2022-2023年考博英语-吉林大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第31期

2022-2023年考博英语-吉林大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The boy answered all my questions with complete （ ）.问题1选项A.insuranceB.securityC.assuranceD.safety【答案】C【解析】考察名词词义辨析。insurance“保险，保险费”；security“安全，保证”；assurance “保证，担保，确信”；safety “安全，保险”。句意：这个小男孩自信地回答了我所有的问题。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题You should know better than（ ） your little sister at home by herself.问题1选项A.to leaveB.leavingC.to have leftD.left【答案】A【解析】考察固定搭配。know better than to do “不至于不知道”。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The （ ）of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually makes jobs easier to do.问题1选项A.additionB.applicationC.associationD.affection【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。addition “添加”；application “应用；申请”；association “协会；联盟”；affection “感情；影响”。句意：新的科学发现应用在工业生产上使得工作更容易。选项B符合题意。4. 单选题Communication is the process of a message（ ） from a source to an audience via a channel.问题1选项A.shiftingB.transmittingC.submittingD.transforming【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。shift “转移；改变；替换”；transmit “传输；传播”；submit “使服从；呈递”；transform “改变，使变形；转换”。句意：通信是消息通过渠道从出处传播给观众的过程。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题One of the requirements for a fire is that the material（ ）to its burning temperature.问题1选项A.be heatedB.is heatedC.would heatedD.to heated【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。requirement为主语，所以后面应该使用虚拟语气，后面的动词形式是should do，表示 “要求 ，其中should是可以省略的。Material与heat之间应该是被动语态，所以应该是should be heated，其中should可以省略，所以选项A符合题意。6. 单选题In 1915 Einstein made a trip to Gottingen to give some lectures at the invitation of the mathematical physicist David Hilbert. He was particularly eager too eager, it would turn （1）to explain all the intricacies of relativity to him. The visit was a triumph, and he said to a friend excitedly. “I was able to（2） Hilbert of the general theory of relativity.” （3）all of Einsteins personal turmoil at the time, a new scientific anxiety was about to （4）. He was struggling to find the right equations that would （5） his new concept of gravity, （6）that would define how objects move（7）space and how space is curved by objects. By the end of the summer, he（8）the mathematical approach he had been （9）for almost three years was flawed. And now there was a（10）pressure. Einstein discovered to his （11）that Hilbert had taken what he had lectures and was racing to come up （12）the correct equations first.It was an enormously complex task. Although Einstein was the better physicist, Hilbert was the better mathematician. So in October 1915 Einstein （13）himself into a month-long-frantic endeavor in（14）he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy and wrestled with equations, proofs, corrections and updates that he（15）to give a lecture to Berlins Prussian Academy of Sciences on four（16）Thursdays.His first lecture was delivered on Nov.4.1915, and it explained his new approach, （17）he admitted he did not yet have the precise mathematical formulation on it. Einstein also took time off from（18）revising his equations to engage in an awkward fandango with his competitor Hilbert. Worried （19）being scooped, he sent Hilbert a copy of his Nov.4 lecture. “I am（20）to know whether you will take kindly to this new solution”. Einstein noted with a touch of defensiveness.问题1选项A.upB.overC.outD.off问题2选项A.convinceB.counselC.persuadeD.preach问题3选项A.AboveB.AroundC.AmidD.Along问题4选项A.emitB.emergeC.submitD.submerge问题5选项A.imitateB.igniteC.describeD.ascribe问题6选项A.onesB.thoseC.allD.none问题7选项A.intoB.beyondC.amongD.through问题8选项A.resolvedB.realizedC.acceptedD.assured问题9选项A.pursuingB.protectingC.contestingD.contending问题10选项A.complexB.compatibleC.comparativeD.competitive问题11选项A.humorB.horrorC.excitementD.extinction问题12选项A.toB.forC.withD.against问题13选项A.threwB.thrustC.huddledD.hopped问题14选项A.howB.thatC.whatD.which问题15选项A.dashedB.dartedC.rushedD.reeled问题16选项A.successiveB.progressiveC.extensiveD.repetitive问题17选项A.soB.sinceC.thoughD.because问题18选项A.casuallyB.coarselyC.violentlyD.furiously问题19选项A.afterB.aboutC.onD.in问题20选项A.curiousB.consciousC.ambitiousD.ambiguous【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:D第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:D第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】（1）考查动词词组辨析。