考研考博-考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题含答案28

考研考博-考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题There he was Americas first President with a MBA, the man who loves to boast about his business background, whose presidential campaign raised unprecedented sums from corporate Wallets and whose cabinet is stuffed with chief executives. Faith in the integrity of American business leaders was being undermined, George Bush said fiercely, by executives “breaching trust and abusing power.” It was time for “a new ethic of personal responsibility in the business community”. He was going to “end the days of cooking the books, shading the truth and breaking our laws”.Only months ago, the idea that George Bush would publicly lambaste Americas cooperate bosses was laughable. As a candidate, born on the wave of a decade-long economic boom and an unprecedented 18-year bull market, he cashed in on Americans love affair with corporate success. But things are different now. The stock market bubble has burst and, despite signs of economic recovery, Wall Street seems to be sunk in gloom. A string of scandals at some of Americas most high-flying firms-including Enron, Xerox. Tyco, Global Crossing and most recently, World Com-has radically changed the public mood.As political pressure for reform increases, so too does the heat on Mr. Bush. Is the businessmans president really prepared to take business on and push hard for reform? Despite the set jaw and aggrieved tone in New York. Probably not, Mr. Bush thinks the current crisis stems from a few bad-apple chief executives rather than the system as a whole. Hence he focuses on tough penalties for corrupt businessmen and his plea for higher ethical standards. The president announced the creation of a financial-crimes SWAT team, at the Justice Department to root out corporate fraud, and wants to double the maximum prison sentence for financial fraud from five to ten years. But he offered few concrete suggestions for systemic reform: little mention of changes to strengthen shareholders rights, not even an endorsement of the Senate corporate-reform bill. There are few signs yet that cleaning up corporate America is an issue that animates the voters. Polls show that Americans have little faith in their business leaders, but politicians do not seem to be suffering as a result. Mr. Bushs approval ratings have fallen from their sky-highs, but they are still very strong.The president, therefore, need do no more than talk tough. This alone will convince ordinary Americans that he is on top of the issue. As the economy rebounds and public outage subsides, the Clamor for change will be quieter. Democratic attacks will fizzle, and far-reaching reform bills will be watered down before they become law. Politically, the gamble makes sense. Unfortunately for American capitalism, a great opportunity will be missed.1.According to the passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?2.We can infer from the third paragraph that Mr. Bush3.Which of the following statements about Mr. Bush is mentioned in this passage?4.The authors attitude towards the reform is （ ）.5.The phrase “a great opportunity in the last paragraph refers to an opportunity to问题1选项A.Bush had to offer concrete suggestions for reform as political pressure increase.B.At present, the maximum prison sentence for financial fraud is five years.C.It is laughable that Mr. Bush publicly attacked Americas corporate bosses.D.Americans have little faith in their business as well as political leaders.问题2选项A.didnt intend to take business on and push hard for reformB.did not do anything at all for the presence of the current situationC.took shareholders right into account, but he didnt approve reform billD.took some measures to pave the way for the reform问题3选项A.Mr. Bush is the second President with an MBA in American history.B.My. Bush contributes a lot to decade-long economic boom.C.Mr. Bushs approval ratings are still high.D.My Bush didnt get support in his presidential campaign.