided. = It hasnt been decided whether he will come. 注意: 连词that, whether在从句中不担任句子成分,只起连接作用,不能省略 (注: if不可用来引导主语从句）When he will go to America is not yet fixed. (It is not yet fixed when he will go to America.) Whoever leaves the room last should close the door. Whatever we do must be in the interests of the people.3.常见的it作形式主语的结构1）It is a fact that he won the match.2）It is necessary that we do study the English.3）It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.4）It seemed that he would come here基本句型结构以及常用词语It is + 名词 + that从句 It is a fact/a shame/a pity/no wonder/good news/thatIt is + 形容词 + that从句 It is necessary/strange/important/possible/likely/that这类主语从句中,谓语动词常为(should)+动词原形It is + 过去分词 + that从句 It is said/reported/decided/known/thatIt + 不及物动词 + that从句 It seemed/happened/doesntmatter/has turned out/that4、（二）、it 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 it 作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构, 主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如:It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film.It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.It is in the morning that the murder took place.It is John that broke the window. （三）.what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别what 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、表语，而that 则不然。如：What you said yesterday is right. 你昨天说的是对的。特别提示1）、if不能引导主语从句。2）、连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3）连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。三、宾语从句宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。1.作动词的宾语1)由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,如：I heard that he joined the army. 我听说他参军了。2)由what，whether (if)引导的宾语从句，如：She did not know what had happened. 她不知道发生了什么事。3)动词间接宾语宾语从句。如：She told me that she would accept my invitation. 她跟我说她愿意接受我的邀请。2.作介词的宾语，如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.我们的成功取决于我们的合作情况。3.作形容词的宾语，如：I am afraid (that)Ive made a mistake. 我恐怕是犯错了。that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，hurt，satisfied，content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句看作原因状语从句。4.it 可以作为形式宾语it不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而把真正的宾语that 从句放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。如：We heard it that she would get married next month. 我们听说她打算下个月结婚。(1)动词find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it作形式宾语，而将that宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示“喜欢；痛恨；认为”的动词或动词短语和see to表示“注意，留意”后有宾语补足语时，需要用it作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start the engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。5.否定的转移若主句谓语动词为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，fancy，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。如：I dont think this dress fits you well.（我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。）6宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?7宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)(3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。连接词that，whether，if引导I think(that)you should turn to the teacher for help我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示whether/if都意为“是否”。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。三、表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。另外，常用的还有The reason is that. 和It is because 等结构。1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time，it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。(2)当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。四、同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能同位语从句对名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。如：The kings decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.国王作出的这名囚犯释放的决定让人们大吃一惊。2.同位语在句子中的位置同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。