2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第21期

2022-2023年考博英语-福建师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Distrusting women, he remained a （ ）all his life.问题1选项A.marshalB.banditC.bachelorD.burglar【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。marshal意为“元帅”；bandit意为“土匪，强盗”；bachelor意为“未婚男子，单身汉，学士”；burglar意为“窃贼”。句意：由于不信任女人，他做了一辈子单身汉。2. 单选题The laughter at his jokes is never forced, but always（ ）.问题1选项A.homogeneousB.simultaneousC.spontaneousD.instantaneous【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。homogeneous意为“同性质的，同类的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生的，同时存在的”；spontaneous意为“自发的”；instantaneous意为“瞬间的”。句意：他讲笑话时人们从来不是被迫笑的，而是自发的笑。3. 单选题Every member of society has to make a （ ）to struggle for the freedom of the country.问题1选项A.warrantyB.guaranteeC.resolveD.pledge【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。warranty意为“保证，担保”，通常指承诺退款，类似质保；guarantee意为“保证，担保”，通常指只负责修理，类似保修；resolve意为“决定”；pledge意为“保证，誓言”，make a pledge意为“宣誓，发誓”。句意：每个社会成员都必须宣誓为国家自由而奋斗。4. 单选题When a psychologist does a general experiment about the human mind, he selects people（ ）and asks them questions.问题1选项A.at lengthB.at randomC.in essenceD.in bulk【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。at length意为“充分地”；at random意为“任意地，随便地”；in essence意为“本质上，大体上”；in bulk意为“大量，整批”。句意：当心理学家要做一个关于人类思维的常规实验时，他会随机地选择人并问他们问题。5. 单选题A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should （ ）new operating procedures.问题1选项A.result inB.match withC.subject toD.proceed with【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。result in意为“引起，导致”；match with意为“与相配，与一致”；subject to意为“使服从，使遭受”；proceed with意为“继续做”。句意：对事故原因进行全面调查会导致标准改善和操作新程序的产生。6. 问答题In spite of (A) his aged (B) appearance, his movements were as spirited (C) as a young man (D).【答案】试题答案：D; a young mans【解析】考查比较级。as.as意为“与一样”，his movements（他的动作）不能与a young man（年轻人）进行比较，应与a young mans movements比较，为了避免重复，此处可将a young mans movements中的movements省略，改为a young mans。7. 单选题About one-third of the adult homeless are（ ）mentally ill, and about half are alcoholic or abuse drugs.问题1选项A.chronicallyB.sparselyC.adequatelyD.individually【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。chronically意为“慢性地，习惯性地，长期地”；sparsely意为“稀疏地，节省地”；adequately意为“足够地”；individually意为“分别地，单独地”。句意：大约三分之一的无家可归的人患有慢性精神病，而且大约有一半是酗酒或吸毒的。8. 单选题A major reason for conflict in the animal world is territory. The male animal _21_ an area. The size of the area is _ 22_ to provide food for him, his _23_ and their offspring. Migrating birds, for example, divide up the best territory in the order of “first come, first _24_”. The late arrivals may acquire 25_territories, but less food is available, or they are too close to the _26_of the enemies of the species.When there is _27_ over territory, animals will commonly use force, or a _28_ of force, to decide which will stay and which will go. It is interesting to note, _29_, that animals seem to use only the 30_amount of force necessary to drive away the intruder. There is usually no killing. In the _31_ of those animals which are capable of doing each other great harm, there is a _32_ for the losing animal to show the winning animals that he wishes to submit. When he shows this, the _33_ normally stops fighting. Animals (especially birds), which can _34_ escape from conflict seem to have no _35_ against killing, and equally no mechanism for _36_. The losing bird simply flies away. However, if two doves are _37 in a cage, and they start fighting, they will continue to fight until one kills the other. We all think of the dove as a _38_ of peace and, _39_ its natural habitat, it is peaceful. But the “peace” mechanism does not _40_ in a cage.