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扶弱资料（六）非 谓 语 动 词所谓非谓语动词，就是指它们不能在句子中单独作谓语。但它们又具有动词的特征，即可以有宾语（如果是及物动词的话）、可以有时态和语态的变化、可以有自己的逻辑主语。同时，它们又具有名词的某些特征，即它们可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语。一、动词不定式: 动词不定式（时态与语态）：主 动 式 被 动 式一般式 to do to be done完成式 to have done to have been done进行式 to be doing1. 作主语:To say something is one thing, to do it is another.2. 作表语: My suggestion is to carry out the plan immediately.3. 作宾语: He decided to buy a computer. 4. 作宾语补足语: Mr. Smith wants his son to become a lawyer.注：在let, make, see, notice, hear等动词后面，作宾补的不定式均省去to. 如: He made a face and made everybody_(laugh). 但是，在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式则要加上to.如: We are made _(write) a composition every week by the teacher. 5. 作定语: He used to have a lot of meeting to attend. 注：当出现the first / second / last / only /best时，常跟不定式作定语He was the first man _ (get) to school this morning.6. 不定式作状语: To see what would happen, we stayed there. 二、分词 （ 现在分词 和 过去分词 ）（一）V-ing 形式（时态与语态）：主 动 式被 动 式一般式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done1._ (be) poor, he couldnt go to school.2.We are interested in _ ( play) chess.3.The question _ (discuss) now is important.4.The boy was afraid of _ (leave) alone at home.5._ (work) in the country for three years, he knew how to grow vegetables.注：现在分词的完成式表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前（二）过去分词（只有一种时态与语态）规则的：V-ed ； 不规则的（记不规则动词表） 1. The boy went home with his homework _ (finish). 2. _ (see) from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. 现在分词和过去分词在语态和时间方面有较大区别：现在分词表示的意义是主动的，进行的：the girl gathering flowers（正在采花的女孩）过去分词表示的意义是被动的，完成的：the flowers gathered this morning（早晨采的花）1. 作表语: The news is very exciting. / They are very excited at the news.2. 作定语: Dont disturb the sleeping child. / The arrested thief will be sentenced soon.3. 作宾补: He likes to sit on the beach and watch the seagulls flying. / The work left everyone exhausted.注： 有些动词如see, hear, feel, notice, watch等既可跟现在分词，也可跟不带to的不定式作复合宾语。它们的区别在于：现在分词着重说明动作正在发生；不定式着重说明动作的全过程I saw the boys climbing the wall. 我看见孩子在爬墙。I saw the boys climb the wall. 我看见孩子爬墙了。4. 作状语: They stood there waiting for the busHearing the knock on the door, they stopped talking.Asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.Compare: 1. _ (follow) the old man, we went upstairs 2. _ (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. 三、 动名词 （V-ing） 1.作主语和表语动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作, 在口语中也可以表示具体的动作。如： Seeing is believing. / My hobby is collecting stamps.注：在 “It is no use (good)”等习惯表达法中，常用形式主语 “it”It is no use quarreling with her. / Is it worthwhile trying again?2. 作宾语 在allow, advise, forbid, permit后直接跟动名词作宾语，如果有名词或代词作宾语，则构成“allowadviseforbidpermit 名词代词不定式（宾语补足语）”之形式。如： We dont allow_ (smoke) here We dont allow anybody _ (smoke) here3. 作介词宾语Have you got used to working on the night shift（值班）?Children are fond of reading detective stories.注某些习惯用法中，常省略介词，仅保留动名词He is busy (in) preparing a report. They spent a lot of time (in) making preparation.We had great difficulty / trouble (in) finding his house. 非 谓 语 动 词 需要注意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的逻辑主语一般的结构为for+名词+不定式，如：It is difficult for a foreigner to learn Chinese. I found it impossible _ him to do the job alone.但在表示人物性格，特征等的形容词后kind, brave, careful, clever, foolish, honest, kind, polite, rude, stupid, wise，常用of引出不定式的逻辑主语，如：It was wise of him to do that. It was very brave _ him to catch the thief.（二）、 不定式的主动式还是被动式作定语时，当句中出现的名词或代词是不定式动作的执行者时，用主动式I have a meeting to attend. The teacher gave John a book to read,若不定式动作执行者不是上述情况，而是其他人，用被动态： Here are the clothes to be washed（三）、有些动词虽然既可跟不定式又可跟动名词作宾语，但意义差别较大如；a) remember to do （记住要做某事）, remember doing（记得曾做过某事）b) forget to do （忘记要做某事）, forget doing （忘记曾做过某事）c) regret to do （因要做某事感到不安）, regret doing（因做了某事感到后悔）（四）、分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，凡表示“令人的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到”都用-ed形式。这类词常见的有：interesting令人感兴趣的 -interested感到有趣的； exciting令人激动的 -excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的 -delighted感到高兴的； disappointing令人失望的 -disappointed感到失望的（五）、admit, advise, avoid, cant help, consider, delay, deny, escape, enjoy, finish, feel like, imagine, mind, practise, risk, suggest等动词以及所有带介词的短语动词后面只能跟动名词做宾语。The boy was lucky enough to escape being punished.（六）、look forward to, pay attention to, stick to, devote to, make contributions to, get/be used to, object to中的to是介词，因而其后接动名词做宾语，不要误用动词不定式。(1) Im looking forward to seeing you again.(2) Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to setting up some schools for poor children.（七）、主动形式表示被动意义 动词want, need, require后作宾语的动名词的主动形式。这时句中的动名词与句子的主语有逻辑上的动宾关系。例：The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) fixing. = The TV set wants ( / needs / requires) to be fixed. 形容词worth后接的v -ing的主动形式。例：The film is worth seeing. 某些作表语的形容词（如easy, difficult, hard等）后接的不定式主动形式。例： This question is easy to answer.（To answer this question is easy.）语法填空 - 高考真题回顾（一）、全国卷：真题再练： 在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。1.(2015卷I68) Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers _ (conduct) by the website Trip Advisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. 2.(2015卷I70) Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people _ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.3.