如：He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得知运动会要延期举行。3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述它的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。如：The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）1that的用法。在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中that一般不能够省略；在宾语从句中有时可以省略，一般需要注意下面两点：(1)当that从句作介词宾语时，that不能省略。如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country除了来自同一个国家之外，他们几乎没有共同点。(2)当主句谓语动词后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他的不省略。如：I believe(that)youve done your best and that things will improve我相信你已经尽力了，而且情况也会得到改善。2that与what的区别。that在从句中不能够充当句子成分，也没有含义；what可以在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语，意思是”什么，的事情”。如：The hope that he may recover is not gone yet他会康复的希望没有消失。(that不充当成分，也无含义)Wht he said proved to be true他所说的话证明是正确的。(what作said的宾语，可以翻译为“的话”)3定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制；而同位语从句是对从句前面的抽象名词作进一步的说明和解释。如：The news that our team has won the game Was true我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句，补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)The news that he told me yesterday Was true昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句，news在从句中作told的宾语)I made a promise that if anyone set me free 1 would make him very rich我许诺如果谁让我自由，我就让他非常富有。(同位语从句，补充说明promise的内容)The mother made a promise that pleased all her children妈妈许下了一个令她的孩子们高兴的诺言。(定语从句，promise在从句中作pleased的主语)2010年1.（2010吉林市高三第二次市统考）_was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise _ he would give each of us a small gift.A. As ; which B. What ; that C. It ; that D. It ; which 答案：C. It 作形式主语，that引导同位语从句。2.（2010年海淀区三模）Its reported that the new underground line has been completed Yes but it hasnt been made clear its to be opened to traffic Athat Bwho Cwhat Dwhen答案：D考查名词性从句的连接词。此处是when引导的宾语从句。3.（2010年重庆市高考仿真试卷三）The news _ Barack Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize is _ surprised the worldAthat；whatBwhich；thatCthat；whichD/；how答案：A考查名词性从句的连接词。第一空同位语从句；第二空表语从句。4.（2010年重庆市高考仿真试卷三）We went to the Great Wall yesterday, _, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors from all over the world Awhere BwhichCthatDwhen答案：B考查定语从句的关系词。此处是which引导的非限制性定语从句。5.（安徽省铜陵市第三中学2010届高三第二次月考）Its in the city_ you are going to pay a visit to _this kind of beer is produced.A. /, where B. where, that C. /, that D. that, which答案：B考查强调句型。第一空是where引导的定语从句；第二空为强调句型。6.（湖南省长沙市一中2010届高三第九次月考）_ Taiwan has purchased a large quantity of arms from the US causes great tension in the Asian and Pacific district. A. What B. That C. It D. As 答案：B考查主语从句的连接词。此处that没有意思，不作成分，只起连接作用。7.（湖南省长沙市一中2010届高三第九次月考）He had to admit it was where he fell down _ his competitor made it. A. who B. that C. at which D. where答案：B考查强调句型。此题在宾语从句中含有一个强调句型，where he fell down是被强调的部分。8.（江西省九江一中2010届高三适应考试二）We think that its love, generosity and perseverance make the world it is today.Awhat; thatBthat; what Cwhich; what Dwhich; that答案：B考查强调句型及宾语从句。第一空为强调句型；第二空是考查宾语从句的连接词what。9.（江西省重点中学盟校2010届高三第二次联考）When travelling in buses or trains,we are likely to have conversations _ we give information or opinions about different things. A. where B. which C. what D. when答案：A考查定语从句的关系词。此处conversation作先行词。10.（山东省淄博市2010届高三二模）Is it, in your opinion, possible _ new measures will be taken to improve the terrible traffic?A. whetherB. whatC. whenD. that答案：D考查主语从句的连接词。此处it是形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。11.（山西省太原五中2010届高三下学期五月月考）Now, the worlds focus is all on Shanghai _ the 2010 world Expo is to be held. A. when B. whose C. where D. that答案：C考查定语从句的先行词。此处Shanghai作先行词，其后为where引导的定语从句。12.（四川省绵阳中学2010届高三高考模拟） life began on the earth is one of the biggest puzzles to scientists.AHowBWhatCWhereDThat答案：A考点：名词性从句。连接词的选择考查。句意为：“生命在地球上如何开始的？”。此题容易选择B，误认为感叹句，感叹名词life,误选B。13.