问题4选项A.indifferentB.optimisticC.skepticalD.favorable问题5选项A.carry out reformB.boom economyC.animate the votersD.attack chief executive【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.根据文章第三段：Is the businessmans president really prepared to take business on and push hard for reform? Despite the set jaw and aggrieved tone in New York. Probably not,虽然在纽约他紧咬牙关，语 气坚决，但很有可能他不会推行改革。确定 A选项Bush had to offer concrete suggestions for reform as political pressure increase. 随着政治压力的增加，布什不得不提出具体的改革建议。错误，排除。根据第三段“wants to double the maximum prison sentence for financial fraud from five to ten years. 希望将金融诈骗罪的最高刑期从5年提高一倍至10年。确定B选项现在的商业欺诈最长的刑期是5年正确。C选项根据语义布什总统公开批判美国企业老板是可笑的，可判断表述错误。根据在第三段末尾：Polls show that Americans have little faith in their business leaders, but politicians do not seem to be suffering as a result. 民意调查显示，美国人对他们的商界领袖缺乏信心，但政客们似乎并没有因此而受到影响。确定D选项 Americans have little faith in their business as well as political leaders. 美国人对他们的企业和政治领袖几乎没有信心。错误。2.由第三段Is the businessmans president really prepared to take business on and push hard for reform? Despite the set jaw and aggrieved tone in New York. Probably not,虽然在纽约他紧咬牙关，语 气坚决，但很有可能他不会推行改革。确定 A选项didnt intend to take business on and push hard for reform,布什不打算承担重任，也不打算大力推进改革正确。3.根据文章第一段“他趁机利用了美国公司的成功”可排除选项B。根据第三段最后一句Polls show that Americans have little faith in their business leaders, but politicians do not seem to be suffering as a result. Mr. Bushs approval ratings have fallen from their sky-highs, but they are still very strong. 民意调查显示，美国人对他们的商界领袖缺乏信心，但政客们似乎并没有因此而受到影响。布什总统的支持率已经从最高点下降，但是仍然非常强劲。确定C选项Mr. Bushs approval ratings are still high.正确。4.文章的最后一段讲，随着经济回暖，对改革的呼声会越来越弱。 但对美国的资本主义来讲，却错失了个好机会。从中可以看出，作者是很希望改革的， 他是赞同改革的。所以A选项正确。5.文章的最后一句话提到“将会错失绝好的机会”，这个机会指的是前一句提到的far-reaching reform。所以A选项正确。2. 翻译题Modem science has opened up the path for the progress of production techniques and determined the direction of their development. Many new instruments of production and technological processes first see the light of day in the scientific laboratories. A series of newborn industries have been founded on the basis of newly-emerged disciplines of science and technology. Of course there are and there will be many theoretical research topics with no practical application in plain sight for the time being. However a host of historical facts have proved that once a major breakthrough is scored in theoretical research, it means tremendous progress for production and technology sooner or later.Contemporary natural sciences are being applied to production on an unprecedented scale and at a higher speed than ever before. This has given all fields of material production an entirely new look. In particular the development of electronic computers and automation technology is raising the degree of automation in production. With the same amount of manpower and in the same number of work-hours, people can turn out scores or hundreds of times more products than before. How is it that the social productive forces have made such tremendous advances and how is it that labor productivity has increased by such a big margin? Mainly through the power of science, the power of technology. Therefore, we maintain that the development of modem science and technology has linked science and production even closer together. As part of the productive forces, science and technology are coming to play an even greater role than ever before.【答案】现化科学为生产技术的进步开辟了道路，并且确定了生产技术的发展方向。许多新的生产工具、和新的工艺流程，首先在科学实验室里问世。一系列新兴的产业，都是建立在新兴的各类科学技术学科基础上的。当然，目前和将来也会有许多理论的研究主题很显然暂时没有实际价值。但是，大量的历史事实已经说明：理论研究一旦获得重大突破，迟早会 给生产和技术带来极其巨大的进步。当代自然科学正以空前的规模和速度应用于生产，使社会物质生产的各个领域面貌一新。特别是电子计算机和自动化技术的发展正在迅速提高生产自动化的程度。 