2022-2023年考博英语-西北农林科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第16期

2022-2023年考博英语-西北农林科技大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 写作题Directions: Write a short essay of about 300 words on the following topic. Do remember to provide a title for your essay. Write your essay on the ANSWER SHEET.Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe the best way is through personal experience.Compare the advantages of these two different ways. Which do you think is preferable? Use specific examples to support your preference.【答案】略2. 单选题New technology links the world as never before. Our planet has shrunk. Its now a global village where countries are only seconds away by fax or phone or satellite link. And, of course, our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skillsDeeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern businesspeople who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. In modern markets, success overseas often help support domestic business efforts.Overseas assignments are becoming increasingly important to advancement within executive ranks. The executive stationed in another country no longer need fear being out of sight and out of mind. He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. If an employee can succeed in a difficult assignment overseas, superiors will have greater confidence in his or her ability to cope back in the United Sates where cross-cultural considerations and foreign language issues are becoming more and more prevalent.Thanks to a variety of relatively inexpensive communications devices with business applications, even small businesses in the United States are able to get into international markets.English is still the international language of business. But there is an ever-growing need for people who can speak another language. A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal.The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. The employee at the home office who can communicate well with foreign clients over the telephone or by fax machine is an obvious asset to the firm.1.What is the authors attitude toward high tech communications equipment?2.With the increased use of high-tech communications equipment, business people（ ）.3.In this passage, out of sight and out of mind (Lines 2-3, Para. 3) probably means（ ）.4.According to the passage, what is an important consideration of international corporations in employing people today?5.The advantage of employees having foreign language skills is that they can（ ）.问题1选项A.CriticalB.IndifferentC.PrejudicedD.Positive问题2选项A.have to get familiar with modern technologyB.are gaining more economic benefits from domestic operationsC.are attaching more importance to their overseas businessD.are eager to work overseas问题3选项A.being unable to think properly for lack of insightB.being totally out of touch with business at homeC.missing opportunities for promotion when abroadD.leaving all care and worthy behind问题4选项A.Connections with business overseasB.Ability to speak the clients language.C.Technical knowledgeD.Business experience问题5选项A.better control the whole negotiation processB.easily find new approaches to meet market needsC.fast-forward their proposals to headquartersD.easily make friends with business people abroad【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.事实细节题。A项“批评的”，B项“漠视的，中立的”，C项“有偏见的”，D项“积极肯定的”。文章第一段提到 “.our ability to benefit from this high-tech communications equipment is greatly enhanced by foreign language skills 我们从这种高科技通信设备中获益的能力因外语技能而大大提高”可知D项符合题意，故选D。2.事实细节题。A项“必须熟悉现代技术”，B项“从国内业务中获得更多的经济效益”，C项“更重视他们的海外业务”，D项“渴望去海外工作”。文章第二段提到“Deeply involved with this new technology is a breed of modern business people who have a growing respect for the economic value of doing business abroad. 深入参与这项新技术的是一群现代商人，他们越来越重视跨国商业的经济价值”可知C项正确。3.词汇题。A项“因为缺乏洞察力而无法正确思考”； B项“与国内业务完全脱节”；C项“在国外失去晋升的机会”，D项“完全置之度外”。文章第三段提到“He or she can be sure that the overseas effort is central to the companys plan for success, and that promotions often follow or accompany an assignment abroad. 他或她可以确定，海外业务是公司成功计划的核心，外派往往意味着升职”是对out of sight and out of mind.的补充说明，选项C最符合题意，故选C。4.判断推理题。A项“与海外商业的联系”，B项“能说驻国语”，C项“技术知识”，D项“商业经验”。最后一段提到 “The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”可知B项是“当今国际公司在用人方面的一个重要考虑”，故选B。5.事实细节题。A项“更好地控制整个谈判过程”，B项“很容易找到新的方法来满足市场需求”，C项“迅速向总部反馈他们的建议”，D项“容易与海外商人交朋友”。文章最后一段提到“The employee posted abroad who speaks the countrys principal language has an opportunity to fast-forward certain negotiations, and can have the cultural insight to know when it is better to move more slowly. 外派员工能说驻国语，有机会快速推进某些谈判，并能有文化洞察力，知道何时更好地较慢行动”，可知A项“更好地控制整个谈判的进程”正确。BCD三项在文中均未提及。3. 