2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解27

2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories By The North Gates, in 1963, two years after she had received her Masters degree from the University of Wisconsin and become an instructor of English at the University of Detroit. Her line productivity since then has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays, and literary criticism. In the meantime, she has continued to teach, moving in 1967 from the University of Detroit to the University of Windsor, in Ontario, and in 1978 to Princeton University. Reviewers have admired her enormous energy, but find a productivity of such magnitude difficult to assess.In a period characterized by the abandonment of so much of the realistic tradition by authors such as John Barth, Donald Barthelme, and Thomas Pynchon, Joyce Carol Oates has seemed at times determinedly old-fashioned in her insistence on the essentially mimetic quality of her fiction. Hers is a world of violence, insanity, fractured love, and hopeless loneliness. Although some of it appears to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly form the experience of others. Her first novel, With Shuddering Fall (1964), dealt with stock car racing, though she had never seen a race. In Them (1969) she focused on Detroit from the Depression through the riots of 1967, drawing much of her material from the Depression made on her by the problems of one of her students. Whatever the source and however shocking the events or the motivations, however, her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day.1. What is the main purpose of the passage?2. Which of the following does the passage indicate about Joyce Carol Oatess first publication?3. Which of the following does the passage suggest about Joyce Carol Oates in terms of her writing career?4. What was the subject of Joyce Carol Oatess first novel?5. Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write?问题1选项A.To review Oatess By the North Gate.B.To compare some modern writers.C.To describe Oatess childhood.D.To outline Oatess career.问题2选项A.It was part of her masters thesis.B.It was a volume of short fiction.C.It was not successful.D.It was about an English instructor in Detroit.问题3选项A.She has experienced long nonproductive periods in her writing.B.Her style is imitative of other contemporary authors.C.She has produced a surprising amount of fictions in a relative short time.D.Most of her work is based on personal experience.问题4选项A.Loneliness.B.Insanity.C.Teaching.D.Racing.问题5选项A.A story with an unhappy ending.B.A romance novel set in the nineteenth century.C.A science fiction novel.D.A dialogue for a talk show.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【选项释义】What is the main purpose of the passage? 这篇文章的主要目的是什么？A. To review Oatess By the North Gate A. 回顾Oates的北门B. To compare some modern writersB. 来比较一些现代作家C. To describe Oatess childhood C. 来描述Oates的童年D. To outline Oatess career D. 来概述Oates的职业生涯【答案】D【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章第一段讲述了Oates于1963年出版了她的第一部短篇小说集，以及在这之后她在各个大学教书并且作为作家创作了多部小说；文章第二段讲述Oates小说的特点并举例说明。综合全文，文章主要讲述了Oates作为小说家和教师的职业生涯，因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“回顾Oates的北门”，文章只提到Oates出版了这本小说，并没有回顾这本小说，该选项属于过度推断；B选项“来比较一些现代作家”，文章第二段提到一些作家，但只是用他们来说明Oates的小说特点，该选项属于对文章的片面概况，属于以偏概全；C选项“来描述Oates的童年”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】Which of the following does the passage indicate about Joyce Carol Oatess first publication? 关于Joyce Carol Oates的第一次出版，这篇文章指出了以下哪一点？A. It was part of her masters thesis. A. 这是她硕士论文的一部分。B. It was a volume of short fiction. B. 那是一本短篇小说。C. It was not successful. C. 它没有成功。D. It was about an English instructor in Detroit. D. 是关于底特律的一个英语老师的故事。【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第一句“Joyce Carol Oates于1963年出版了她的第一部短篇小说集北门（Joyce Carol Oates published her first collection of short stories By The North Gates, in 1963）”，也就是说她的第一次出版是出版一部短篇小说。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“这是她硕士论文的一部分。”，文章只是说“她从威斯康星大学获得硕士学位”，并没有说这本小说是她硕士论文的一部分，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“它没有成功。”