考研考博-考博英语-华东交通大学模拟考试题含答案20

考研考博-考博英语-华东交通大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Technological developments（ ）new skills in many industries，leaving those workers with outdated skills out of work.问题1选项A.necessitateB.associateC.negotiateD.differentiate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项necessitate“使成为必要，需要”，B选项associate“联想，联系”，C选项negotiate“谈判，商议”，D选项differentiate“区分，使有差别”。句意：技术的发展使许多行业产生了新技能，使那些拥有过时技能的工人失业。因此，A选项符合句意。2. 单选题There are many who believe that the use of force（ ）political ends can never be justified.问题1选项A.in search ofB.in pursuit ofC.in view ofD.in light of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in search of“寻找”；B选项in pursuit of“在追求时”；C选项in view of“鉴于”；D选项in light of“按照”。句意：许多人认为用武力实现政治目的永远不可能是正当的。本句表示对政治目的的追求。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Investigators believe the fire was caused by（ ）electrical wiring. They said the buildings wiring had not been done by a professional electrician.问题1选项A.soberB.faultyC.promptD.fussy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项sober“清醒的”；B选项faulty“错误的”；C选项prompt“敏捷的”；D选项fussy“爱挑剔的”。句意：调查人员认为火灾是由错误的电线引起的。他们说，大楼的布线不是由专业电工完成的。本句表示错误的电线布线。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy. These figures from the Department of Education are sufficient: 27 million Americans cannot read at all, and a further 35 million read at a level that is less than sufficient to survive in our society.But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading. It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception. We know very little about the brain and how it deals with simultaneous conflicting input, but every common-sense intuition suggests we should be profoundly alarmed. This violation of concentration, silence, solitude goes to the very heart of our notion of literacy; this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration, let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart. Not by brain, by heart; the expression is vital.Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one. Ahead of us lie technical, psychic, and social transformations probably much more dramatic than those brought about by Gutenberg, the German inventor in printing. The Gutenberg revolution, as we now know it, took a long time; its effects are still being debated. The information revolution will touch every fact of composition, publication, distribution, and reading. No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as weve known it.1. The picture of the reading ability of the American people, drawn by the author, is（ ）.2.The authors biggest concern is（ ）.3.A major problem with most adolescents who can read is（ ）.4.The author claims that the best way a reader can show admiration for a piece of poetry or prose is（ ）.5.About the future of the arts of reading the author feels（ ）.问题1选项A.quite encouragingB.fairly brightC.very impressiveD.rather bleak问题2选项A.the reading ability and reading behavior of the middle classB.the surprisingly low rate of literacy in the U.S.C.the musical setting American readers require for readingD.elementary school childrens disinterest in reading classics问题3选项A.their fondness of music and TV programsB.their lack of attentiveness and basic understandingC.their ignorance of various forms of art and literatureD.their inability to focus on conflicting input问题4选项A.to make a fair appraisal of its artistic valueB.to analyze its essential featuresC.to think it over conscientiouslyD.to be able to appreciate it and memorize it问题5选项A.upsetB.uncertainC.alarmedD.pessimistic【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者所描绘的美国人的阅读能力是怎样的？根据原文第一段的首句It is hardly necessary for me to cite all the evidence of the depressing state of literacy.（我几乎没有必要列举所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）。由此可知，D选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者最关心的是？根据原文第二段的首句But my own worry today is less that of the overwhelming problem of elemental literacy than it is of the slightly more luxurious problem of the decline in the skill even of the middle-class reader, of his unwillingness to afford those spaces of silence, those luxuries of domesticity and time and concentration, that surround the image of the classic act of reading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关），由此可知A选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是：大多数识字青少年最主要的一个问题是？根据原文第二段中的It has been suggested that almost 80 percent of Americas literate, educated teenagers can no longer read without an accompanying noise (music) in the background or a television screen flickering at the corner of their field of perception.