单选题While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process, says a report released today by the National Education Commission on Time and Learning.The commissions report, titled Prisoners of Time, calls the fixed clock and calendar in American education a fundamental design flaw” in desperate need of change. Time should serve children instead of children serving time, the report says.The two-year commission found that holding American students to world-class standards will require more time for classroom instruction. We have been asking the impassible of our students-that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subjects, it states.The Commission compared the relationships between time and learning in Japan, Germany, and the United States and found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. On average, American students can earn a high school diploma if they spend only 41 percent of their school time on academics, says the report.American students spend an average of three hours a day on “core” academics such as English, math, science, and history, the commission found. Their report recommends offering a minimum of 5.5 hours of academics every school day.The nine-member commission also recommends lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services, they should keep school doors open longer each day and each year, says John Hodge Jones, superintendent of schools in Murfreesboro, Tenn., and chairman of the commission.The typical school year in American public schools is 180 days. Eleven states allow school years of 175 days or less, and only one state requires more than 180 days.For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools, says Milton Goldberg, executive director of the commission. “Butif reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past1.Compared with the academic courses more than a hundred years ago, the academic courses now（ ）.2.The researches by the commission mentioned in the passage are most concerned about（ ）.3.As is mentioned in the passage, schools in the United States do the following EXCEPT（ ）.4.American students differ from those in Japan, Germany in that（ ）.5.Executive director of the commission Milton Goldberg would most probably agree that（ ）.问题1选项A.include some extra-curricular activitiesB.focus more on education of social supportC.demand students more contribution of timeD.remain more or less what they used to be问题2选项A.the time attributed to academic learningB.the components of school educationC.the changes in education in the recent centuryD.the fashion of education management问题3选项A.providing important outside-academic activitiesB.serving social units such as family and communityC.arranging six-hour teaching and learning every dayD.having competition with schools of other countries问题4选项A.they stay at school for a shorter time every dayB.they do not learn as much as their counterparts abroadC.they devote less time to academic learningD.they earn a high school diploma more easily问题5选项A.what the education reform advocates have done is not good enoughB.the time of school day and school year should be extended.C.visiting museums can improve students academic learning ability.D.social support and extra-curricular activities should be cancelled.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。第一段中的“While the mission of public schools has expanded beyond education to include social support and extra-curricular activities, the academic schedule has changed little in more than a century.虽然公立学校的任务已经拓展到教育以外的社会支持和课外活动，但在一个多世纪里学术时间安排却变化很小。” 可推断D“仍然跟过去差不多”正确；故C“要求学生贡献更多时间”不正确。 A “extra-curricular activities课外活动”属于学校任务，不属于学术课程；B “更注重社会支持的教育”文中没有提及。2.事实细节题。 第二段中“ Reclaiming the school day for academic instruction and escaping the time-bound traditions of education are vital steps in the school-reform process，在学校改革的过程中，恢复以学术为导向的学校教学日和跳出有时限的传统教育是学校改革进程至关重要的步骤” 可推断A“用到学术学习上的时间”正确；故C“最近这个世纪的教育变化”不正确。B“学校教育的构成”及D“教学管理的方式”在文中没有提及。3.事实细节题。由倒数第三段中“If schools want to continue offering important activities outside the academic core, as well as serving as a hub for family and community services. 如果学校想继续提供学术核心以外的重要活动，以及充当家庭和社区服务的中心”可推断A与B在文中有提及；由倒数第四段中“.lengthening the school day beyond the traditional six hours.延长传统的6小时教学日时长可推断C在文中有提及；D“和其他国家的学校进行竞争”在文中没有提及，故D项为正确选项。4.事实细节题。由第五段中 “ .found that American students receive less than half the basic academic instruction that Japanese and German students are provided. 发现美国学生接受的基本学术教育不到日本和德国学生的一半”可推知C “与德国和日本的学生不同的是美国学生在学术学习上投入的时间较少”正确。A“美国学生每天在校时间较少”在文中没有提及，由第四段中“that they learn as much as their foreign peers while spending half as much as in core academic subject 美国学生所学的东西和他们的外国同龄人一样多，但花在核心学术学科上的时间却只有他们的一半”可知 B与D不正确。5.判断推理题。由最后一段中“But.if reform is to truly take hold, the six-hour, 180-day school year should be relegated to museumsan exhibit from our education past 但是如果改革真的生效，那么每天6个小时，一年180天的上学时间就应该被归入到博物馆中来展示我们过去的教育”可推断“Milton Goldberg支持每天上学的时间和每学年的天数被延长”，故B正确；也由此知C“参观博物馆能提升学生的学术学习能力”不正确。