（四川省棠湖中学2010届高三考前适应训练）What are you worrying about? It is _ there is any chance of being infected by AH1N1 virus. Awhy Bthat Cif Dwhether答案：D考查名词性从句的连接词。此处是whether引导的表语从句。14.（天津一中2010届高三第五次月考）I did love my mom very much but it got to a point _even she did not want me to see her as she was.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which答案：A考查定语从句的先行词。此处point作先行词，其后是where引导的定语从句。15.（浙江省衢州一中2010届高三下学期第三次质量检测）Did you buy a dress yesterday? No, _ I liked the color, I didnt like its style.A. as B. while C. if D. since 答案：B考查让步状语从句。此处while意为：尽管。句意：尽管我喜欢这颜色，但我不喜欢其样式。16.（浙江省衢州一中2010届高三下学期第三次质量检测）After a five-hour drive, they reached _ they thought was the right place _ they had been dreaming of. A. where; which B. that; that C. which; where D. what; that 答案：D考查宾语从句及定语从句。第一空考查what引导的宾语从句，what在其中作主语；第二空考查定语从句，the place作先行词，that作dream of的宾语。17.（重庆市西南师大附中2010届高三第七次月考）Students will fly to France on their first stop, _ they plan to stay for three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. when答案：A考查定语从句的先行词。此处stop作先行词，其后是where引导的非限制性定语从句。18.（重庆市西南师大附中2010届高三第七次月考）The world thinks highly of _ China and its people have achieved in the last year.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how答案：C考查宾语从句的连接词。此处of后为宾语从句，what是宾语从句的连接词，其在从句中作achieve的宾语。19.（广西桂林市2010届第一次模拟考试）The firm invested approximately 60 million dollars in it says is the worlds largest bottle-bottle recycling plant. A. that B. where C. what D. how答案：C考查名词性从句的连接词。此处in后为宾语从句，what是宾语从句的连接词，其在从句中作主语，it says是插入语。20.（湖南省湘潭市2010届高三第三次模拟考试）-The thread of my kite broke and it flew away. -I told you it would easily break it was the weakest.AwhenBforCsinceDwhere答案：D考查地点状语从句的连接词。句意：我告诉过你风筝会在最没劲的地方断开。21.（江西省十所重点中学2010届高三第一次模拟考试）“Meals on wheels” is a free service, _ hot meals are delivered to elderly people who may not be able to move around very easily.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. what答案：C考查定语从句。此处此处service是先行词，其后是where引导的定语从句。22.（山东省胶州市2010届高三上学期期末考试）With the number of cars increasing rapidly in cities，a major problem is the cars can be parkedAwhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere答案：D考查表语从句。此处是where引导的表语从句。23.（山东省邹平一中2010届高三四月月考）Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.A. why B. what C. that D. where答案：D考查定语从句。此处race是先行词，where引导定语从句，相当于in which。24.（山东省邹平一中2010届高三四月月考）We are very proud of _ you have accomplished so far. You should be proud too.A. what B. that C. which D. where答案：A考查宾语从句的连接词。此处of后为宾语从句，what作accomplish的宾语。25.（陕西省宝鸡市2010届高三教学质量检测三）No one really knows exactly of when the first people arrived in we now know as CaliforniaAwhat Bwhen CwhereDwhich 答案：A考查宾语从句的连接词。此处in后为宾语从句，what作know的宾语。26.（陕西省西安铁一中2010届高三四二次月考）. It was in the classroom _ we have Economics classes _ I found my cell phone. A. where; where B. where; that C. that; where D. that; that答案：B考查定语从句及强调句型。第一空是where引导的定语从句；第二空强调句型。27.（上海市十三校2010届高三下学期联考）Valli, who was born in Pula, in is now Croatio, made her film debut in Italy in the mid-1930s.AwhatBwhereCthatDwhich答案：B（A）考查宾语从句的连接词。此处in后为宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作主语。28.（四川省成都树德协进中学2010届高三二诊热身）_ matters most in learning English is enough practice.A. WhatB. WhyC. WhereD. Which答案：A考查主语从句的连接词。此处what在主语从句中作主语。29.（浙江省金华十校2010届高考模拟试题）The Internet and the effect brought about did a lot of good to our daily life and work.AthatBwhatCwhichDit答案：D考查定语从句的关系词。此处The Internet and the effect是先行词，it作定语从句的主语，先行词作about的宾语。30.（重庆一中2010届高三下学期第一次月考）What do you think of the meal we have just had? It is well worth is charged for it. A.that B.which C.what D.how many答案：A（what）考查名词性从句的连接词。此处what作宾语从句的主语。2011年1. 【2011河北石家庄质检二】 For immediate delivery, tell the company_you will be and theyll send the goods to you.A. where B. who Cwhat Dhow【答案】A2. 