(2015卷II61) The adobe dwellings(土坯房) _ (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by4.(2015卷II64) In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without _ (use) electric equipment.5.(2015卷II66) When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _ (cool) the house during the hot day. 6.(2014卷I65) But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months. It took years of work _ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 7.(2014卷I68) While there are _ (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the changes are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 8.(2014卷II41) One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about _ (be) late for school. 9.(2014卷II43) There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and _ (disappoint).10.(2014卷II46) I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _(stop) until we reached the next stop. 语法填空 - 强 化 训 练 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1. We often provide our children with toys, footballs or basketballs, _ (think) that all children like these things. (05全国二)2. _ (face) with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice. （05北京春招）3. I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _ (go ) on.（05北京）4. With everything he needed _ (buy), he left the supermarket.5. With too much work _( do ), I cant go out with you.6. The building _ (build) now will be a restaurant.7. The building _ (build) next year will be a restaurant.8. The building _ (build) last year is a restaurant.9. Dont sit there_ (do) nothing. Come and help me with this table.10. All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to _ (receive) in time for Christmas.11. Lessons _(learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people.12. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _ (collect) coins also gives him great pleasure.13. Eugene is never willing to change his mind. Its no use _ (argue) with him.14. He was the only foreigner _( get ) such an honor yesterday.15. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _ (stop) talking while she works.短文错误 - 高考真题回顾1. (2015新课标卷II) After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found that 2. (2013新课标卷II) Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner. 3.(2012新课标卷) My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience, I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.短文错误- 强 化 训 练（1） David and I wanted go off to find help but Bill insisted on staying near the car. （全国卷）（2） David pointed to a path which he thought would probably leading to a village. （全国卷）（3） I went back to get David and helped him to stood up. （全国卷）（4） Charles and Linda Mason do all of these things as well as climbed building. （全国卷）（5） Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. （全国卷）（6） The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world. （7） you pay the cost of send a postcard， the librarian will write to you. （全国卷）（8） and let you to know when the book you want has returned（全国卷）（9） I want to thank you again for have me in your home for the summer holidays. （全国卷）（10） I had always wanted return to the village after moving away. （全国卷）（11） It was very kind of them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home.（全国卷）（12） I look forward to hear from you soon. （全国卷）（13） Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also gives us a sense of . （全国卷）（14） I was often a little tired after a days work and watch TV demands very little effort. （全国卷）（15） Id like very much come but I have an examination on Monday morning. （北京春季卷）（16） Ill spend the whole weekend reading and prepare for it. （北京春季卷）高中英语辅导-基础篇参 考 答 案一、动词不定式: 4. 如，laugh 如，to write 5. to get 二、分词 （一）V-ing 形式 1. Being poor 2. playing 3. being disscussed 4. being left 5. Having worked （二）过去分词 finished Seen 4. 作状语 1. Following 2. Followed三、 动名词 2. smoking; to smoke需要注意的几个问题:（一）、不定式的逻辑主语 for语法填空 - 高考真题回顾（一）、全国卷：1. conducted 2. living 3. built 4. using 5. to cool 6. to reduce 7. amazing 8. being 9. disappointed 10. to stop 语法填空 - 强 化 训 练用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空：1. thinking 2. Faced 3. going 4. bought 5. to do 6. being built 7. to be built 8. built 9. doing 10. be received 11. learnt / learned 12. collecting 13. arguing 14. to get 15. working ; 短文错误 - 高考真题回顾1. 把looks改为 looking 2. 把Have改为Having 3. 把to 去掉 短文错误- 强 化 训 练（1）（wanted 后加 to，因为want 后要接不定式） （全国卷）（2）（leading 改为 lead，因为其前有助动词 would） （全国卷）（3）（stood 改为 stand，因为 to stand up 在此为不定式结构） （全国卷）（4）（climbed 改为 climb / climbing，若将 as well as 视为连词，则将 climbed 改为 climb，因为它与其前的 do 并列；若将 as well as 视为介词，则 climbing，因为介词后动词用动名词） （全国卷）（5）（去掉live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的 know， have 并列） （全国卷）（6）（improve前加to，to improve为表目的的不定式短语） （全国卷）（7）（send改为sending，因为介词后接动名词作宾语） （全国卷）（8）（去掉 know 前的 to，因为其前有动词 let） （全国卷）（9）（have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语） （全国卷）（10）return前加 to，因为 want 后要接不定式） （全国卷）（11）（drove改为 drive，因为 drive 与其前的 to meet 并列，此处的 drive 为省略 to 的不定式） （全国卷）（12）（hear改为 hearing，因为其前的 to 是介词） （全国卷）（13）（第一个play改为 playing，因为动词原形不能用作主语） （全国卷）（14）（watch改为 watching，因为动词原形不能用作主语） （全国卷）（15）（come 前加 to，因为 would like 后接不定式） （北京春季卷）（16）（prepare 改为 preparing，因为它与其前的 reading 并列，与其前所用的动词 spend 有关）6
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