最后一段中“For over a decade, education reform advocates have been working feverishly to improve our schools过去的十来年，教育改革倡导者们一直在狂热地努力改进我们的学校”可推断A“教育改革倡导者所做的还不够”不符合原文；D“社会支持与课外活动应被取消”在原文中未提及。4. 单选题The standard of living of any country means the average persons share of the goods and services which the country produces.（1） , Wealth in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: goods such as food and clothing, and services such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. （2） . Some regions of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess none of them. （3） Some countries are perhaps well off in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil and external wars, and for this and other reasons have been unable to develop their resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well served by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. （4） . A countrys standard of living does not only depend upon the wealth that is produced and consumed within its own borders, but also upon what is indirectly produced through international trade. （5） .Trade makes it possible for her surplus manufactured goods to be traded abroad for the agricultural products that would otherwise be lacking. A countrys wealth is, therefore, much influenced by its manufacturing capacity, provided that other countries can be found ready to accept its manufactures. 问题1选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.问题2选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.问题3选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.问题4选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.问题5选项A.industrialized countries that have trained numerous skilled workers and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilledB.next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to useC.A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealthD.For example, Britains wealth in foodstuffs and other agricultural products would be much less if it had to depend only on those grown at home.E.Wealth should be properly used only to enhance the standard of living of people in all countriesF.Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on.【答案】第1题:C第2题:F第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一句提到“任何国家的生活水平是指国家生产的商品和服务的平均份额”，空格后关键词“wealth财富”可推断中间内容应与 “生活标准和财富”有关，C项“因为，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于其创造财富的能力”符合题意，故选C。2.文章第二段第一句提到“一个国家创造财富的能力取决于许多因素，其中大多数因素相互影响”，空格后提到“世界上有些地区的煤炭和矿物供应充足，土壤肥沃，气候宜人，其他地区则没有。”推断中间内容应该是阐述“财富与煤、矿产等资源的关系”，F 项“财富在很大程度上取决于一个国家的自然资源，如煤炭、黄金和其他矿产、供水等”符合题意，故选F。3.空格后提到“有些国家自然资源虽然很丰富，但由于多年来战争和一些其他原因一直无法开发其资源”可推断此处应阐述“自然资源与开发自然资源的能力”，B项“排在自然资源后的是将自然资源转化使用的能力”符合题意，故选B。4.空格前文提到“另外一个重要因素是一个国家人民技术效率”可推断此处应阐述与“技术相关的内容”， A项“已经培训了许多熟练工人和技术人员的工业化国家比其他工人不熟练的国家更有能力创造财富”符合题意，故选A。5.空格前文提到“一个国家的生活水平不仅取决于在本国境内生产和消费的财富，而且还取决于通过国际贸易间接生产的财富”，空格后提到“贸易使她剩余的制成品能够在国外进行贸易，以换取自身所缺乏的农产品。”可推断空格处“应该列举一个例子”由此导出下文的结论，D项“例如，如果它只能依靠国内生产，英国在食品和其他农产品方面的财富要少得多”符合题意，故选D。5. 填空题Opinion is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste（1）, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt（2）too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance （3） it. I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours, and Everyones entitled to his opinion, are （4）expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It （5）on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a （6）What do you think of the new Ford cars? And he may reply, In my （7）, theyre ugly. In this case, it would not only be （8）to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion lie means his personal （9）, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes, Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper （10） that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not share their personal preferences, their mere （11） and dislikes, they stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere （12）these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may（13）elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without （14）the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only （15）, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.【答案】1.belief2.attach3.tomon5.depends6.friend7.opinion8.intolerant9.preference10.reports11.likes12.between13.contain14.examining15.permitted【解析】1.文章倒数第二段最后一句提到 “It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at. 这是一种随意达成的观点或信念”中“belief”及该句前后出现的judgment正好与之形成对应，故此处选belief。2.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，同时由下文“most do attach great importance”可知此处选attach。3.“attach importance to sth. 着重于重视”为固定搭配，故此处选to。mon “常见的;通常的”。前文提到“大多数人都很重视观点”， I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours我与你都有同样的权利去坚持各自的观点” Everyones entitled to his opinion每个