问题1选项A.establishesB.buildsC.foundsD.erects问题2选项A.largeB.wideC.enoughD.sufficient问题3选项A.wifeB.mateC.friendD.neighbor问题4选项A.usedB.gotC.servedD.gained问题5选项A.largerB.betterC.smallerD.worse问题6选项A.placesB.nestsC.residencesD.habitats问题7选项A.conflictB.fightC.argumentD.war问题8选项A.practicesB.proofC.showD.comparison问题9选项A.thenB.thereforeC.in additionD.however问题10选项A.minimumB.greatC.littleD.much问题11选项A.wayB.caseC.eventD.manner问题12选项A.systemB.deviceC.methodD.solution问题13选项A.killerB.loserC.victorD.successor问题14选项A.hardlyB.neverC.narrowlyD.easily问题15选项A.preventionB.obstacleC.stopD.way问题16选项A.submissionB.fightingC.stoppingD.winning问题17选项A.stationedB.perchedC.placedD.deposited问题18选项A.signB.signalC.symbolD.mark问题19选项A.inB.byC.atD.on问题20选项A.appearB.continueC.applyD.work【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A第6题:D第7题:A第8题:C第9题:D第10题:A第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:D第15题:B第16题:A第17题:C第18题:C第19题:A第20题:D【解析】21.考查动词辨析。establish侧重稳固地建成，可具体指国家、政府、学校或商店等的建立，也可指信仰、信用、名誉、法律、制度、规则等的建立；build一般指建立，修建；found侧重打下基础或创办；erect指对高而垂直物的建造。此处表示“雄性动物建立领地”，因此选A。22.考查形容词辨析。enough侧重分量或数量的足够，多指希望的满足。sufficient侧重数目或数量达到某一特定要求或需要。此处表示“这个领地的面积满足需求”，因此选D。23.考查逻辑关系。由前面的the male animal（雄性动物）以及空格后的their offspring（他们的后代）可知此处指的是the male animal的配偶，因此选B。24.考查固定搭配。“first come, first served”为固定搭配，意为“先到先得”。25.考查逻辑关系。根据“but less food is available, or they are too close to（但可供食用的食物较少，要么就太接近）”中的but可知less与空格处是对应的，因此选A。26.考查名词辨析。place意为“地方”；nest意为“（鸟）窝”；residence意为“住处，住宅”；habitat意为“（动物的）栖息地，住处”。此处表示“离天敌的栖息地非常近”，因此选D。27.考查名词辨析。conflict意为“冲突，矛盾”；fight意为“打仗，战斗”；argument意为“争吵，争论”；war意为“战争”。根据文章句中的A major reason for conflict in the animal world可知选A，与前文相照应。28.考查名词辨析。practice意为“实践，练习”；proof意为“证明，证据”；show意为“表明，展示”；comparison意为“比较，对照”。此处表示“通过武力的比较，决定谁留下谁会去”，因此选C。29.考查逻辑关系。空格前面句意为“很有趣地注意到”，空格后面句意为“动物似乎只使用”，可知此处为转折关系，因此填however（然而）。30.考查逻辑关系。由后面的There is usually no killing.（通常不会有杀戮）可推测前面使用武力解决问题时，并不会想把对方置之死地，只要赶走对方即可，因此选A，表示用最少的武力驱赶入侵者。31.考查固定搭配。in the case of为固定搭配，意为“至于，就来说”。32.考查名词辨析。system意为“体系，系统”；device意为“装置，设备”；method意为“方法”；solution意为“解决，解答”。空格处与后面的mechanism（体系，机制）相对应，因此选A。33.考查逻辑关系。由前面的“输掉的动物向获胜的动物展示他愿意屈服”可知当输掉的动物这样做时，获胜的动物通常会停止战斗，因此填victor（胜利者）。34.考查逻辑关系。此处表示怎样从冲突中逃跑，可从后面句中的The losing bird simply flies away中的simply（简单地）得到答案，应填simply的近义词，因此选D。35.考查名词辨析。prevention意为“预防，防止”；obstacle意为“障碍，阻碍”；stop意为“停止”；way意为“方法”。此处指能够容易地从战斗中逃跑，没有任何障碍物，因此选B。36.考查逻辑关系。由前面可知动物中有一套体系，输了的动物向获胜的动物表示屈服（he wishes to submit.），通常可以停止战斗，可知此处填submit的名词形式，因此选A。37.考查动词辨析。station意为“派驻，使驻扎”；perch意为“栖息，停留”；place意为“安置，放置”；deposit意为“放下，放置”，强调“存储”。此处表示“如果把两只鸽子放在一起”，因此选C。38.考查名词辨析。sign意为“迹象，征兆”；signal意为“暗号，信号”；symbol意为“象征，符号”；mark意为“标记”。此处表示“鸽子是和平的象征”，因此选C。39.考查介词辨析。in表示在某个范围之内，后面接大地点；on表示在某个平面上或与一个面相接触；at表示在某个具体的场所或地点，后面接小地点。此处表示“在它的自然栖息地内”，因此选A。40.考查动词辨析。appear意为“出现，显现”；continue意为“持续”；apply意为“应用，运用”；work意为“使工作，使运作”。此处表示“这个和平体系不起作用”，因此选D。9. 单选题Nuclear wastes are considered to （ ）a threat to human health and marine life.问题1选项A.exposeB.applyC.imposeD.pose【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。expose意为“揭露，揭发”；apply意为“应用，运用”；impose意为“推行，迫使，利用”；pose意为“造成(威胁、问题等)，引起，产生”。句意：核废料被认为对人类健康和海洋生物造成威胁。10. 单选题I dont think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in（ ）to its size.问题1选项A.correspondenceB.equationC.proportionD.dimension【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。correspondence意为“一致，符合”；equation意为“方程式，等式，相等”；proportion意为“份额，比例”，in proportion to意为“与成比例，与相称”；dimension意为“尺寸，规模”。句意：相对于它的尺寸来说，我认为大修这个设备所花的费用并不过分。11. 单选题The worker agreed to （ ）the strike if the company would satisfy their demands.问题1选项A.call forB.call forthC.call offD.call up【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。call for意为“接（人），呼吁，需要”；call forth意为“唤起，引起”；call off意为“取消”；call up意为“打电话，召集”。句意：如果公司能满足他们的要求，工人们就同意取消罢工。12. 单选题There has been some insensible people who attempt to end their pains （ ）through suicide.问题1选项A.heart and soulB.on the wholeC.by and largeD.once for all【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析。heart and soul意为“全心全意，完全地”；on the whole意为“大体上，基本上”；by and large意为“总的来说，大体而言”；once for all意为“一劳永逸地，彻底地，只此一次”。句意：有一些麻木不仁的人试图通过自杀一次性地结束他们的痛苦。13. 问答题Despite (A) his low opinion of (B) professors or perhaps in (C) an effort to improve the breed Smith himself eventually became it (D).【答案】试题答案：D; one【解析】考查代词用法。it用以指特定的物，即上下文提到的、同名称的、同样事物的那个名词，而不是同类事物的其他东西。one表示泛指，指同名称中的另一事物。此处表示Smith自己最后也成为了一名教授，不是指代前文的professors，因此用one。14. 