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“是关于底特律的一个英语老师的故事。”，文章提到“并成为底特律大学的英语讲师。”指的是作者是底特律的英语老师，并不是该小说是关于底特律的一个英语老师的故事，该选项属于偷换概念。3. 【选项释义】Which of the following does the passage suggest about Joyce Carol Oates in terms of her writing career? 关于Joyce Carol Oates的写作生涯，这篇文章暗示了以下哪一点？A. She has experienced long nonproductive periods in her writing. A. 她在写作中经历了很长时间的无成果期。B. Her style is imitative of other contemporary authors. B. 她的文体模仿同时代其他作家的风格。C. She has produced a surprising amount of fictions in a relative short time. C. 她在相当短的时间内创作了数量惊人的小说。D. Most of her work is based on personal experience. D. 她的大部分作品都是基于个人经验。【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段“从那时起，她的创作能力就变得惊人（Her line productivity since then has been prodigious），在不到20年的时间里，她创作了近30部作品，包括小说、短篇故事集、诗歌集、戏剧和文学评论。”由此可推断她在短时间内创作大量小说。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“她在写作中经历了很长时间的无成果期。”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“她的文体模仿同时代其他作家的风格。”，文中第二段提到“在一个以抛弃现实主义传统为特征的时期，如约翰巴思、唐纳德巴塞尔姆和托马斯品钦，乔伊斯卡罗尔欧茨有时似乎是坚决守旧的”由此可推断，她与当代小说家相比是不同的，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；D选项“她的大部分作品都是基于个人经验。”，文中第二段提到“虽然其中一些似乎来自她自己的观察、她的梦想和她的恐惧，更多的显然是来自其他人的经验。”，说明更多的是来自于他人的经验而不是自己的，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰。4. 【选项释义】What was the subject of Joyce Carol Oatess first novel? Joyce Carol Oates的第一部小说的主题是什么？A. Loneliness. A. 孤独。B. Insanity. B. 精神错乱。C. Teaching. C. 教学。D. Racing. D. 赛车。【答案】D【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“她的第一部小说战栗的秋天讲的是赛车（dealt with stock car racing）”，因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“孤独。”，文中第二段提及“她的世界充满了暴力、疯狂、破碎的爱情和绝望的孤独。”指的是她小说的特点，而不是这部小说的内容，该选项属于过度推断；B选项“精神错乱。”，文中第二段提及“她的世界充满了暴力、疯狂、破碎的爱情和绝望的孤独。”指的是她小说的特点，而不是这部小说的内容，该选项属于过度推断；C选项“教学”属于无中生有。5. 【选项释义】Which of the following would Joyce Carol Oates be most likely to write? Joyce Carol Oates最可能写以下哪一种？A. A story with an unhappy ending. A. 一个结局不愉快的故事。B. A romance novel set in the nineteenth century. B. 一部以十九世纪为背景的浪漫小说。C. A science fiction novel. C. 一部科幻小说。D. A dialogue for a talk show. D. 谈话节目的对话。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】文章第二段提到“她的世界充满了暴力、疯狂、破碎的爱情和绝望的孤独。”从“破碎的爱情和绝望的孤独”可推断她会写一部不愉快的故事。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“一部以十九世纪为背景的浪漫小说。”，文中第二段提到“她的世界充满了暴力、疯狂、破碎的爱情和绝望的孤独。”由此可知她不会写一部浪漫小说，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；C选项“一部科幻小说。”，文中没有说明她的小说涉及科幻，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“谈话节目的对话。”，文中第二段提到“她虚构的世界仍然惊人地类似于我们每天的报纸、电视新闻、脱口秀和流行杂志所反映的真实世界。”只是说她的小说和脱口秀一样反映真实世界，并不是说她会写谈话节目的对话，该选项属于过度推断。2. 填空题Directions: Use the words in the box to fill in the blanks of the following passage. Change the form if necessary. Write your answers on ANSWER SHEET.but demonstrate capable with happen average environmentally difference isolate measure There are two factors which determine an individuals intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born （1）. Human brains differ considerably, some being more capable than others.（2） no matter how good a brain he has to begin with, an individual will have a low order of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn. So the second factor is what （3） to the individualthe sort of environment in which he is brought up. If an individual is handicapped（4）, it is likely that his brain will fail to develop and he will never attain the level of intelligence of which he is （5）.The importance of environment in determining an individuals intelligence can be （6） by the case history of the identical twins, Peter and Mark X. Being identical. When the twins were three months old, their parents died, and they were placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared by parents of low intelligence in an （7） community with poor educational opportunities. John, however, was educated in the home well-to-do parents who had been to college. This environmental （8）continued until the twins were in their late teens. When they were given tests to（9） their intelligence, Johns IQ was 125, twenty-five points higher than the（10） and fully forty points higher than his identical brother.