（有人认为，近80%有文化，受过良好教育的美国青少年，没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴就无法阅读）以及this new form of part-reading, of part-perception against background distraction, renders impossible certain essential acts of apprehension and concentration（而这种边阅读边在背景干扰下进行理解的新方法使某些基本的理解和集中行为变得不可能），由此可知，B选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者认为，读者对一篇诗歌或散文表现赞赏的最好方式是？根据第二段倒数第二句let alone that most important tribute any human being can pay to a poem or a piece of prose he or she really loves, which is to learn it by heart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里），由此可知D选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。5.观点态度题。题目问的是：关于阅读艺术的未来，作者的感觉是怎样的？根据原文最后一段的第一句Under these circumstances, the question of what future there is for the arts of reading is a real one.（在这种情况下，阅读艺术的未来是什么，这确实是一个大问题。）以及最后一句话No one in the book industry can say with any confidence what will happen to the book as weve known it.（在图书界没有人能自信地说他知道未来将会发生什么。）由此可推断，作者认为阅读艺术的未来充满了不确定性，所以选项B正确。5. 单选题There was a（ ）drop in support for the Union in the 1974 election.问题1选项A.delicateB.distinctC.distantD.downward【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delicate“微妙的”；B选项distinct“明显的”；C选项distant“冷漠的”；D选项downward“向下的”。句意：在1974年的选举中，支持联邦的人数明显下降。本句表示支持率明显下降，因此B选项正确。6. 单选题The statistics Ive cited and the living examples are all too familiar to you. But what may not be so familiar will be the increasing number of women who are looking actively for advancement of for a new job in your offices. This woman may be equipped with professional skills and perhaps valuable experience. She will not be content to be Executive Assistant to Mr. Seldom Seen of the Assistant Vice Presidents Girl Friday, who is the only one who comes in on Saturday.She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined to be.Her forerunner was the radical feminist who interpreted her trapped position as a female as oppression by the master class of men. Men, she believed, had created a domestic, servile role for women in order that men could have the career and the opportunity to participate in making the great decisions of society. Thus the radical feminist held that women through history had been oppressed and dehumanized, mainly because man chose to exploit his wife and the mother of his children. Sometimes it was deliberate exploitation and sometimes it was the innocence of never looking beneath the pretensions of life.The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy. The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant, class-warfare tone. Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, Germaine Greer, and many others hammered home their ideas with a persistence that aroused and intrigued many of the brightest and most able women in the country. Consciousness-raising groups allowed women to explore both their identities and their dreamsand the two were often found in direct conflict.What is the stereotyped role of American women? Marriage. A son. Two daughters. Breakfast. Ironing. Lunch. Bowling, maybe a garden club of for the very daring, non-credit courses in ceramics. Perhaps an occasional cocktail party. Dinner. Football or baseball on TV. Each day the same. Never any growth in expectations unless it is growth because the husband has succeeded. The inevitable question: “Is that all there is to life?” The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms.” was born in the year of the death of the magazine “Life.” But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist.It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through the use of education. Remember that for many decades the education of women was not supposed to be useful.1. What was the main idea of this passage?2.What was the authors attitude toward the radical?3.What does the word “militant” mean?4.What was the radical feminists view point about the male?问题1选项A.The Second Wave of Feminist.B.Womens Independent Spirits.C.The Unity of Women.D.The Action of Union.问题2选项A.He supported it wholeheartedly.B.He opposed it strongly.C.He disapproved to some extent.D.He ignored it completely.问题3选项A.Aggressive.B.Ambitions.C.Progressive.D.Independent.问题4选项A.Women were exploited by the male.B.Women were independent of the male.C.Womens lives were deprived by the male.D.The male were their common enemy.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段举了一个具体的例子，第二段指明She is the symbol of what I call the Second Wave of Feminism. She is the modern woman who is determined to be.（她是我所说的第二次女权主义浪潮的象征。她就是现代女性的代表。），接下来全文围绕女权运动展开论述。因此A选项“第二次女权主义浪潮。”最符合文章主旨。