考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学模拟考试题含答案14

考研考博-考博英语-西南财经大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Some diseases are （ ）by certain water animals.问题1选项A.transplantedB.transformedC.transportedD.transmitted【答案】D【解析】形近词辨析题。transplant移植；transform改变，变换；transport运输；transmit传输，传播。句意：有些疾病是由某些水生动物传播的。这里指疾病的传播，所以选项D正确。2. 单选题The city government is （ ）reforming the social security system.问题1选项A.contemplatingB.reflectingC.overtakingD.nourishing【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。contemplate意为“考虑，考虑接受（发生某事的可能性），深思熟虑”；reflect意为“反射（光、热、声或影像）”；overtake意为“追上，赶上”；nourish意为“滋养，施肥于”。句意：市政府正在考虑改革社会保障制度。3. 单选题A railway ticket should indicate the place of departure as well as the （ ）of the trip.问题1选项A.arrivalB.imageC.destinationD.sequence【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。arrival意为“到达，抵达”；image意为“形象，印象，画像”；destination意为“目的地，终点”；sequence意为“一系列，一连串，顺序”。句意：火车票应注明出发地点和旅行目的地。4. 单选题It is our （ ）policy that we will achieve unity through peaceful means.问题1选项A.consistentB.continuousC.considerateD.continual【答案】A【解析】形近词辨析题。consistent始终如一的，坚持的；continuous连续的；considerate体贴的，考虑周到的；continual持续不断的，频繁的。句意：通过和平的方式实现统一，这是我们一贯的政策。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题The successful cooperation between the two countries should be based on （ ）respect and help.问题1选项A.respectiveB.mutualC.simultaneousD.separate【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。respective意为“各自的，分别的”；mutual意为“相互的，彼此的，共有的”；simultaneous意为“同时发生（或进行）的，同步的”；separate意为“独立的，分开的”。句意：两个国家之间的成功合作应建立在相互尊重和帮助的基础上。6. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day.” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old boy might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, （ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” most probably means “ （ ）”.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.is gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attentionB.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seems【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第二段的内容“but can render the apology ineffective.leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.”“但是”这个词会让道歉不起作用.这让受伤害的人觉得他应该为自己的错误行为道歉，而不是期待别人的道歉。根据题干意思，如果一位母亲在道歉之后加上“but”这个词， 。选项A和B均无法在原文中找到对应信息；选项C错误，这种道歉方式会让道歉无效，所以孩子并不会觉得容易接受；只有选项D“孩子可能觉得他应该向母亲道歉”符合原文，所以正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据关键句“Im sorry youre upset.”定位到第三段最后一句“this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.”这表明你允许自己因为别人的所作所为感到沮丧，自己多少也有错。潜在意思就是说，我知道你很难过，但这不应该怪我。选项B符合原文。第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“其次是笼统的一般性的道歉，它避免点明特别伤害或侮辱他人的具体行为，而且道歉的人应该承诺永远不再这样做。说“作为父母我很没用”并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步。”由此可推断，笼统的道歉并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步，所以它是无效的；而且是笼统的道歉，也就是模糊的，所以本题选C。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段首句“But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry.”即使孩子们看到了真诚悔悟的例子，他们仍然需要一些帮助来意识到道歉的复杂性。选项A与原文不符，所以错误；选项C太过于片面，帮助不一定来自于父母，不能只考虑这一种因素，所以选项C也错误；选项D在文中没有提及。根据下文具体的内容可知，作者是根据孩子的年龄来具体举例的，所以选项B“孩子的年龄应该被考虑进去”符合原文。第5题:判断推理题。结合原文内容可知，本文主要讲的是父母应该如何更好的道歉以便能够教会自己的孩子道歉。不涉及社会问题，所以选项A和C范围过于宽泛，不恰当；选项B很明显不符合原文；选项D“道歉并不像看起来的那么简单”符合原文，文章列举了几种道歉的表达方法并且提及道歉具有复杂性，所以选项D正确。7. 单选题The meeting was（ ） by the National Association of Women for the purpose of furthering the womens liberation movement.问题1选项A.chairedB.sponsoredC.participatedD.assigned【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。chair意为“担任（会议、讨论等的）主席，主持（会议、讨论等）”；sponsor意为“赞助（活动、节目）等，主办，举办”；participate意为“参加，参与”；assign意为“分派，选派，分配”。句意：会议由全国妇女协会主办，目的是促进妇女解放运动。8. 单选题We must get the trapped victims out at once because the building is in （ ）danger of an explosion.问题1选项A.opaqueB.vividC.muteD.imminent【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。opaque不透明的，迟钝的；vivid生动的；mute沉默的，无声的；imminent即将来临的，迫近的。句意：我们必须立即把被困的受害者救出来，因为这个建筑有马上要爆炸的危险。所以选项D正确。9. 单选题With the help of the government, a large number of people （ ）after the flood in 1991.问题1选项A.survivedB.suspendedC.sufferedD.subjected【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。survive “幸存，生还”；suspend“延缓”；suffer “遭受，允许，宽恕”；subject“使遭受”。句意：在政府的帮助下，很多人在1991年的洪水中幸存下来。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题On New Years Eve, New York City holds an outdoor （ ）which attracts a crowd of a million or more people.问题1选项A.incidentB.eventC.caseD.affair【答案】B【解析】同义词辨析题。四个词都有事件的意思，incident指的是突发的，概率较小的事件；event指大型的活动或事件；case一般指案件；affair一般指私事。句意：在新年前夕，纽约市举行了一场户外活动，吸引了100多万人参加。根据参加的人数可推测活动规模之大，所以选项B更恰当。11. 单选题I was about to （ ）a match when I remembered Toms warning.问题1选项A.rubB.hitC.scrapeD.strike【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。rub摩擦；hit打击，碰撞；scrape刮擦；strike撞击，打，擦。strike a match为固定搭配，表示“划火柴”。句意：我正要划火柴时想起了汤姆的警告。所以选项D正确。12. 单选题Cares should be taken to decrease the length of time that one is（ ）loud continuous noise.问题1选项A.associated withB.subjected toC.filled withD.attached to【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。be associated with意为“与联系”；be subjected to意为“受到，被折磨”；be filled with意为“充满，装满”；be attached to意为“附属于，喜爱”。句意：应注意缩短人们遭受持续噪声的时间长度。13. 单选题Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a （ ）as if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.问题1选项A.fantasyB.dilemmaC.contradictionD.conflict【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想，幻觉”；dilemma“困境，进退两难”； contradiction “矛盾，否认，反驳”；conflict “冲突，斗争”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他经常进退两难，不知道做什么。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school.We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since the depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute（贫民）.Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?3.The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because （ ）.4.According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government（ ）.5.Why does the author say “Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require” (Lines 11-13, Para. 3)（ ）.问题1选项A.How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.B.How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.C.How to improve the public education system.D.How to solve the rising unemployment problem.问题2选项A.The requirement of educated workers by business.B.The trend toward a shorter workday.C.Raising of the legal age for going to work.D.Peoples concern for the future of the next generation.问题3选项A.the unemployed are too poor to continue their educationB.a new leisure class has developedC.they are still suffering from the depressionD.an increase in taxes could be a problem问题4选项A.should allocate Federal funds for public educationB.should demand that local communities provide supportC.should raise taxes to meet the needs of public educationD.should first of all solve the problem of unemployment问题5选项A.Only by appropriating an adequate Federal funds for education can the next generation have a bright future.B.Citizens at all parts of the country agree that the best way to support education is to use Federal funds.C.People all over the country should make contributions to education in the interest of the next generation.D.Educated people are determined to use part of the Federal funds to help the poor.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。本文主要讲的是法定就业年龄的提高以及就业难度大等问题导致更多的人转而接受教育。但是由于经济大萧条的原因，公共机构以及社区无法为教育提供资金。作者认为只有依靠联邦救济才能解决问题。选项A“如何说服当地社区提供更多的资金”显然不符合原文；选项C“如何完善公共教育体系”不正确，本文主要涉及的是资金问题而不是教育体系的问题；选项D“如何解决日益严重的失业问题”不是本文的重点，本文的重点是解决教育资金短缺的问题，所以选项D不正确，选项B“如何解决公共教育经费短缺的问题”正确。第2题:细节事实题。根据第一段的二三句“The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached.”学校面临的主要困难是学生人数的大量增加。这是由于进入工业的法定年龄提高了，即使到了法定年龄也不可能找到工作。选项C符合原文。第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“public agencies for adult education”定位到第二段的内容“They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.”当一切结束时，他们（成人教育公共机构）的境况也不会好多少。他们的支持必须来自纳税人。由此可知，他们的主要问题在于税收，而涉及税收的只有选项D。第4题:判断推理题。根据最后一段中的“The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so.”解决失业问题的办法是联邦救济。公共教育问题的答案可能必须也是一样的，而且确实如此。由此可推断，联邦政府应该为公共教育筹集联邦资金。选项A正确。第5题:判断推理题。这句话的意思是“只有一个决心毁灭下一代的民族才会拒绝接受公共教育可能需要的联邦资金”，也就是说只有拨出足够的联邦资金来扶持教育，我们的下一代才能有光明的前途。选项A正确；选项B中的“Citizens at all parts of the country”表述错误，这个观点只是作者提出的，原文也没有提及全体公民都同意这一观点；选项C“为了下一代的利益，全国人民应该为教育做出贡献”不符合原文，作者的观点是联邦资金扶持教育而不是全国人民作出贡献；选项D“受过教育的人决心用联邦基金的一部分来帮助穷人”在文中没有信息涉及，所以不正确。15. 单选题While the doctor analyzed the patients condition, his family waited outside in considerable （ ）.问题1选项A.tensionB.anticipationC.eagernessD.anxiety【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。tension意为“拉紧，（精神、局势等）紧张。”；anticipation意为“期待，希望”；eagerness意为“渴望，热心，热切”；anxiety意为“焦虑，挂虑，忧虑”。句意：医生分析病人的病情时，他的家人在外面相当焦急地等待着。16. 单选题A hush fell over the guests who had（ ）for the wedding celebration.问题1选项A.assembledB.participatedC.attendedD.summoned【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assemble “集合，聚集”；participate “参与，分享”；attend “参加”；summon “召唤，召集”。句意：为结婚庆典而聚在一起的客人们安静下来了。选项A符合题意。17. 单选题The （ ）is nearly dead, so I cannot start the car again.问题1选项A.beanB.beamC.brakeD.battery【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。bean “豆；毫无价值的东西”；beam “横梁，光线，电波”; bake “烤，烘烤食品”；battery “电池,蓄电池”。句意：电池没电了，所以我不能启动车。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题It was such a(n) （ ）when Pat and Mike met each other in Tokyo. Each thought that the other was still in Hong Kong.问题1选项A.occurrenceB.coincidenceC.fancyD.destiny【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。occurrence “发生，事件”；coincidence “巧合，一致”；fancy “幻想，想象力”；destiny “命运，天命”。句意：派特和迈克能在东京偶遇是多么巧合的一件事。俩人都以为对方在香港。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题He was proud of being chosen to participate in the game and he （ ）us that he would try as hard as possible.问题1选项A.insuredB.guaranteedC.assumedD.assured【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。insure确保，投保；guarantee保证，担保，一般指对事物的品质或人的行为作出“担保”；assume假定，设想；assure保证，担保，使确信，一般指：使人对某事感到肯定或放心。句意：被选中参加比赛让他感到很自豪，并向我们保证他会尽他最大的努力。选项D更符合语境。20. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on （扰乱） Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles, they were young beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates. So relationships dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because（ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small familiesB.It is getting closer to American-style capitalismC.It has limited consumer choice despite a free marketD.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization问题3选项A.warm and lightheartedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earnersB.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualismC.To examine the trend of young people living aloneD.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“法国社会学家发现上个世纪从家庭生活转变为个人生活是个人主义必然的一部分”（The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century），选项A“他们被个人主义所驱使”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“现在独居的人出现在欧洲从社会民主转向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义期间”（The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism），选项B“它正在接近美国式资本主义”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到最新的独居者是一些三四十岁的高收入者，他们年轻、漂亮、强壮 （the newest crop of singles are high earners in their