【答案】1.【答案】with2.【答案】but3.【答案】happens4.【答案】environmentally5.【答案】capable6.【答案】demonstrated7.【答案】isolated8.【答案】difference9.【答案】measure10.【答案】average【解析】but但是；然而conj. demonstrate证明；证实v.capable有能力的adj. with和在一起；具有prep.happen发生；出现v. average平均水平n.environmentally环境地adv. difference差异；不同之处n.isolate孤立；分离；隔离v. measure测量v.1. 【答案】with【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处he is born修饰brain。此题考查固定搭配，be born with表示“天生具有”。在句中指他天生具有的大脑。符合句意。因此填with。【句意】第一种是他与生俱来的大脑。2. 【答案】but【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处上文句意为“人类的大脑差别很大，有些人比其他人更有能力。”空格处下文句意为“不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。”上文提到有些人的大脑比其他人的好，而下文指不管大脑有多好，除非学习不然智力会低。由此可知该处存在转折关系。且空格后是一个完整的句子。因此该处缺一个表示转折的连词，因此填but。【句意】但是，不管一个人的大脑有多好，除非他有机会学习，否则他的智力水平就会很低。3. 【答案】happens【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处在what引导的表语从句中做谓语，因此空格处应填一个动词。空格处句意为：所以第二个因素是个体他成长的环境。固定搭配happen to sb表示“发生到某人身上”；从句中what做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。所以填happens。【句意】所以第二个因素是个体发生了什么他成长的环境。4. 【答案】environmentally【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处应填副词修饰前面的形容词“handicapped”。由句意“如果一个人患有残疾，他的大脑很可能无法发育。”可知，该处填入environmentally，表示由环境影响造成的残疾。environmentally符合句意，且对应上文。因此填environmentally。【句意】如果一个人因环境影响患有残疾，他的大脑很可能无法发育。5.【答案】capable【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少一个形容词。且固定搭配be capable of表示“能够”。由句意“他永远不会达到他到达的智力水平。”可知此处填capable表示“能够”符合语境。因此填capable。【句意】他永远达不到他所能达到的智力水平。6. 【答案】demonstrated【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处位于情态动词后，且有be动词在前，应填入动词的被动形式。由句意“环境在决定一个人智力方面的重要性可以从同卵双胞胎Peter和Mark X的案例历史中得到。”可知空格处填入demonstrate的被动形式demonstrated表示“证明；证实”符合语境。因此填demonstrated。【句意】环境在决定一个人智力方面的重要性可以从同卵双胞胎Peter和Mark X的案例历史中得到证明。7. 【答案】isolated【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处位于定冠词an后，应填一个形容词且以元音音素开头。所以该处应填入isolate的形容词形式，isolated“偏远的；孤立的”。由句意“彼得的父母智力低下，生活在一个社区，受教育的机会很少。”可知，空格处填入isolated“偏远的；孤立的”符合语境。因此填isolated。【句意】彼得是由智力低下的父母在一个教育机会很少的孤立社区抚养长大的。8.【答案】difference【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少名词。上文讲到“彼得的父母智力低下，生活在一个与世隔绝的社区，受教育的机会很少。马克的父母都上过大学，家境富裕。他还是个孩子的时候，就有人念书给他听，把他送进好学校，给他一切机会去激发他的智力。”空格处意味“环境的”上文表明二人生活环境的差异。因此空格处填入difference“差异；不同之处”符合语境。因此填difference。【句意】这种环境差异一直持续到双胞胎十八九岁的时候，那时他们接受了测试，以衡量他们的智力。9.【答案】measure【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少动词。由句意“当他们接受测试智力时”可知，空格处填入measure“测量”符合语境。因此填measure。【句意】当测试他们的智力时10.【答案】average【解题思路】分析题目可知，空格处缺少名词。由句意“约翰的智商是125，比高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。”可知，空格填入average“平均水平”符合语境。因此填average。【句意】约翰的智商是125，比平均水平高25分，比他的同卵兄弟整整高40分。3. 单选题In the 1920s demand for American farm products fell, as European countries began to recover from World War I and instituted austerity (紧缩) programs to reduce their imports. The result was a sharp drop in farm prices. This period was more disastrous for farmers than earlier times had been, because farmers were no longer self-sufficient. They were paying for machinery, seed, and fertilizer, and they were also buying consumer goods. The prices of the items farmers bought remained constant, while prices they received for their products fell. These developments were made worse by the Great Depression, which began in 1929 and extended throughout the 1939s.In 1929, under President Herbert Hoover, the Federal Farm Board was organized. It established the principle of direct interference with supply and demand, and it represented the first national commitment to provide greater economic stability for farmers.President Hoovers successor attached even more importance to this problem. One of the first measures proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt when he took office in 1933 was the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which was subsequently passed by Congress. This law gave the Secretary of Agriculture the power to reduce production through voluntary agreements with farmers who were paid to take their land out of use. A deliberate scarcity of farm products was planned in an effort to raise prices. This law was declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court on the grounds that general taxes were being collected