B选项“女性的独立精神”和C选项“女性的团结”只是文章的一个方面，不能概括文章主旨，所以B，C错误。D选项“工会的行动”在文中没有提及，所以D错误。2.观点态度题。由题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段中The rapid growth of many feminist organizations attests to the fact that these radical feminists had touched some vital nerves. The magazine “Ms.” was born in the year of the death of the magazine “Life.” But too often the consciousness-raising sessions became ends in themselves. Too often sexism reversed itself and man-hating was encouraged. Many had been with the male chauvinist.（许多女权主义组织的迅速发展证明了这样一个事实，即这些激进的女权主义者已经触动了一些重要的神经。女士杂志就在生活杂志停刊那年诞生。可是唤起觉醒的会议常常成为这些活动的目的。性别歧视常常颠倒过来，鼓励憎恨男人。许多人都曾是大男子主义者。），表明了作者对激进分子有点批评、不满的态度。接下来最后一段又说到It is not difficult, therefore, to detect a trend toward moderation. Consciousness-raising increasingly is regarded as a means to independence and fulfillment, rather than a ceremony of fulfillment itself. Genuine independence can be realized through competence, through finding a career, through the use of education.（因此，不难发现一种温和的趋势。提高觉悟越来越被认为是独立和实现的手段，而不是实现本身的仪式。真正的独立可以通过能力，通过寻找事业，通过教育来实现。），说明了作者的观点：独立是靠踏实工作，提高妇女自身的能力来实现的。因此C选项“在某种程度上不赞成。”最能说明作者对激进分子的态度。A选项“全心全意地支持”，B选项“强烈反对”，D选项“完全忽视”的说法都过于绝对，所以A，B，D错误。3.词义推测题。由题干关键词“militant”可以定位到文章第四段第三句The first phases of feminism in the last five years often took on this militant, class-warfare tone.（在过去的五年里，女权主义的首要方面经常以这种激进的、阶级斗争的调子出现。），说明过去五年的女权运动斗争性很强。因此A选项“好斗的”符合题意。B选项“雄心壮志的”，C选项“进步的”，D选项“独立的”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“radical feminist”可以定位到第四段第一、二句The radical feminists found strength in banding together. Coming to recognize each other for the first time, they could explore their own identities, realize their own power, and view the male and his system as the common enemy.（激进的女权主义者在紧密团结中找到了力量。第一次她们认识了自己，她们可以探索自我，意识到她们的力量，把男人及其制度视为她们共同的敌人。），说明激进女权主义者对男性的看法是把他们视作共同的敌人。因此D选项“男性是她们共同的敌人。”正确。A选项“女性被男性剥削”，B选项“女性独立于男性”，C选项“女性的生活被男性剥夺”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，C错误。7. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those who living in（ ）populated areas.问题1选项A.abundantlyB.intenselyC.denselyD.intensively【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；B选项intensely“强烈地”；C选项densely“浓密地，密集地”；D选项intensively“集中地，广泛地”。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，前后形成对比。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。人口稠密用“densely populated”，所以选项C正确。8. 单选题Can the Internet help patients jump the line at the doctors office? The Silicon Valley Employers Forum, a sophisticated group of technology companies, is launching a pilot program to test online “virtual visits” between doctors at three big local medical groups and about 6,000 employees and their families. The six employers taking part in the Silicon Valley initiative, including heavy hitters such as Oracle and Cisco Systems, hope that online visits will mean employees wont have to skip work to tend to minor ailments or to follow up on chronic conditions. “With our long commutes and traffic, driving 40 miles to your doctor in your hometown can be a big chunk of time,” says Cindy Conway, benefits director at Cadence Design Systems, one of the participating companies.Doctors arent clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone. Only 1 in 5 has ever emailed a patient, and just 9 percent are interested in doing so, according to the research firm Cyber Dialog. “We are not stupid,” says Stirling Somers, executive of the Silicon Valley employers group. “Doctors getting paid in a critical piece is getting this to work.” In the pilot program, physicians will get $20 per online consultation, about what they get for a simple office visit.Doctors also fear theyll be swamped by rambling e-mails that tell everything but whats needed to make a diagnosis. So the new program will use technology supplied by Healinx, an Alameda, Calif-based start-up. Healinxs “Smart Symptom Wizard” questions patents and turns answers into a succinct message. The company has online dialogues for 60 common conditions. The doctor can then diagnose the problem and outline a treatment plan which could include E-mailing a prescription or a face-to-face visit.Can E-mail replace the doctors office? Many conditions, such as persistent cough, require a stethoscope to discover whats wrong and to avoid a malpractice suit. Even Larry Bonham, head of one of the doctors groups in the pilot, believes the virtual doctors visits offer a “very narrow” sliver of service between phone calls to an advice nurse and a visit to the clinic.The pilot program, set to end in nine months, also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service. So far, the internets record in the health field has been underwhelming. The experiment is “a huge roll of the dice for Healinx”, notes Michael Barrett, an analyst at Internet consulting firm Forester Research. If the “Web visits” succeed, expect some HMOS (Health Maintenance Organizations) to pay for online visits. If doctors, employers, and patients arent satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up is to stand down.1. The Silicon Valley employers promote the E-health program for the purpose of（ ）.2.What can be learned about the on-line doctors visits?3.According to Paragraph 2, doctors are（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the future of online visits will mostly depend on whether（ ）.问题1选项A.rewarding their employeeB.gratifying the local hospitalsC.boosting worker productivityD.testing a sophisticated technology问题2选项A.They are a quite promising business.B.They are funded by the local government.C.They are welcomed by all the patients.D.They are very much under experimentation.问题3选项A.reluctant to serve online for nothingB.not interested in Web consultationC.too tired to talk to the patients onlineD.content with $20 paid per Web visit问题4选项A.the employers would remain confident in themB.they could effectively replace office visitsC.HMOS would cover the cost of the serviceD.new technologies would be available to improve the E-health project【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第三句hope that online visits will mean employees wont have to skip work to tend to minor ailments or to follow up on chronic conditions.（希望在线访问将意味着员工不必为了照顾小病或慢性病而翘班。），说明电子健康计划的目的是让员工花更多的时间在工作上，提高生产力。因此C选项“提高工人生产力”正确。A选项“奖励他们的员工”，B选项“让当地医院满意”，D选项“测试复杂的技术”均不能说明该计划的目的，所以A，B，D错误。2.推理判断题。A选项“是一个前景很好的行业”，由原文If doctors, employers, and patients arent satisfied, figure on one more E-health start-up is to stand down.（如果医生、雇主和病人都不满意，还有一家电子健康计划初创企业将退出。）可知该计划的前景还不明朗，所以A错误。B选项“是由当地政府资助的”，文中没有提及政府资助，所以B错误。C选项“受到所有病人的欢迎”在文中没有提及，所以C错误。D选项“处于实验阶段”，由原文可知并非所有的医生都支持该项目，且在线看病还不能完全替代医院看病，是否能达到预期目的也有待观察，说明该项目还处于实验阶段，所以D选项正确。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句Doctors arent clamoring to chat with patients online for free; they spend enough unpaid time on the phone.（医生们并没有吵着要和病人在网上免费看病，他们花在电话上的无酬时间已经够多了。），说明医生不愿意无偿在线看病。因此A选项“不愿无偿在线看病”正确。B选项“对网络咨询不感兴趣”，由原文可知有9%的人感兴趣，所以B选项错误。C选项“太累了，无法在网上和病人交谈”，在文中没有提及，所以C错误。D选项“满足于每次网上看病的20美元薪酬”，文中没有说到他们满足于这个薪酬，所以D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到最后一段第一句also hopes to determine whether online visits will boost worker productivity enough to offset the cost of the service（该计划还希望确定在线看病是否会提高工人的生产率，足以抵消服务成本），说明只有在线看病能发挥其效果，能够抵消服务成本，即在线看病能替代医院看病时，该项目才有前景。因此B选项“可以有效地替代医院看病”正确。A选项“雇主会对他们保持信心”，C选项“HMOS将支付服务费用”，D选项“将利用新技术改进电子健康项目”均不是项目成功的关键，所以A，C，D错误。9. 单选题The Benefits of New Urbanism(1) New urbanism is the most important planning movement in this century, and is about creating a better future for us all. It is an international movement to reform the design of the built environment, and is about raising our quality of life and standard of living by creating better places to live in. New urbanism is the revival of our lost art of place-making, and is essentially a re-ordering of the built environment into the form of complete cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoodsthe way communities have been built for centuries around the world. New urbanism involves fixing and infilling cities, as well as the creation of compact new towns and villages. The benefits of new urbanism are as follows:Benefits to Residents(2) Higher quality of life; better places in which to live, work, and play; more stable property values; less traffic congestion and less driving; healthier lifestyle with more walking and less stress; close proximity to main street retail and services; close proximity to bike trail, parks, and nature; pedestrian friendly communities offer more opportunities to get to know others in the neighborhood and town, resulting in meaningful relationships with more people, and friendlier town; more freedom and independence to children, the elderly, and the poor in being able to get to jobs recreation, and services without the need for a car or someone to drive them; great savings to residents and school boards in reduced busing costs from children being able to walk or bicycle to neighborhood schools; more diversity and smaller, unique shops and services with local owners who are involved in community; big savings by driving less, and owning less cars; less ugly, congested sprawl to deal with daily; better sense of place and community identity with more unique architecture; more open space to enjo