turn up “出现”；turn over “打翻，移交”；turn out to “被证明是”；turn off “关掉”。空格处所在句子的句意是：结果证明，他极其渴望向希尔伯特解释相对论的所有错综复杂的关系。选项C符合题意。（2）考查动词词义辨析。convince “说服，使确信”；counsel “建议，劝告”；persuade “劝说，劝某人相信”；preach “说教，传道”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我成功地让希尔伯特相信了相对论。convince sb. of sth. “说服某人相信某事”。选项A符合题意。（3）考查介词词义辨析。amid意为“在 中”；above意为“ 在 上面”；around意为“在 周围”；along意为“顺着，沿着”。空格处所在句子的句意是：那时在爱因斯坦的所有焦躁之中，一种新的科学上的焦虑将要显现出来。选项C符合题意。（4）考查动词词义辨析。emit “发出，放射”；emerge “出现，形成，浮现”；submit “提交，服从”；submerge“浸没，把 浸入”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第33题，选项B符合题意。（5）考查动词词义辨析。imitate “模仿，效仿”；ignite “点火，点燃，使激动”；describe “描述，形容”；ascribe“ 归因于，归咎于”。空格处所在句子的句意是：他正试图找到正确的方程式来解释他的引力的新概念。选项C符合题意。（6）考查替代词的用法。空格处的替代词所代替的内容是前文的 the right equations,因此在选项A与B中选择。Those 与 that 通常用作指示代词，用作替代词时，总是伴随着限定性的后置修饰语，此处用those不符合。所以选项A符合题意。（7）考查固定搭配。move through “在 范围内运动”。选项D符合题意。（8）考查动词词义辨析。resolve “决心，决定”；realize “意识到，体会到”；accept“接受，认可”；assure “确保，保证”。空格处所在句子句意是：在夏末之际，他意识到他追寻了三年之久的数学方法存在缺陷。选项B符合题意。（9）考查动词词义辨析。pursue “从事，追求”；protect “保护”；contest “争辩，竞赛”；contend“斗争，竞争”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第38题。选项A符合题意。（10）考查形容词词义辨析。complex “复杂的，综合的”；compatible “兼容的，能共处的”；comparative “比较的，相当的”；competitive “竞争的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：竞争压力很大。选项D符合题意。（11）考查名词词义辨析。humor “幽默，诙谐”；horror “惊骇，恐惧”；excitement“激动，兴奋”；extinction “消失，消灭”。空格处所在句子的句意是：让他感到恐惧的是，希尔伯特采取了从他讲座中学到的知识正在试图最先得出正确的方程式。选项B符合题意。（12）考查固定搭配。come up with “提出，想出”。选项C符合题意。（13）考查固定搭配。throw oneself into “投身于 ”，选项A符合题意。（14）考查从句的连接词。通过分析句子可知，in _44_ he returned to an earlier mathematical strategy在句子中充当定语，来修饰endeavor。定语从句的连接词从选项B与D中选，其中 that 不放在介词后面，所以选项D符合题意。（15）考查动词词义辨析。dash “猛冲”；dart “投掷”；rush “匆忙地做，冲进”；reel“ 旋转，退缩”。空格处所在句子的句意是：他急切地去普鲁士科学院做了四个连续的星期四的讲座。选项C符合题意。（16）考查形容词词义辨析。successive “连续的，继承的”；progressive “前进的，进步的”；extensive “广泛的，广阔的”；repetitive “重复的，反复性的”。空格处所在句子的句意参考第45题。选项A符合题意。（17）考查前后逻辑关系。空格处所在句子的句意是：尽管他还没有精确的数学公式。与前文存在让步的逻辑关系，选项C符合题意。（18）考查副词词义辨析。casually “偶然地，随便地”；coarsely “粗俗地，鄙俗地”；violently “猛烈地，激烈地”；furiously “激烈地，猛烈地”。空格处所在句子的句意是：在近乎疯狂的学术研究过程中，爱因斯坦还抽出一些时间和他的竞争对手希尔伯特调侃。选项D符合题意。（19）考查固定搭配。worry about “为 担心”。选项B符合题意。（20）考查形容词词义辨析。curious “好奇的，求知的”；conscious “有意识的，故意的”；ambitious “野心勃勃的，有雄心的”；ambiguous “含糊的，不确定的”。空格处所在句子的句意是：我很好奇你是不是会友好地对待这一个新的解决方案。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题（ ） in India, the banana was brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who found it in Africa.问题1选项A.Originally cultivatedB.Originally being cultivatedC.Having originally cultivatedD.Although it originally cultivated【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时 the banana，从四个选项可知 cultivate 是一个关键词，其与 the banana的关系是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是 was 过去时，因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题The employer must（ ） that the applications for the post have the proper qualifications.问题1选项A.justifyB.verifyC.warrantD.perceive【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。justify “证明 是正当的；替 辩护”；verify “核实； 查证”；warrant “保证；担保”；perceive “察觉，感觉”。句意：雇主必须核实针对该岗位的申请都有适合的资质。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So,as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our onceproud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so on accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability of people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective, that internal restrains such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaims: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done.Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.1.What the wise man said suggests that（ ）.2.According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crim（ ）.3.Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have（ ）.4.The writer is sorry to have noticed that（ ）.5.The key point of the passage is that（ ）.