to pay one special group of people. However, new laws were passed immediately that achieved the same result of resting soil and providing flood-control measures, but which were based on the principle of soil conservation. The Roosevelt Administration believed that rebuilding the nations soil was in the national interest and was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens. Later the government guaranteed loans to farmers so that they could buy farm machinery, hybrid (杂交) grain, and fertilizers.1. What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products?2. The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was _.3. The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to _.4. The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act _.5. It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at _.问题1选项A.The impact of the Great Depression.B.The shrinking of overseas markets.C.The destruction caused by the First World War.D.The increased exports of European countries.问题2选项A.to increase farm productionB.to establish agricultural lawsC.to prevent farmers from going bankruptD.to promote the mechanization of agriculture问题3选项A.reduce their scale of productionB.make full use of their landC.adjust the prices of their farm productsD.be self-sufficient in agricultural production问题4选项A.might cause greater scarcity of farm productsB.didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough powerC.would benefit neither the government nor the farmersD.benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others问题5选项A.reducing the cost of farmingB.conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nationC.lowering the burden of farmersD.helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1. 【选项释义】What brought about the decline in the demand for American farm products? 是什么导致了对美国农产品需求的下降？A. The impact of the Great Depression. A. 大萧条的影响。B. The shrinking of overseas markets. B. 海外市场的萎缩。C. The destruction caused by the First World War. C. 第一次世界大战造成的破坏。D. The increased exports of European countries. D. 欧洲国家出口的增加。【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第一句“20世纪20年代，随着欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复，并开始实施紧缩计划以减少进口，对美国农产品的需求下降。（demand for American farm products fell）。”由此可知欧洲国家减少了进口，可推断海外市场变得萎缩。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项“大萧条的影响。”，大萧条使得美国对农产品需求下降更严重，而不是导致美国农产品需求下降的原因，该选项属于本末倒置；C选项“第一次世界大战造成的破坏。”，文中提到“欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩计划减少进口”，是欧洲国家开始在一战后进行恢复导致他们进口产品减少，而不是一战造成的破坏使美国农产品需求下降，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“欧洲国家出口的增加。”，文中提到“欧洲国家开始从第一次世界大战中恢复和制定紧缩计划减少进口”欧洲国家减少了进口，但是文中没有说欧洲国家增加出口，该选项属于无中生有。2. 【选项释义】The chief concern of the American government in the area of agriculture in the 1920s was _. 20世纪20年代，美国政府在农业领域最关心的是_。A. to increase farm production A. 增加农业生产B. to establish agricultural laws B. 制定农业法律C. to prevent farmers from going bankrupt C. 防止农民破产D. to promote the mechanization of agriculture D. 推进农业机械化【答案】C【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“它确立了直接干预供求关系的原则（the principle of direct interference with supply and demand），并代表了第一个为农民提供更大经济稳定性的国家承诺。”由此可推断政府采取直接干预农业供求矛盾，原则上为农民提供更大的经济稳定性，即预防农民破产。因此选C。【干扰项排除】A选项“增加农业生产”，根据文章可知，这段时期农产品需求下降，农产品价格下降，因此政府不可能要增加农业生产，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；B选项“制定农业法律”，政府制定法律的目的是为农民提供更大的经济稳定性的国家承诺，保护他们不破产，该选项属于本末倒置；D选项“推进农业机械化”，文章第一段提到“这一时期对农民来说比以前更糟糕，因为农民不再自给自足。他们购买机器、种子和肥料，也购买消费品。农民购买的产品价格保持不变，而他们收到的产品价格却下降了。”，也就是说他们购买的机器价格不变但是农产品价格下降，因此政府不会推行农业机械化，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰。3.【选项释义】The Agricultural Adjustment Act encouraged American farmers to _. 农业调整法案鼓励美国农民_。A. reduce their scale of production A. 减少他们的生产规模B. make full use of their land B. 充分利用他们的土地C. adjust the prices of their farm products C. 调整农产品价格D. be self-sufficient in agricultural production D. 农业生产实现自给自足【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第三段“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力，这些农民收取费用让他们停止使用自己的土地（take their land out of use）。”由此可知该法案减少农民的权力，让他们停止使用自己的土地，由此可推断该法案让农民减少生产规模。因此选A。