2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第23期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国海洋大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题We expect him to （ ）his promise.问题1选项A.carry offB.carry outC.carry throughD.carry about【答案】B【解析】句意:我们希望他能够履行诺言。考查短语辨析。carry off夺去，获得; carry out 贯彻,执行; carry through 贯彻,完成; carry about 随身携带。故B符合句意。2. 单选题The Constitution （ ）the Presidents term of office to four years.问题1选项A.limitsB.refrainsC.confinesD.restricts【答案】A【解析】句意:宪法规定总统的任期为4年。考查近义词辨析。四个选项均为对应动词的三单形式。Limit 限制，限定（一般指事先确定空间、时间或数量的极限）; refrain克制，避免,不及物动词,后面跟介词from; confine限制，禁闭（侧重施加不可逾越的限制，有时暗示束缚、囚禁）; restrict限制，约束（指把某人或物限制在一定范围之内）。此处侧重指时间上的限制,故选A。3. 翻译题In a calm sea every man is a pilot. But all sunshine without shade, all pleasure without pain, is not life at all. Even death itself makes life more loving. Men come closest to their true selves in the sober moments of life, under the shadows of sorrow and loss. In the affairs of life or of business, it is not intellect that tells so much as character, not brains so much as heart, not genius so much as self-control, patience, and discipline, regulated by judgment. I have always believed that the man who has begun to live more seriously within begins to live more simply without. In an age of extravagance and waste, I wish I could show to the world how few the real wants of humanity are. To regret ones errors to the point of not repeating them is true repentance. There is nothing noble in being superior to some other man. The true nobility is in being superior to your previous self.【答案】在风平浪静的大海上，每个人都是领航员。但只有阳光没有阴影，只有快乐没有痛苦，这样根本不是真正的生活。甚至死亡本身都使得生命更加可爱。在人生清醒的时刻，在悲伤与失落的阴影之下，人们与真实的自我最为接近。在生活和事业的种种事务之中，性格比才智更能指导我们，心灵比头脑更能引导我们，而由判断所控制的自制、耐心和纪律比天分更能让我们受益。我一向认为，内心生活一开始就更为严谨的人，他的外在生活也会变得更为简朴。在物欲横流的年代，但愿我能向世人表明，人类的真正需求是何其少。后悔自己的过错以致不重蹈覆辙才是真正的悔悟。优于别人，并不高贵，真正的高贵应该是优于过去的自己。4. 单选题If you （ ）through a book or magazine, you look through it in a casual way.问题1选项A.brewB.broodC.bruiseD.browse【答案】D【解析】句意:随意地翻看书籍杂志，其实就是浏览。考查动词辨析。Brew酿制(啤酒),沏(茶),煮(咖啡); brood焦虑,忧思(使人厌烦、担忧或不安的事); bruise (使)出现伤痕,撞伤; browse (在商店里)随便看看,浏览,翻阅。因此D符合句意。5. 单选题To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then change them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what consumer wants to buy and then go about making it available for purchase.This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business transactionthe firm and the customerand each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers. A striking example of the importance of meeting the consumers needs happened in the mid-1985, when Coca-Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new. King Customer ruled!1.To put it in a simpler way, the marketing concept is（ ）.2.According to the passage, most industries in the near past focused on .3.The author used the example of Coca-cola to show（ ）.4.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?5.The phrase “to move as much of these goods as possible” in paragraph one means（ ）.问题1选项A.a kind of persuasive salesmanshipB.an effort to turn goods into moneyC.a customer-centered approachD.a surest way to greater profit问题2选项A.the demands of the marketB.the efficiency of productionC.the preferences of consumersD.the satisfaction of consumers问题3选项A.both the firm and the customers must be satisfied before trade occursB.a new product is hard to be accepted by the majority of the consumersC.Classic Coke is much better than the new flavor produced by Coca-colaD.a product must be designed to satisfy the demands of most consumers问题4选项A.A business produces goods only because they want to satisfy the needs of the public.B.Consumer satisfaction is always the most important factor for producers to consider.C.Both consumer satisfaction and persuasive salesmanship serve producers pursuit of profit.D.Producers and merchants are very benevolent in that they focus on consumers satisfaction.问题5选项A.to sell the largest possible amount of goodsB.to make the goods as attractive as possibleC.to produce the goods as efficiently as possibleD.to focus greatly on the needs of the consumers【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。第二段指出: This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept(这种集中于消费者的方式被称为市场营销概念),因此C“以消费者为中心的方式”正确。2.细节事实题。第一段指出: Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods (几年前，大多数企业主要把精力集中于商品的高效生产),由此可知B项“生产效率”正确。3.判断推理题。作者举例可口可乐的前面句为: Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers (然而，成功的商人和生产者意识到，最可靠的盈利途径是理解和满足消费者的需求)。随后指出可口可乐改变其饮料口味后失去了消费者,故D项“产品的设计一定要去满足大多数消费者的需求”正确。4.判断推理题。A:商家生产商品只是因为其想要满足公众的需要,B:消费者的满意度通常是生产者考虑的最重要的因素,D:生产者和商人都是慈善的，因为他们都集中精力于消费者的满意度。由最后一段中的“This concept does not imply that business is benevolent or that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company (这个概念并不是暗示商业是行善的或在一家公司里消费者满意比盈利重要)”可知这三项不符合原文意思。C:消费者满意度和说服力的推销都是为了满足生产者的利润追求,最后一段指出: Successful merchants and producers, however.recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding and meeting the needs of the consumers (然而，成功的商人和生产者认识到获取利润的最可靠方法是了解和满足消费者的需求), Not too many years ago, most industries centered primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on “persuasive salesmanship” to move as much of these goods as possible (几年前，大多数企业主要把精力集中于商品的高效生产，然后依赖有说服力的推销售出尽可能多的产品),故C项 “消费者满意度和说服力的推销都是为了满足生产者的利润追求”正确。5.语义题。所在句为: and then relied on“persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible (然后依赖 “有说服力的推销”),由此推测A项“销售尽可能多的商品”正确。6. 单选题The man over there is （ ）our principal.问题1选项A.no other butB.no one thanC.no other thanD.one other than【答案】D【解析】句意:那个男人正是我们的首长。考查短语辨析。no other than和none other than都有“正是”的意思，但none other than语气更强，还表示“惊奇、赞美、强调等语气”,故选D。7. 单选题He seemed too old for her, （ ）like a father （ ）a husband.问题1选项A.more.thanB.not so.asC.most.thanD.rather.than【答案】A【解析】句意:对她来说，他似乎有点太老了，相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。考查固定搭配。由前半句句意“他似乎有点太老了”推测后面句意为: 相比丈夫，他更像她的父亲。more .than. 相比，更是。故选A。8. 单选题Convenient foods which are already prepared for cooking are （ ）in grocery stores.问题1选项A.acceptableB.availableC.capableD.accessible【答案】B【解析】句意:在杂货店可以买到为烹饪备好的方便食品。考查形容词辨析。Acceptable认可的,可接受的,令人满意的; available可获得的,可购得的,可找到的; capable 有能力,有才能,能力强的; accessible可接近的,可进入的,可使用的。故B符合句意。9. 单选题Getting up is an everyday（ ）.问题1选项A.happeningB.occurrenceC.incidentD.event【答案】B【解析】句意:起床是天天都发生的事。考查近义词辨析。Happening 事情(偶然或未能预见而发生的事);occurrence 事情，事件（可指意外或计划中的事情，也可指普通家庭中的事情）; incident 事件，事变，插曲（尤指导致纷争的冲突事端）; event 事件,大事尤指重大事件）。由关键信息“getting up”、“everyday”可知B项正确。10. 单选题The lamp would not work because of a （ ）in the switch.问题1选项A.defectB.blotC.foulD.shortcoming【答案】A【解析】句意:由于开关有问题，所以台灯不亮。考查名词辨析。Defect 缺陷,不足; blot 污点; foul 犯规; shortcoming 缺点,短处,多形容人。故A符合句意。11. 单选题Although American institutions have an unquestionable prestige in the （ ）academic marketplace, their history was not comparable with that of the British ones.问题1选项A.curricularB.contemporaryC.communicativeD.conceptual【答案】B【解析】句意:尽管美国的院校在当代学术论坛上有无可置疑的声望，但是它们的历史却比不上英国院校的历史。考查形容词辨析。Curricular课程的; contemporary属同时期的,同一时代的,当代的; communicative乐意沟通的,语言交际能力的; conceptual概念(上)的,观念(上)的。因此B符合句意。12. 单选题This（ ） girl is Toms cousin.问题1选项A.pretty little AmericanB.American pretty littleC.American little prettyD.little American pretty【答案】A【解析】句意:这位漂亮的美国小女孩是Tom的表妹。语法题。考查形容词排列顺序。pretty属于“描绘性形容词”，little属于“表示大小、长短、高低的形容词”，American属于“表示国籍的形容词”。在修饰 名词时，这三类形容词的顺序为描绘性形容词、表示大小、长短、高低的形容 词、表示国籍的形容词。故A符合此顺序。13. 单选题（ ）my colleague and myself, Id like to give a warm welcome to you all.问题1选项A.On behalf ofB.On account ofC.In place ofD.In memory of【答案】A【解析】句意:我代表我的同事和自己，向你们表示热烈的欢迎。考查短语辨析。on behalf of代表,为了; on account of因为; in place of代替; in memory of纪念。因此A符合句意。14. 单选题At dawn on September 5th, 1972, a band of “Black September” Arab guerrillas broke into the Israeli building in the Olympic village near Munich where 10,000 athletes were staying. Over 250 plain clothes police had been brought into the village, following a tip-off trouble ahead, but none of them saw the Arabs scale the fence. They burst into the Israeli building with submachine guns blazing at 5:10 am. Some Israeli athletes escaped through the windows and side doors. Nine were taken hostage. The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany. Within hours the Olympic village was surrounded by 13,000 police. The Olympic Games were suspended. After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country. They were taken by helicopter to the Fursten field military airport 25 miles from Munich. Just before midnight the guerrillas and their hostages began to walk across the tarmac to a waiting Boeing 727 aircraft. Suddenly all the airport lights were turned out and German police sharp shooters opened fire. The rescue attempt failed tragically. In the gun battle all nine hostages, were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods. On the 8th，Israeli planes bombed ten guerrilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre.1.The most possible reason for Israeli athletes being attacked and kidnapped is that（ ）.2.When the trouble took place, the Olympic Games （ ）.3.The terrorists were told that they would be probably sent by air to（ ）.4.How many Arabs were there as terrorists?5.What do you think Palestine and Israel would act next?问题1选项A.they had a conflict with the Arab guerrillasB.the Arab guerrillas wanted to save the Palestinians held in Israeli jails.C.the German Government hated IsraelD.the Arab guerrillas hoped to get a large sum of money问题2选项A.were completedB.were going onC.were to be finishedD.were to take place问题3选项A.ItalyB.IndiaC.SyriaD.Nigeria问题4选项A.SevenB.EightC.NineD.It wasnt mentioned问题5选项A.They would begin another conflict.B.They would begin to negotiateC.They would try to improve each others relationD.They would turn to UN.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章指出：The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany（这些游击队员要求释放被关押在以色列监狱的200名巴勒斯坦人并安全地离开德国），因此B项“这些阿拉伯游击队员想解救被关押在以色列监狱的巴勒斯坦人”正确。2.细节事实题。由文中“The Olympic Games were suspended（奥运会被暂停）”可知当时奥运会正在进行。故选B。3.判断推理题。文章指出：After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country（经过一些协商，恐怖分子们被告知他们和其人质将被用飞机送到一个阿拉伯国家），四个选项中，只有C项 “叙利亚”属于阿拉伯国家。4.细节事实题。文中指出：In the gun battle all nine hostages were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods(枪战中9名人质全被打死，4名阿拉伯恐怖分子和一名警察也被杀。三名阿拉伯恐怖分子被捕，其中一名阿拉伯恐怖分子逃入附近的树林）。因此枪战中一共8个阿拉伯恐怖分子。5.细节事实题。文章指出：On the 8th, Israeli planes bombed ten guerrilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre（8号，以色列的飞机轰炸了10个游击队基地来报复慕尼黑的屠杀）。因此推测A项“他们将开 始另外一场冲突”正确。15. 单选题The year was 1959. Location: the central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a test tube and forgot about it. A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just any HIV. The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s.1.What is the passage about?2.That AIDS spread to other places besides Africa. The origin of the AIDS epidemic was thought to begin in the （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?4.According to the passage, the man who carried HIV gave blood because he wanted to（ ）.问题1选项A.The fact that HTV and the AIDS virus were first discovered in Africa.B.The role that Leopoldvilles sample plays.C.That Leopoldvilles sample contributes to solving the puzzle on the origin of AIDS.D.That AIDS spread to other places besides Africa问题2选项A.1940sB.1950sC.1960sD.mid-1980s问题3选项A.The AIDS virus comes from monkeys or chimpanzees.B.The AIDS virus was earliest discovered in Kinshasa, 1959.C.Before Leopoldville was changed into Kinshasa in name, it was a colony.D.No other AIDS virus discovered anywhere else can be older than the one discovered in Leopoldville.问题4选项A.infect others to take revenge on the whole societyB.earn money to support his familyC.make a name for himselfD.none of the above【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段描述了Leopoldville 位看似健康的男性到医院抽血,而后指出长达四分之一个世纪后，艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段进一步强调 “并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单”,之后详细介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒的重要意义。因此B项 “Leopoldville的样本所起的作用”比较能概括文章大意。2.判断推理题。文章最后一句指出: .says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s (对该样本的 DNA分析将假定的艾滋病起源时间往前推了至少十年，至20世纪50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推断过去假定的艾滋病起源时间应该是20世纪60年代。3.判断推理题。A:艾滋病毒来源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根据第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans.(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本，有助于解开艾滋病毒从动物（猴子或者黑猩猩）传播到人类的时间和方式之谜)”可知A项正确。B: 艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被发现,由第一段中的 “A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS (四分之一个世纪后，也就是20世纪80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次对该部分血液进行研究，从中发现了体免疫缺乏症病毒，这是一种导致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B项错误。C: 在Leopoldville更名为 Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的 “Location: the central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo (地点：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在导致比属刚果独立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa)”可知C项正确。D: 在其他地方没有发现比Leopoldville的样本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated. (Leopoldville 的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本)”可知D项正确。故本题选B。4.细节事实题。第一段指出: A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again(应一项由西方国家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血。然后就离开了，从此再也没有听说过他)。A: 为了通过感染他人来报复社会,B: 挣钱养家,C: 让自己成名，均不能通过文章推断出来。故选D。16. 单选题I would appreciate （ ）it a secret.问题1选项A.your keepingB.that you keepC.you to keepD.that you will keep【答案】A【解析】句意:感谢你保守秘密。考查固定搭配。Appreciate sth./doing sth. 感谢。17. 翻译题Translate the following short English passages into Chinese, which should be written on your Answer Sheet.Many people have been deeply influenced by these kinds of pronouncements, and have gradually begun to change their way of life as a result. They are exercising more, have given up or cut down smoking, and have also begun to eat more healthily.On the one hand, doctors warn that eating too much meat is a cause of heart disease and high blood pressure, and on the other say that eating vegetables and fruit helps to sustain health. Many people have given up meat as a matter of principle. Some believe that it is wrong to kill living things, or believe that because raising animals needs more land than growing vegetable crops, it is a waste of the worlds scarce resources to eat meat.【答案】很多人已深受这些类型的声明的影响，结果他们已逐渐开始改变自己的生活方式。 他们正在做更多的锻炼，已放弃或减少吸烟，并且也开始更健康地饮食。一方面，医生警告称食肉过多是心脏病和高血压发生的一个原因。另外一方面, 医生称吃蔬菜和水果有助于维持健康。许多人因为原则问题己放弃吃肉。一些人认为杀害生物是不对的，或认为因为饲养动物比种植蔬菜作物需要更多的土地，所以吃肉是对世界稀少资源的一种浪费。18. 单选题When British voters go to the polls during General Elections to decide who will govern them, they usually have a choice of at least three candidates who will each represent one of the three main political parties in Britain today.The Labor Party is the party of the left, the Tory or Conservative Party represents the right and between the two, with politics and opinions of its own. is the smaller Liberal Party.Britain is divided into over 600 political units known as “constituencies，each with its own candidates who stand for Parliament hoping to be elected (or re-elected) with large majorities. The cities and large towns are themselves divided into constituencies and they also choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who will represent their views in the Houses of Parliament at Westminster. Here, in the House, the government of the day led by its Prime Minister and his Cabinet - a team of specially selected ministers carries out its duties of governing the country. Various proposals are put forward for debate and discussion and these may, eventually, become part of the law of the land. The government in office has to face the criticism of the other parties which are in opposition. This is the sort of democratic process that the majority of British people seem to favor. Her Majestys Government is watched over by Her Majestys Opposition, and thus a certain balance of power is maintained. Decisions are made by a majority vote and this, of course, is where the other parties, the Liberals, the National and Regional parties (such as the Scottish or Welsh National Party), and other independent parties can exercise their influence. Some issues may be decided on a mere handful of votes.1.According to the passage, the Liberal Party could be described as （ ）.2.A constituency is（ ）.3.How can the other parties exercise their influence in Parliament，according