问题1选项A.its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilB.its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itC.its only natural for virtue to defeat evilD.its desirable for good men to keep away from evil问题2选项A.society is to be held responsibleB.modern civilization is responsible for itC.the criminal himself should bear the blameD.the standards of living should be improved问题3选项A.less self-disciplineB.better sense of disciplineC.more mutual respectD.less effective government问题4选项A.people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsB.people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsC.todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyD.people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities问题5选项A.stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesB.more good examples should be set for people to followC.more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviorD.more people should accept the value of accountability【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一句话a wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing 提到曾经以为智者说过坏人胜利的唯一条件是好人什么都不做。选项B符合题意。2.文章最后一段提到在美国急需更多的人知道犯罪的人应该自己承担责任。选项C符合题意。3.文章第七段yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening提到城市和城镇中，人们越来越缺乏自律。选项A符合题意。4.文章倒数第三段提到几十年前，当罪犯犯罪之后，社会被认为是受害者，而现在，罪犯反而被认为是受害者，罪犯得到开脱，作者认为这是令人震惊的。由此可见，作者对这种情况是非常不满的。所以选项A符合题意。5.文章主要的目的是提醒人们应该承担责任，并且对于为罪犯开脱这种做法很不满，认为犯罪的人应该承担相应的责任。不然长此以往，犯罪会增多，社会也会面临瓦解。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Doctors are often under sharp criticism nowadays for people believe they always （ ） too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。prescribe “规定；开药；开处方”；order “命令；整理；定购”；deliver “交付；递送”；advise “建议”。句意：如今医生经常遭受尖锐的批评，因为人们认为他们总是针对小病开很多药。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Miss Helen always buys（ ）priced clothes.问题1选项A.higherB.highC.highestD.highly【答案】D【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：海伦小姐经常买高价的衣服。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题The microscope can（ ） the object 50 times in diameter.问题1选项A.increaseB.multiplyC.enlargeD.magnify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。increase “增加；加大”；multiply “乘；使增加；使繁殖；使相乘”；enlarge “扩大；使增大；扩展”；magnify “放大；夸大”。句意：显微镜可以使物体在直径上放大50倍。选项D符合题意。13. 单选题You must remember not to（ ） from the point when you write an essay.问题1选项A.go astrayB.wanderC.divergeD.go off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析、动词词义辨析。go astray “走入歧途；迷路”；wander “徘徊，漫步，迷路”；diverge “分化；分歧，相异；偏离”；go off “离开，进行；变质”。句意：你必须记住当你写论文的时候不要偏离主题。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题（ ）this, everything is order.问题1选项A.ExceptB.BesidesC.Except forD.but【答案】C【解析】考查语法知识。这个题主要考查except 和except for 的用法。二者均表示“除 以外”。Except 后面接的词与主语一般是同类型；except for 后接的词与句子主语不是同类。从题目中可以分析出前后不是同一种类的事物，所以选项C符合题意。15. 单选题The football match was televised （ ）from the Government stadium.问题1选项A.aliveB.liveC.lifeD.lively【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。alive “活着的，有活力的”；live “现场直播的”；life “生活，生命”；lively “活泼的，生动的”。句意：这场足球比赛正从政府体育场现场直播。选项B符合题意。16. 单选题“The ancient Hawaiians were astronomers”, wrote Queen Liliuokalani, Hawaiis last reigning monarch, in 1897. Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society. Sadly, all is not well with astronomy in Hawaii today. Protests have erupted over construction of the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT), a giant observatory that promises to revolutionize humanitys view of the cosmos.At issue is the TMTs planned location on Mauna Kea, dormant volcano worshiped by some Hawaiians as the piko that connects the Hawaiian Islands to the heavens. But Mauna Kea is also home to some of the worlds most powerful telescopes. Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity.Opposition to telescopes on Mauna Kea is nothing new. A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation.Some blame for the current controversy belongs to astronomers. In their eagerness to build bigger telescopes, they forgot that science is the only way of understanding the world. They did not always prioritize the protection of Mauna Keas fragile ecosystems or its holiness to the islands inhabitants. Hawaiian culture is not a relic of the past; it is a living culture undergoing a renaissance today.Yet science has a cultural history, too, with roots going back to the dawn of civilization. The same curiosity to find to what lies beyond the horizon that first brought