【干扰项排除】B选项“充分利用他们的土地”，文章没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“调整农产品价格”，文中提到“故意造成农产品短缺是为了提高价格。”指的是通过农民减少产量导致价格上升，而不是农民自己调整农产品价格，该选项属于过度推断；D选项“农业生产实现自给自足”，文章没有体现，该选项属于无中生有。4. 【选项释义】The Supreme Court rejected the Agricultural Adjustment Act because it believed that the Act _. 大法院驳回了农业调整法案，因为它认为该法案_。A. might cause greater scarcity of farm products A. 可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺B. didnt give the Secretary of Agriculture enough power B. 没有给农业部长足够的权力C. would benefit neither the government nor the farmers C. 对政府和农民都没有好处D. benefited one group of citizens at the expense of others D. 以牺牲他人为代价使一部分公民受益【答案】D【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“最高法院宣布这项法律违宪，理由是征收一般税是为了支付给一个特殊群体。”以及“罗斯福政府认为，重建国家的土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是牺牲其他公民的利益来帮助农民的计划（was not simply a plan to help farmers at the expense of other citizens）。”由此可知该法案是针对一部分人的，牺牲其他公民利益来帮助农民，因此推断是牺牲他人使一部分公民受益。因此选D。【干扰项排除】A选项“可能会导致更严重的农产品短缺”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；B选项“没有给农业部长足够的权力”，文中提及“这项法律赋予农业部长通过与农民自愿达成协议来减少产量的权力”，说明农业部长有足够的权力，该选项与原文意思相反，该选项属于反向干扰C选项“对政府和农民都没有好处”，文中提及“罗斯福政府认为，重建国家的土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是牺牲其他公民的利益来帮助农民的计划。”，说明该法案对农民是有好处的，该选项属于反向干扰。5. 【选项释义】It was claimed that the new laws passed during the Roosevelt Administration were aimed at _. 据称，罗斯福政府时期通过的新法律旨在_。A. reducing the cost of farming A. 降低农业成本B. conserving soil in the long-term interest of the nation B. 从国家长远利益出发，保护土壤C. lowering the burden of farmers C. 减轻农民负担D. helping farmers without shifting the burden onto other taxpayers D. 帮助农民而不将负担转嫁给其他纳税人【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“然而，新的法律立即通过，达到了同样的结果，休养土壤和提供防洪措施，但这些是基于土壤保护的原则（based on the principle of soil conservation）。”由此可知新法律旨在保护土壤，因此B选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“降低农业成本”，文章没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；C选项“减轻农民负担”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；D选项“帮助农民而不将负担转嫁给其他纳税人”可以定位到第三段倒数第二句“罗斯福政府相信重建国家的土地符合国家利益，而不仅仅是以牺牲其他公民为代价帮助农民的计划。”可知罗斯福政府时期通过的新法律确实将负担转接给其他纳税人了，所以文章在第三段第五句才提到“最高法院宣布这项法律违宪，理由是征收一般税是为了支付给一个特殊群体。”，D选项中的“不将负担转嫁给其他纳税人”和原文相悖，属于反向干扰。4. 单选题After Los Angeles, Atlanta may be Americas most car-dependent city. Atlantans sentimentally give their cars names; compare speeding tickets and jealously guard any side-street where it is possible to park. The citys roads are so well worn that the first act of the new mayor, Shirley Franklin, was to start repairing potholes. In 1998, 13 metro counties lost federal highway funds because their air-pollution levels violated the Clean Air Act. The American Highway Users Alliance ranked three Atlanta interchanges among the 18 worst bottlenecks in the country.Other cities in the same fix have reorganized their highways, imposed commuter and car taxes, or expanded their public-transport systems. Atlanta does not like any of these things. Public transport is a vexed subject, too. Atlantas metropolitan region is divided into numerous county and smaller city governments, which find it hard to work together. Railways now serve the city center and the airport, but not much else; bus stops are often near invisible poles, offering no indication of which bus might stop there, or when.Georgias Democratic governor, Roy Barnes, who hopes for re-election in November, has other plans. To win back the federal highway money lost under the Clean Air Act, he created the Georgia Regional Transportation Authority (GRTA), a 15-member board with the power to make the county governments, the city and the ten-county Atlanta Regional Commission cooperate on transport plans, whether they like it or not.Now GRTA has issued its own preliminary plan, allocating $4.5 billion over the next three years for a variety of schemes. The plan earmarks money to widen roads; to have an electric shuttle bus shuttle tourists among the elegant villas of Buck head; and to create a commuter rail link between Atlanta and Macon, two hours to the south. Counties will be encouraged, with generous ten-to-one matching funds, to start express bus services.Public goodwill, however, may not stretch a