在相同数量的人力和工作时间的情况下，人们可以生产出比以前多几十倍或几百倍的产品。社会生产力是如何取得这样巨大的进展呢？劳动生产率怎么会提高这么大呢？这主要是科技的力量。因此，我们认为现化科技的发展己经将科学和生产更为紧密的联系 在一起了。作为生产力发展的一部分，科技正发挥着比以往任何时候都更大的作用。3. 翻译题One of the dilemmas of this decade has been whether to approach modem education in terms of the generalist or the specialist. Some universities require all students to take a common core of courses from a broad range of disciplines, appealing to the generalist approach to education. Yet, choosing the core courses in light of todays explosion in information and diverse multicultural student populations has not been an easy task. How does one select what it is that everyone should know? Other universities continue to tailor their courses to the more immediate professional needs of their students, appealing to the specialist approach to education. But without a core curriculum, students often lack the shared knowledge necessary to participate effectively in an integrated society.【答案】这十年我们所面临的矛盾之一，究竟应该从通才还是专才的角度来看待现代教育。有些大学要求所有的学生都要选修一门涵盖广泛学科的共同核心课程，这对通才教育很有吸引力。但是，考虑到今天的信息爆炸和学生来自不同的文化背景，选择共同课程不是一件容易的事。如何确定哪些是每个人都应该知道的东西？另一些大学强调专才教育，根据学生更直接的专业需要来调整他们的课程。但是没有一个共同课程，学生常常缺乏有效参与一个综合的社会所需要的共同知识。【解析】这十年我们所面临的矛盾之一，究竟应该从通才还是专才的角度来看待现代教育。有些大学要求所有的学生都要选修一门涵盖广泛学科的共同核心课程，这对通才教育很有吸引力。但是，考虑到今天的信息爆炸和学生来自不同的文化背景，选择共同课程不是一件容易的事。如何确定哪些是每个人都应该知道的东西？另一些大学强调专才教育，根据学生更直接的专业需要来调整他们的课程。但是没有一个共同课程，学生常常缺乏有效参与一个综合的社会所需要的共同知识。4. 翻译题在不久的将来，3D打印技术将走进千家万户。有了 3D打印机后，人人都可以通过数码设计制造出各种想象中的物体，或者借用不管来自世界哪个角落的某种设计。只需按一个钮，3D打印机就可以用一层层的塑料或其它材质，把你设计的物品在你眼前“打印”出来。10年前的科幻小说情节如今己经成为现实。事实上，能让我们的电脑打印纸质文档的点矩阵(dot-matrix)打印机，这是不久之前才发明出来的，而现在3D打印机 又以同样的方式，使我们梦想的各种物体都能呈现在我们眼前。有了 3D打印机的魔力， 人人都是制造商，唯一能限制我们的，就是我们的想象力。【答案】It wont be long before everyone will have access to a 3D printer. Armed with a 3D printer, everyone can create their own digital design for any imagined object or borrow a design from anywhere around the world. By simply pressing a button makers can set a 3D printer into motion rendering the physical object with layers of plastic or other material right before their eyes. What was science fiction ten years ago is reality today. It wasnt long ago we listened to the whir of a dot-matrix printer spitting out documents from our computers, now a 3D printer renders any object we can dream up the same way. With the magic of 3D printing capability we are all manufacturers, constrained only by our imaginations.5. 翻译题I think that, from a biological standpoint, human life almost reads like a poem. It has its own rhythm and beat, its internal cycles of growth and decay. It begins with innocent childhood, followed by awkward adolescence trying awkwardly to adapt itself to mature society, with its young passions and follies, its ideals and ambitions; then it reaches a manhood of intense activities, profiting from experience and learning more about society and human nature; at middle age, there is a slight easing of tension, a mellowing of character like the ripening of fruit or the mellowing of good wine, and the gradual acquiring of a more tolerant, more cynical and at the same time a kindlier view of life; then in the sunset of our life, the endocrine glands decrease their activity, and if we have a true philosophy of old age and have ordered our life pattern according to it, it is for us the age of peace and security and leisure and contentment; finally, life flickers out and one goes into eternal sleep never to wake up again. One should be able to set the beauty of this rhythm of life, to appreciate, as we do in grand symphonies, its main theme, its strains of conflict and the final resolution. The movements of these cycles are very much the same in a normal life, but the relic must be provided by the individual himself.【答案】我认为，从生物学的角度来看，人生就像一首诗。它有自己的韵律和节奏，自有内在的生长与衰亡周期。它开始于天真的童年，紧随其后的是稚拙的青春期，带着年轻的激情和愚笨，笨拙而努力地走向成熟；后来人到壮年，经历渐广，阅人渐多，涉世渐深；乃至中年，节奏渐缓，个性沉淀如熟果，如美酒，更具容忍之心，愈发愤世嫉俗，却待人生愈发温和；再后来到暮年时，内分泌系统活动减少，如果我们已经悟得老年真谛，且据此安顿残年，则生活将平和、宁静、安详且美满；最后生命之光摇曳而逝，人开始永恒的长眠，不再醒来。人应能感受这种生命韵律之美，就如欣赏交响乐一样，欣赏其主旋律、激昂的高潮和舒缓的尾声。生命的乐章大同小异，但每个人应谱写出自己独有的乐曲。6. 单选题Sleep is a funny thing. Were taught that we should get seven or eight hours a night, but a lot of us get by just fine on less, and some of us actually sleep too much. A study out of the University of Buffalo reported that people who routinely sleep more than eight hours a day and are still tired are nearly three times as likely to die of strokeprobably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously sleep deprived. When I was training to become a neurosurgeon, it was not unusual to work 40 hours in a row without rest. Most of us took it in stride, confident we could still deliver the highest quality of medical care. Maybe we shouldnt have been so sure of ourselves. An article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a persons motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is legally intoxicated. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often dont think twice about operating without enough sleep.“I could tell you horror stories,” says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website where residents can post anonymous anecdotes. Some are terrifying. “I was operating after being up for over 36 hours,” one writes. “I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.”“Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work,” writes another. “I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a Jersey barrier on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m.p.h.” “Your own patients have become the enemy,” writes a third, because they are “the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep.”Agrawals organization is supporting the Patient and Physician Safety and Protection Act of 2001, introduced last November by Representative John Conyers Jr. of Michigan. Its key provisions, modeled on New York States regulations, include an 80-hour workweek and a 24-hour work-shift limit. Most doctors, however, resist such interference. Dr. Charles Binkley, a senior surgery resident at the University of Michigan, agrees that something needs to be done but believes “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government.”The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If youre worried about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more-rested staffers are available. Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.21. We can learn from the first paragraph that _.22. Speaking of the sleep problems doctors fact, the author implies that _.23. Paragraph 3 and 4 are written to _.24. By “doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government” (paragraph 5), Dr. Charles Binkley means that _.25. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?问题1选项A.people who sleep less than 8 hours a day are more prone to illnessB.poor sleep quality may be a sign of physical disorderC.stroke is often associated with sleepD.too much sleep can be as harmful as lack of sleep问题2选项A.doctors often need little sleep to keep them energeticB.doctors sleep is deprived by residentsC.doctors tend to neglect their own sleep problemD.sleep-deprived doctors are intoxicate问题3选项A.entertain the audience with some anecdotesB.discuss the cause of doctors sleep problemsC.show the hostility doctors harbor against their patientsD.exemplify the danger doctors face caused by lack of sleep问题4选项A.doctors should not abide by governments regulationsB.the government is interfering too muchC.the regulations about workweek and work shift are too specificD.law cannot force a doctor to sleep while his conscience can问题5选项A.Patients should control the hours of their doctors.B.Pilots and truck drivers work in safer environments than that of doctors.C.Patients are facing more risks if their doctors are not adequately rested.D.People concerned have the right to remove their doctor from their positions.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C【解析】21.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句probably as a result of an underlying disorder that keeps them from snoozing soundly.（这可能是一种潜在的紊乱导致他们无法熟睡的结果。），说明潜在的紊乱可能导致人们睡眠质量不高，虽然睡眠时间长，但仍然感到疲惫。因此B选项“睡眠质量差可能是身体紊乱的表现”正确。A选项“每天睡眠时间少于8小时的人更容易患病”，原文说的是每天睡眠时间超过8小时但仍然感到疲倦的人更容易患病，所以A选项错误。C选项“中风常与睡眠有关”，D选项“睡眠时间过长与睡眠不足的危害一样大”在文中没有提及，所以C，D错误。22.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence is grounds for dismissal often dont think twice about operating without enough sleep.（令人好奇的是，那些认为醉酒做手术应该被免职的外科医生对于在睡眠不足的情况下做手术却很少认真思考。），说明医生们虽然认为醉酒做手术应该受到严惩，但却不会考虑自己在睡眠不足的情况下做手术的问题。因此C选项“医生往往忽视自己的睡眠问题”正确。A选项“医生需要很少的睡眠就可以保持精力充沛”在文中没有提及，所以A错误。B选项“医生的睡眠被住院医生剥夺了”，原文说的是住院医生以缺少睡眠而著称，所以B错误。在D选项“睡眠不足的医生是喝醉了”，原文说的是一个人如果连续24小时不睡，那么到了早晨他的运动能力就和喝醉了酒的人差不多，并不是说睡眠不足的医生就是喝醉了，所以D错误。23【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。文章第二段指出医生睡眠不足以及医生对此缺乏重视的问题，接着在第三、四段举了几个例子I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly face planted into the wound.（我差不多站着睡着了，而且我的脸几乎碰到了伤口。），Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from workI know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a Jersey barrier on the New Jersey Turnpike, going 65 m.p.h.（实际上我认识的每个外科住院医生都曾经有过在下班开车回家的路上在方向盘上睡着的经历我听说有三个人还曾经撞在停放好的汽车上。另一个人在纽约收费公路上行驶时以65英里的时速撞上了一个收费站栏杆。），说明了睡眠不足的医生可能带来的危害。因此D选项“体现了医生因睡眠不足而面临的危险”正确。A选项“用一些趣闻轶事来娱乐读者”，B选项“讨论医生睡眠问题的原因”，C选项“表现出医生对患者的敌视态度”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。24.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第五段第三句Most doctors, however, resist such interference.（不过，大多数医生讨厌这种干涉。），并进一步引用Charles Binkley医生的话进行论证doctors should be bound by their conscience, not by the government.（医生应该受到良心的约束，而不是政府的管制。），说明Charles Binkley也认为政府干预过多了。因此B选项“政府干涉太多”正确。A选项“医生不应该遵守政府的规定”，C选项“关于工作周和工作班次的规定过于具体化”，D选项“法律不能强迫医生睡觉，而他的良心却可以”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。25.【试题答案】C【试题解析】观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Doctors, for their part, have to give up their pose of infallibility and get the rest they need.（对医生来说，他们不能继续摆出一副从不出错的样子，而应该得到充分的休息。），说明作者在最后给医生提出建议，认为医生应该放弃他们决不出错的姿态，得到充足的休息，否则病人就只能听天由命了。因此C选项“如果医生没有得到充分的休息，患者将面临更多的风险”正确。A选项“患者应该控制医生的工作时间”，B选项“飞行员和卡车司机的工作环境比医生的工作环境更安全”，D选项“有关人员有权解除医生的职务”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，D错误。7. 翻译题TWO nuclear bombs are among many curious machines which the Science Museum stores at an old airfield in Wiltshire. An early hovercraft stands with a fleet of submersibles and a truck that once roamed the Antarctic. Now a new acquisition is on the way. Around the runway workers are preparing to lay out 155,000 solar panelsat about 170 acres, one of the biggest solar farms in Britain.Though Britains hillsides are peppered with wind turbines, solar panels produce less than half of one percent of its power. Racing to hit a European target that requires it to generate 30% of its electricity from renewable sources by 2020, the government wants a lot more. Gregory Barker, an energy minister, says the solar industry could expand sixfold within a decade. Laid on the ground, that many panels would fill an area of about 150 square miles.Fields full of solar panels are less obtrusive than hillside turbines, and simpler to install. Whereas opposition to wind power is mounting, about 85% of Britons back new solar projects. Big arrays may even encourage some kinds of wildlife, for example by sheltering ground-nesting birds.It is also getting cheaper. The cost of installing solar panels has fallen by half since 2010 due to heavy deployment in Germany and elsewhere. Weak British sunlight makes energy from solar farms about 25% more expensive than from onshore wind turbinesand more than twice the wholesale price of powerbut the government expects a 20% reduction by 2020.