early Polynesians to Hawaiis shores inspires astronomers today to explore the heavens. Calls to disassemble all telescopes on Mauna Kea or to ban future development there ignore the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going. Perhaps that is why we explore the starry skies, as if answering a primal calling to know ourselves and our true ancestral homes.The astronomy community is making compromises to change it use of Mauna Kea. The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact. To limit the number of telescopes on Mauna Kea, old ones will be removed at the end of their lifetimes and their sites returned to a natural state. There is no reason why everyone cannot be welcomed on Mauna Kea to embrace their cultural heritage and to study the stars.1.Queen Liliuokalanis remark in Paragraph 1 indicates,（ ） .2.Mauna Kea is deemed as an ideal astronomical site due to （ ）.3.The construction of the TMT is opposed by some locals partly because （ ）.4.It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that progress in todays astronomy（ ） .5.The authors attitude toward choosing Mauna Kea as the TMT site is one of （ ）.问题1选项A.the conservative view on the historical role of astronomy.B.the importance of astronomy in ancient Hawaiian society.C.the regrettable decline of astronomy in ancient times.D.her appreciation of star watchers feats in her time.问题2选项A.its geographical featuresB.its protective surroundingsC.its religious implicationsD.its existing infrastructure问题3选项A.it may risk ruining their intellectual lifeB.it reminds them of a humiliating history.C.their culture will lose a chance of revivalD.they fear losing control of Mauna Kea问题4选项A.is fulfilling the dreams of ancient Hawaiians.B.helps spread Hawaiian culture across the worldC.may uncover the origin of Hawaiian cultureD.will eventually soften Hawaiians hostility.问题5选项A.severe criticismB.passive acceptanceC.slight hesitancyD.full approval【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段Star watchers were among the most esteemed members ofHawaiian society提到观星人曾是夏威夷社会中最受人尊敬的群体，由此可以推测出当时天文学在夏威夷的重要性，选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段提到了莫纳克亚山的优越位置使得它成为理想的天文观测点（Rested in the Pacific Ocean, Mauna Keas peak rises above the bulk of our planets dense atmosphere, where conditions allow telescopes to obtain images of unsurpassed clarity）。选项A符合题意。3.文章第三段A small but vocal group of Hawaiians and environments have long viewed their presence as disrespect for sacred land and a painful reminder of the occupation of what was once a sovereign nation提到少数夏威夷人和环保主义者把那些天文望远镜看作是对那边神圣土地的亵渎，并且会让他们想到这个曾经的主权国家被占领的惨痛经历，所以选项B “让人想起一段羞辱的历史”符合题意。4.文章第五段the reality that astronomy and Hawaiian culture both seek to answer big questions about who we are, where we come from and where we are going提到天文学和夏威夷文化都在试图回答我们是谁，我们从何处来，去往何处这些重大的问题，由此可以推断现在的天文学和夏威夷文化一样都揭示了相关的起源问题。选项C符合题意。5.文章最后一段The TMT site was chosen to minimize the telescopes visibility around the island and to avoid archaeological and environmental impact提到TMT的选址将最大程度缩小天文望远镜在岛上的可见度，来避免对考古及环境产生的影响，由此可推测作者对此是全力支持的，选项D符合题意。17. 单选题Who won the World Cup 2002 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? （1）an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets（2）the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to（3） the news.Newspapers have one basic（4）, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to（5） it. Radio, telegraph, television, the Internet and（6）inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication （7）, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the（8）and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are（9）and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers（10）of the latest news, todays newspapers（11）and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers economic choices （12）advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very（13）Newspapers are sold at a price that（14） to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main（15）of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The（16） in selling advertising depends on a newspapers value to advertisers. This（17）in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper?