考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学模拟考试题含答案13

考研考博-考博英语-燕山大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Throughout this long, tense election, everyone has focused on the presidential candidates and how theyll change America. Rightly so. But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American woman. As the potential First Lady, she would have the worlds attention. And that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.Usually, the lives of black women go largely unexamined. The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic (酗酒的) mothers.These images have helped define the way all black women are viewed, including Michelle Obama. Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.It wont be easy. Because few mainstream publications have done in-depth features on regular African-American women, little is known about who we are, what we think and what we face on a regular basis. For better or worse, Michelle will represent us all.Just as she will have her critics, she will also have millions of fans who usually have little interest in the First Lady. Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family. Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task. But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise (沉着), confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.1. Why does Michelle Obama hold a strong fascination for the author?2. What is the common stereotype of African-American women according to the author?3. What do many African-Americans write about in their blogs?4. What does the author say about Michelle Obama as a First Lady?5. What do many African-American women hope Michelle Obama will do?问题1选项A.She serves as a role model for African women.B.She possesses many admirable qualities becoming a First Lady.C.She will present to the world a new image of African-American women.D.She will pay closer attention to the interests of African-American women.问题2选项A.They are victims of violence.B.They are of an inferior violence.C.They use quite a lot of body language.D.They live on charity and social welfare.问题3选项A.Whether Michelle can live up to the high expectations of her fans.B.How Michelle should behave as a public figure.C.How proud they are to have a black woman in the White House.D.What Michelle should do as wife and mother in the White House.问题4选项A.However many fans she has, she should remain modest.B.She shouldnt disappoint the African-American community.C.However hard she tries, she cant expect to please everybody.D.She will give priority to African-American womens concerns.问题5选项A.Help change the prevailing view about black women.B.Help her husband in the task of changing America.C.Outshine previous First Lady.D.Fully display her fine qualities.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第一段But selfishly, Im more fascinated by Michelle Obama and what she might be able to do, not just for this country, but for me as an African-American womanAnd that means that for the first time people will have a chance to get up close and personal with the type of African-American woman they so rarely see.（但就我个人而言，我更为米歇尔奥巴马着迷，以及她可能会为这个国家做些什么，也为我这个非裔美国女性做些什么这意味着人们将第一次有机会近距离接触他们很少见到的非裔美国女性。），可知作者关心的是非裔美国女性米歇尔可以为国家和非裔美国女性做些什么，因为她是很少见到的非裔美国女性，展示了非裔美国女性的新形象，C选项“她将向世界展示了非裔美国女性的新形象”正确。A选项“她是非洲妇女的榜样”：米歇尔是美国人而非非洲人。B选项“作为第一夫人，她拥有许多令人钦佩的品质”：作者没有具体提到米歇尔的优点。D选项“她将更加关注非洲裔美国妇女的利益”：根据第三段第二句Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.（在她有机会作为第一夫人投身于一项事业、慈善事业或基金会之前，她最紧迫、或许也是最复杂的职责可能就是做自己。），可知米歇尔的当务之急是做好自己，还没有到投身于事业的时候。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句The prevailing theory seems to be that were all hot-tempered single mothers who cant keep a man. Even in the world of make-believe, black women still cant escape the stereotype of being eye-rolling, oversexed females raised by our never-married, alcoholic mothers.（常见的理论似乎是，我们都是脾气暴躁的单身母亲，留不住男人。在人们的想象中，黑人女性仍然无法摆脱成见，在别人看来，她们受人歧视、性欲过度、被未婚酗酒的母亲养大。），前一句对应暴虐的特点，后一句对应粗俗的特点，B选项“她们粗俗暴虐”正确；在非洲裔美国女性的普遍刻板印象中，她们是施暴者而不是受害者，她们性欲过多而非肢体语言过多，A选项“她们是暴力的受害者”和C选项“她们过多使用肢体语言”错误。D选项“她们靠慈善和社会福利生活”：文中没有提到。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第五段第二句Many African-American blogs have written about what theyd like to see Michelle bring to the White Housemainly showing the world that a black woman can support her man and raise a strong black family.（许多非裔美国人的博客写了他们希望看到米歇尔给白宫带来什么主要是向世界展示，一位黑人女性可以支持她的丈夫，养育一个强大的黑人家庭。），可知许多非裔美国人期望米歇尔为白宫做的是展示如何做好妻子和母亲，D选项“作为妻子和母亲米歇尔在白宫应该做什么”正确。A选项“米歇尔是否能达到她的粉丝们的高度期望”和C选项“他们有一个黑人妇女入主白宫是多么的自豪”：文中没有提到。B选项“作为一个公众人物米歇尔应该如何表现”：这里更侧重的是作为女性，尤其是母亲和妻子，米歇尔该怎么做，而非只是作为公众人物。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise, confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.（但对许多像我一样的非裔美国女性来说，只要她稍稍展现出一点沉着、自信和智慧，就将对改变长久以来人们对非裔美国女性的印象大有帮助。），可知作者希望米歇尔不要让人失望，展现自己的沉着、自信和智慧，B选项“她不应该让非裔美国人社区失望”正确。A选项“不管她有多少粉丝，都应该保持谦虚”：文中没有提到。C选项“不管她怎么努力，都不可能让每个人都满意”：根据文章倒数第二句Michelle will have to work to please everyonean impossible task.（米歇尔将不得不努力取悦每个人一项不可能完成的任务。），可知作者表达的重点是取悦每个人这件事情不可能做到，但是米歇尔必须努力去做，而非再努力也不能让每个人满意。D选项“她将优先考虑非裔美国妇女所关心之事”：根据第三段第二句Before she ever gets the chance to commit to a cause, charity or foundation as First Lady, her most urgent and perhaps most complicated duty may be simply to be herself.（在她有机会作为第一夫人投身于一项事业、慈善事业或基金会之前，她最紧迫、或许也是最复杂的职责可能就是做自己。），可知米歇尔不会优先考虑事业，包括非裔美国妇女所关心之事。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句But for many African-American women like me, just a little of her poise, confidence and intelligence will go a long way in changing an image thats been around for far too long.（但对许多像我一样的非裔美国女性来说，只要她稍稍展现出一点沉着、自信和智慧，就将对改变长久以来人们对非裔美国女性的印象大有帮助。），可知对于非裔美国女性来说，她们最希望的就是米歇尔帮助改变人们对她们的刻板印象，而展示优秀品质只是达成这个目标的方式，不是表达的重点，A选项“帮助改变对黑人妇女的普遍看法”正确，D选项“充分展示她的优秀品质”错误。B选项“帮助她的丈夫完成改变美国的任务”和C选项“超越前第一夫人”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题I never realized that someday would be married to a _.问题1选项A.moleculeB.oxygenC.geniusD.rug【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项molecule“分子”；B选项oxygen“氧气”；C选项genius“天才”；D选项rug“小地毯”。句意：我从没想过有一天会嫁给一个_。根据语境，横线处指的是人，C选项genius“天才”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Whenever I hear a weather report declaring its the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I cant take it too seriously, because “ever” really means “as long as the records go hack”, which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, thoughnot for individual dates, but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (hes the creator of the “hockey stick” graph A1 Gore used in “An Inconvenient Truth” to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand yearsthat led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 wasso resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if theres any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists compared them with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed, Rep. Sherwood Boehlert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.1. What does this passage mainly deal with?2. What is “proxy measurement” in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?3. What does the report from NRC indicate?4. Which of the statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?5. What is the authors attitude towards global warming theory?问题1选项A.The threat of global warming.B.The measurement of solving global warming.C.The tendency of earths becoming hotter.D.The assessment of earths temperature.问题2选项A.Taking advantage of previous pictures.B.Using clues left from the past.C.Studying the characteristics of glaciers.D.Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.问题3选项A.The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.B.The proxy measurements are reliable.C.The earth will become warmer.D.It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Manns assertion.问题4选项A.Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.B.The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.C.The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Manns claim.D.Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.问题5选项A.Favorable.B.Neutral.C.Negative.D.Indifferent.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段提出天气预报中说气温打破最高记录，第二段提出地球变暖的观点，第三段讲述NRC得出气温达到近400年来最高，第四段讲大众和科学家对此的争论，全文都在谈论地球气温越来越高，C选项“全球变暖的趋势”正确。A选项“全球变暖的威胁”：文中没有提到。B选项“解决全球变暖的方法”和D选项“地球温度的评估”：只是文章部分内容，不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。proxy measurement的意思是“替代性考核”。根据第一段第二句but they can tell the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks in corals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice.（但他们可以通过珊瑚的生长标记、海洋和湖泊的沉积物以及冰川核等替代性考核来推测出年平均温度。），可知这里的替代性考核采用的方法是借助地球上随时间推移遗留下来的痕迹，B选项“使用过去留下的线索”正确，A选项“利用记录以前情况的照片”，C选项“研究冰川的特征”和D选项“测量水生生物的生长迹象”只是其中一方面的具体内容，不足以概括总体方法。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第三段第三句Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data.（他们的结论是，一千年的界定有一定道理，但数据支持不够有力。），可知NRC部分同意Michael Mann的观点，同时又有所怀疑，D选项“对迈克尔曼的主张有些怀疑”正确。A选项“地球的温度达到了史上最高”：根据第三段第四句it fully supports the claim that todays temperatures are unnaturally warm（完全支持如今的温度不正常的观点），可知没有提到地球的温度达到了史上最高。B选项“替代性考核的方法很可靠”和C选项“地球会变暖”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第四段第二句it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming sciencea controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive.（它不支持关于全球变暖科学的争论反对者坚持认为这一争论仍然存在。），可知这份新报告没有偏向任何一方，争论仍然存在，B选项“这场争论以全球变暖怀疑论者落败而告终”不符合文章内容，为正确答案。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural”, to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知对于全球变暖的这个话题的观点一直在变化，A选项“对全球变暖的不赞同态度前后矛盾”符合文章内容。根据第三段第一句The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann（这份报告是由弗吉尼亚大学的气候学家Michael Mann去年提出的关于过去气候变化的质疑引发的。），可知对Michael Mann观点的质疑促使NRC做这份报告，C选项“对Michael Mann断言的争议让NRC做这份新报告”符合文章内容。根据第二段第二句Thats a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperaturesa frequent assertion of the global-warming-doubters crowd.（对于那些声称目前的暖期只是平均气温自然变化的一部分的人来说，这是一个打击全球变暖怀疑论者经常这样断言。），可知不赞同全球变暖的人认为地球平均气温变化是自然的，D选项“那些不赞同全球变暖的人认为变暖是一种自然现象”符合文章内容。因此B选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】观点态度题。根据第四段第一句then, the argument against it has gone from “it isnt happening” to “its happening, but its natural,” to “its mostly natural”and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away.（然后，反对它的论点从“它没有发生”到“它正在发生，但这是自然的”，再到“这基本上是自然的”现在看来，这种断言也将不得不放弃。），可知作者不认同地球变暖是自然现象的观点，赞同地球变暖的理论，A选项“赞同”正确；B选项“中立”，C选项“否定”和D选项“漠不关心”错误。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题His _ personality provides good material for critics.问题1选项A.matureB.consideredC.literateD.dual【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项mature“成熟的”；B选项considered“经过深思熟虑的”；C选项literate“能读会写的”；D选项dual“双重的”。句意：他的_人格为评论家提供了很好的素材。根据语境，这里D选项dual“双重的”比较符合题意，意思指他的双重人格有很多可讨论的话题。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Kuwait is famous for its _ resources.问题1选项A.fameB.jawC.petroleumD.jar【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项fame“名声，声誉”；B选项jaw“下颌”；C选项petroleum“石油”；D选项jar“（玻璃）罐子；坛子”。句意：科威特以其_资源而闻名。根据语境，这里要表达的是科威特因为拥有某个资源而出名，C选项petroleum“石油”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题The first part of this paper is the _ review.问题1选项A.literatureB.fieldC.studyD.phenomenon【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项literature“文学，文学作品（literature review 文献综述）”；B选项field“田，地，牧场”；C选项study“学习，研究”；D选项phenomenon“现象”。句意：本文的第一部分是_。根据语境，这里的paper指的是论文，结合词组literature review，A选项literature符合题意。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题At the meeting both sides exchanged their views on a wide _ of topics they were interested in.问题1选项A.extentB.numberC.collectionD.range【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项extent“程度；大小，面积”；B选项number“数量；号码”；C选项collection“收集物”；D选项range“类”，a wide range of“大范围的；多种多样的”。句意：双方就感兴趣的_议题交换了意见。根据语境，这里指的是双方有很多感兴趣的议题，D选项range符合题意。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteenth century scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay under the surface. The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineer had to know the depth profile of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.1. The passage implies that the telegraph cable was built mainly _.2. It was _ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.3. The aim of voyages Maury encouraged in the 1840s was _.4. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means _.5. This passage is mainly about _.问题1选项A.for business considerationsB.for investigating the depths of the oceansC.for oceanographic studiesD.for military purposes问题2选项A.those who earned a living from the seaB.the company which proposed to lay an undersea cableC.the American NavyD.some early intercontinental travelers问题3选项A.to estimate the length of cable that was to be madeB.to measure the depths of two oceansC.to make some sound experiments in the oceansD.to collect samples of sea plants and animals问题4选项A.“challenged”B.“agreed to”C.“doubted”D.“gave proof to”问题5选项A.the Investigation of ocean depthsB.the early intercontinental communicationsC.the beginnings of oceanographyD.the laying of the first undersea cable【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段第二句The first time that the question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed.（当提出要铺设一条从欧洲到美洲的海底电报电缆时，出于商业动机，人们第一次不得不尽可能以商业结果为导向来回答“海底是什么？”的问题。），可知铺设电报电缆主要考虑的是商业上带来的利益，根据利益来看是否要铺设，A选项“出于商业考虑”正确，B选项“为了考查海洋的深度”和C选项“用于海洋学研究”错误。D选项“出于军事目的”：文中没有提到。因此A选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第一句It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter.（1853年，大西洋电报公司向美国海军的莫里寻求有关此事的信息。），可知B选项“建议铺设海底电缆的公司”正确。A选项“靠海洋为生的人”，C选项“美国海军”和D选项“一些早期的洲际旅行者”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第四段第二句In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.（在19世纪40年代，莫里曾负责推动进行海上航行，以此来勘测北大西洋和太平洋的深度。），可知B选项“测量两个大洋的深度”正确。A选项“估计将要制作的电缆的长度”，C选项“在海洋中做一些声音实验”和D选项“收集海洋植物和动物的样本”不符合题意。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】语义推测题。defied的意思是“违抗；向挑战”。根据文章第五段最后一句At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.（早期铺设光缆的尝试以失败告终，当取出光缆来维修时，人们发现上面覆盖有生物，这_了当时科学界认为深海没有生命的理论。），可知之前认为深海没有生物，取出电缆后发现原来深海里有生物，让人们开始怀疑原有理论的真实性，A选项“质疑（质疑事情的真实性）”正确。B选项“同意”，C选项“不相信，不信任（不确定事情是否真实并且没有证据）”和D选项“提供证据”不符合题意。因此A选项正确。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章第一段对海洋学进行定义，第二段介绍19世纪以前对海洋学的研究情况，第三、四、五段讲海洋学的由来，第六段讲19世纪末人们在海洋学的初步研究成果，C选项“海洋学的起源”正确。A选项“调查海洋深度”，B选项“早期的洲际通讯”和D选项“铺设第一条海底电缆”不足以概括全文。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题_, the more severe the winters are.问题1选项A.The more you go northB.The farther north you goC.The more north you goD.The farther you go the north【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查比较级。A选项The more you go north“去北方的次数越多”；B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”；C选项The more north you go语法错误，more和north不放一起；D选项The farther you go the north应该是go to the north。句意：_，冬天的寒气越重。结合语境，B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”符合题意。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题Yeste