【2011山东师大附中第七次质量检测】The world thinks highly of China and its people have achieved in the last year.A.that B.what C.which D.how【答案】B3. 【2011山东师大附中第七次质量检测】Pointing to the house on roof grew lots of bush,the old man told me that was I would stay.A.its;what B.whose;what C.whose;where D.its;where【答案】C4. （江西2011届百校联考模拟二）_ is known to us all is that the 2010 Asian Games will take place in Guangzhou.A. It B. What C. As D. Which【答案】B5. 【2011长春高三毕业班第二次调研】It seemed to me that she was in doubt _ Timmy lived or died. A. whyB. how C. that D. whether【答案】D 6. 【2011北京石景山高三统一测试】Can you describe _ it happened?Yes, I was riding on my bike _ a car knocked me down from behindAwhen; as Bhow; as Chow; when Dhow; while【答案】C7. (北京市海淀区2011届高三上学期期末考试)Please put the medicine on the top of the shelf. Its our children cant reach it.Awhat Bthat Cwhere Dhow【答案】C8. (山东省潍坊市2011年高三年级质量监测)Sometimes advertisements make possible for companies to sell the customers money call not buy A：that Bit；what Cthat：which Dit；whose【答案】B9.The art center is _ used to be Factory 789 and _ millions of tractors were made. A. what; where B. where; where C. that; which D. where; which【答案】A 10. Upon graduation he asked to be sent to _. A. where he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed【答案】A11. These photographs will show you _. A. what does our village look like B. what our village looks like C. how does our village look like D. how our village looks like【答案】B12. _ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That【答案】C13. Do you remember _ he came? Yes, I do, he came by car. w.w.w.c.o.m A. how B. when C. that D. if【答案】A14. _ is a fact that English is accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It【答案】D15. _ we cant get seems better than _ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what【答案】A 16 The government has announced that a modern city will be set up in _is still a wasteland now . A. what B. whichC. that D. where 【答案】A17Many people wrote articles on _Liu Xiang had failed to compete in the event . .A. why B. what C. who D. that 【答案】A18The couple are spending their holiday on _is described as one of the most beautiful islands . A. that B. what C. which D. where 【答案】B19The book is meant to _needs it . A. whoB. whoeverC. whomever D. whom【答案】B20The experience of the Chinese nation attests to a truth_ a nation loses in times of disaster will be made up for by her progress A. that whatB. whatC. thatD. what that【答案】A21.【2011江苏省四市第一次调研】Golf is rapidly becoming more popular. Near some towns and cities new courses are being built in _. A. what is farmland B. what farmland isC. what farmland was D. what was farmland【答案】D22.【2011保定期末调研】 seems to be no possibility Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100 meter race.AIt; thatBThere; thatCThere; whetherDIt; whether【答案】B23.（2011河北正定中学第一次月考）10 is known to us all is that the old scientist, for life was hard in the past, still works very hard in his eightiesAAs; whomBWhat; whom CIt; whoseDAs; whose【答案】B 24.（2011河北正定中学第一次月考）11A reward of 1,000 dollars will be given _can find the lost childAwhomever Bwhoever that Cto whomeverDto whoever【答案】D25.（2011河北正定中学第一次月考）7After five days climbing in the mountain, they reached they thought was the place theyd been dreaming ofAthat Bwhere CwhichDwhat www.ks5u.com 高#考#资【答案】D 26.（2011浙江温州十校联考）13_ I cannot understand is _ she wants to resign her present job.AWhat; why BWhich; howCThat; why DWhat; which【答案】A27.（2011浙江温州八校返校联考）29_ worries me a lot is that I keep forgetting what I have just doneAAs BWhat CThat DIt【答案】B 28.（2011云南昆明一中第一次月考）12How will you deal with these papers, Ann?I will leave them to takes over the job.Aanyone BsomeoneCwhoever Dno matter who【答案】C29.（2011云南昆明一中第一次月考）13It a Saturday afternoon in May _ Margaret could arrange for me to meet her elder sister.Awas until, when Bwas until; that Cwas not until, when