翻译题Translate the following into Chinese.Before you got the idea that economics is relevant only for politics or businesses, we should mention that economics focuses on all the choices people make and the personal and social consequences of these choices.We believe that when you finish this book, you will join us in the view that the economic way of thinking offers valuable insight into our everyday interactions with one another producing, consuming, voting and striving for the good life.One seemed to know little about the book, but a great many people knew apparently that Peggy was at work on something and that was enough to bring cordial, even insistent, recommendation to their lips.Making a movie costs much more than cutting an album. So as the world become richer, the relative market share of Hollywood movies will probable fall more than the relative market share of American popular music.It is very difficult to agree on the price for shares to be bought because the purchasing party will lack the necessary information as to the financial status and other characteristics of the share- issuing corporation, and because the net value of the shares will change constantly from the date of the agreement to the date of closing.【答案】在你认为经济学只与政治或企业相关之前，我们应该指出，经济学关注的是人们所做的所有选择，以及这些选择对个人和社会的影响。我们相信，当你读完这本书时，你会跟我们有一样的观点，认为以经济的方式来思考会为人们各种日常交流提供宝贵的洞察力，包括生产、消费、选举和为好生活的奋斗。一个人似乎对这本书知之甚少，但许多人显然知道“佩吉”在做些什么，这足以给他们带来热忱的，甚至是迫切的推荐之言。制作一部电影比剪辑一张专辑要贵得多。因此，随着世界变得更加富裕，好莱坞电影的相关市场股票可能会比美国流行音乐相关市场股份下降得更多。由于购买方缺乏关于股票的财务状况和股票发行公司其他特征的必要信息，所以很难就购买股票的价格达成一致。而且，由于股票的净值从交易之日到交易结束之日是不断变化的。15. 问答题The teacher said that if (A)we believed something was (B)true and good we should (C) hold on to them (D).【答案】试题答案：D; it【解析】考查代词用法。something意为“某物，某事”，其不定代词要用单数代词it，不能用them。16. 问答题Human beings are social (A) animals who usually prefer not living (B) in (C) physical or psychological isolation (D).【答案】试题答案：B; to live【解析】考查固定搭配。prefer to do sth.意为“更喜欢做某事”。17. 单选题Neither of these reasons （ ）our allowing him to pass after he did so poorly in the physics examination.问题1选项A.rectifiesB.notifiesC.signifiesD.justifies【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。rectify意为“改正，校正”；notify意为“通报，通知”；signify意为“说明，预示，表达”；justify意为“证明正确(或正当、有理)，为辩护”。句意：他在物理考试中表现这么差之后，这两个原因都不是我们允许他通过的理由。18. 问答题We are willing to (A) share whatever (B) we know, no matter how it might be little (C), with anyone who is in need of that (D) knowledge or skill.【答案】试题答案：C; how little it might be【解析】考查词序。no matter how表示“无论如何”，引导让步状语从句，no matter how后面接形容词或副词+句子。19. 单选题Professor Kumar Bhatt, founder and head of Warwick Manufacturing Group (WMC), and RobMeakin a personnel director at Marconi, have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate. The New Knowledge Partnership will include a team of 40 Marconi managers in what Professor Bhatt calls electronic engineering management or E2. A wide range of engineering and non-engineering companies has expressed interest in these exciting programs, professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing the business environment to a huge extent. Many chief executives do not understand the power of the new technologies and in some cases, are actually resisting change. He says that “as long as enough industry leaders realize its potential benefits, e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals. Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.”Already Britain makes more use of computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM) and management information technology system than other European countries, and has a government that actively promotes e-business. But, observes Professor Bhatt, Britain has never used technology as a growth driver. “The thing about electronic engineering management is that you can keep your legacy systems; you just need to link those systems with an information engine. At the touch of a button it will allow project managers to see the status of a project, identify problems precisely and make virtually immediate decisions based on information that will be much more complete than in the past.”The E2 program is the result of an alliance by the Warwick Manufacturing Group with Americas leading e-commerce study center, Carnegie Mellon. The latter will be responsible for training many of the Marconi managers in America, where the group has half its business. In Britain. Professor Bhatt has linked up with Sun Microsystems, Oracle and Parametric Technology, to set up a multi-million pound E2 design and manufacturing center at the university which will be used for training and research.Professor Bhatt believes that e-commerce is changing business to such an extent that WMG is likely to be renamed Warwick Electronic Manufacturing Group. But, he warns: “The move to globalize because of e-commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.”1.What is the purpose of E2 course?2.Why does Bhatt say that e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain?3.According to the passage, what do you know about e-business in Britain?4.According to the passage, which of the following is true?5.According to that last passage, what is Bhatts attitude towards e-commerce?问题1选项A.Teach electronic engineering management.B.Train engineers and managers to be acquainted with e-commerce.C.Train engineers and managers to be engineers and managers.D.Teach engineers and managers about developing partnership.问题2选项A.Because many business leaders have shown their interest in this.B.Because it can strengthen the companies competitiveness.C.Because more people will learn e-commerce style.D.Because new information technologies can greatly improve industrial productivity.问题3选项A.E-business has eliminated many competitive rivals.B.E-business has done many benefits to big companiesC.Many companies have joined in the E-business program.D.E-business has great potential and will make changes in the country.问题4选项A.Britain can be competitive to US in the area of information technology.B.Britain has already taken the advantages of running engineering management.C.As with many other European countries, Britain has made use of computer-aided systems.D.E-business has offered opportunities to European countries to eliminate the competitiveness gap with all the rivals.问题5选项A.He thinks it as a precise opportunity only to Britain.B.He thinks that it is not as a good opportunity as people think.C.He thinks it is not only good for Britain but also a precise opportunity for other countries.D.He does not consider it a good opportunity in the long run.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的have developed a partnership to train engineers and managers to become elite rate（建立了合作伙伴关系，培训工程师和管理人员成为精英）可知D选项“教工程师和经理如何发展伙伴关系”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的e-business will make possible a second productivity revolution in Britain. This could take the economy close to eliminating the still substantial competitiveness gap with its main rivals.（电子商务将使英国的第二次生产力革命成为可能。这可能会使经济接近消除与主要竞争对手的巨大竞争力差距）可知B选项“因为它可以增强企业的竞争力”符合题意。3.推理判断题。由文章第二段中的Britain has never used technology as a growth driver.（英国从未将科技作为经济增长的动力）可知D选项“电子商务有着巨大的潜力，并将在这个国家发生变化”符合题意。4.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Over the last five years in the US there has been a 30% improvement in manufacturing sector productivity because of information technology. In Britain we can achieve more than that and successful e-business will be worth billions to the UK economy.（在过去五年中，由于信息技术，美国制造业的生产率提高了30%。在英国，我们可以取得更多成就，成功的电子商务将对英国经济带来数十亿美元的收益）可知A选项“在信息技术领域，英国可以比美国更有竞争力”符合题意。5.观点态度题。由文章最后一段中的The move to globalize because of e commerce is racing ahead. Although the net allows British industry to overtake their European peers, it also offers Asian countries to leapfrog the West. For the first time it is not the privilege of the Western world because this technology is universal.（由于电子商务而走向全球化的步伐正在加快。尽管网络允许英国工业超越欧洲同行，但它也为亚洲国家提供了超越西方的机会。这是第一次它不是西方世界的特权，因为这项技术是普遍的）可知C选项“他认为这不仅对英国有利，而且对其他国家来说也是一个确切的机会”正确。20. 单选题When trapped in drifting sands, do not struggle, or you will be （ ）in deeper.问题1选项A.absorbedB.pushedC.heavedD.sucked【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。absorb意为“吸收（液体、气体等）”；push意为“推，推动”；heave意为“举起”；suck意为“ 吸取，吸入，卷进入”，be sucked in意为“被吸进，被卷入”。句意：当被困在流沙中时，不要挣扎，否则你回被吸进去更深。