考研考博-考博英语-华中科技大学模拟考试题含答案18

考研考博-考博英语-华中科技大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题Comedian George Carlin has a routine in which he talks about how humans seem to spend their lives accumulating “stuff”. Once theyve gathered enough stuff, they have to find places to store all of it. If Carlin were to update that routine today, he could make the same （1） about computer information. It seems that everyone with a computer spends a lot of time acquiring data and then trying to find a way to （2）it.For some computer owners, finding enough storage space to hold all the data theyve acquired is a real challenge. Some people invest in larger hard drives. Others prefer （3） storage devices like thumb drives or compact discs. Desperate computer owners might delete entire folders worth of old files in order to make space for new information. （4） some are choosing to rely on a growing trend: cloud storage.While cloud storage sounds like it has something to do with weather （5） and storm systems, it really refers to saving data （6） an off-site storage system maintained by a third party. （7） storing information to your computers hard drive or other local storage device, you save it to a remote database. The Internet provides the connection between your computer and the database.On the surface, cloud storage has several advantages （8） traditional data storage. For example, if you store your data on a cloud storage system, youll be able to get to that data from any location that has Internet access. You （9） need to carry around a （10） storage device or use the same computer to save and （11）your information. With the right storage system, you could even allow other people to access the data, turning a personal project into a（12）effort.So cloud storage is convenient and offers more （13）, but how does it work?There are hundreds of different cloud storage systems. Some have a very specific （14）, such as storing Web e-mail messages or digital pictures. Others are （15）to store all forms of digital data. Some cloud storage systems are small operations, while others are so large that the physical equipment can fill （16） an entire warehouse. The facilities that（17） loud storage systems are called data centers.At its most basic level, a cloud storage system needs just one data server （18）to the Internet. A client, e. g. a computer user subscribing to a cloud storage service sends copies of files over the Internet to the data server, which then records the information. When the client wishes to retrieve the information, he or she accesses the data server through a Web-based interface. The server then either sends the files back to the client or allows the client to access and manipulate the files on the server itself.Cloud storage systems generally rely on hundreds of data servers. Because computers （19） require maintenance or repair, its important to store the same information on multiple machines. This is called redundancy. Without redundancy, a cloud storage system couldnt （20） clients that they could access their information at any given time. Most systems store the same data on servers that use different power supplies. That way, clients can access their data even if one power supply fails.问题1选项A.examinationB.observationC.inspectionD.acquaintance问题2选项A.storeB.updateC.processD.calculate问题3选项A.internalB.portableC.localD.external问题4选项A.ButB.WhileC.AndD.So问题5选项A.forecastB.reportC.frontsD.system问题6选项A.ontoB.toC.inD.upon问题7选项A.Apart fromB.Other thanC.Instead ofD.Regardless of问题8选项A.thanB.exceptC.forD.over问题9选项A.shouldntB.wouldntC.mustntD.couldnt问题10选项A.physicalB.substantialC.tangibleD.local问题11选项A.storeB.shareC.accessD.retrieve问题12选项A.comprehensiveB.collaborativeC.coordinatedD.combining问题13选项A.opportunityB.chanceC.convenienceD.favor问题14选项A.focusB.purposeC.useD.operation问题15选项A.availableB.capableC.applicableD.desirable问题16选项A.inB.upC.forD.into问题17选项A.holdB.saveC.houseD.run问题18选项A.connectingB.connectedC.connectD.being connected问题19选项A.probablyB.inconvenientlyC.invariablyD.occasionally问题20选项A.ensureB.promiseC.assureD.guarantee【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B第7题:C第8题:D第9题:B第10题:A第11题:D第12题:B第13题:C第14题:A第15题:A第16题:B第17题:C第18题:D第19题:B第20题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。examination 考试；observation观察；inspection检查；acquaintance 泛泛之交。make an observation about sth.，就某事发表看法。选项B符合要求。2.考查动词辨析。store储存；update更新；process加工；calculate计算。联系上文，与前文“to store all of it”对应。句意：试图找到储存它的方式。3.考查形容词辨析。internal内部的；portable便捷的；local地方的；external外部的；下文“thumb drives or compact discs”（拇指驱动器或光盘），这些都是外部的存储设备，选项D符合要求。4.考查逻辑连接词。But但是，表转折；while然而，表让步；And并且，表递进；So因此，表因果。根据上下文可判断出本句前后构成转折关系。选项A符合要求。5.考查固定搭配。forecast预报；report报道；fronts前面；锋面；system系统。weather fronts为固定搭配，意为“前锋，锋面”。6.固定用法。save . to.，意为“将存储到上”。句意：将数据保存到异地存储系统上。7.考查逻辑连接词。本句前后的逻辑关系是对比关系。apart from“远离，除之外”；other than“除了，不同于”，一般不用于句首；instead of“代替”；regardless of“不管，不顾”。选项C符合句意。8.考查介词辨析。than 比；except除了；for为了；over超过。句意：云储存有一些超过传统数据储存的优势。选项D符合句意。9.考查情态动词辨析。Couldnt表示不能；wouldnt表示不会；Shouldnt表示不应该，语气比较委婉；mustnt表示禁止，语气比较强烈。选项B项符合要求。10.考查固定用法。physical物理的；substantial巨大的；tangible有形的；local本地的，地方的。Physical storage device为固定用法，意思为“物理存储器”。11.考查动词辨析。store储存；share分享；access获得，得到；retrieve检索，恢复，取回。句意：不必用同一台电脑存储和获取信息。retrieve“恢复，重新得到”。选项D符合句意。12.考查形容词辨析。comprehensive“综合的”,collaborative“合作的”，coordinated“协同的”，combining“混合的”。句意：将个人项目转化为多个人努力。选项B符合句意。13.考查名词辨析。opportunity“时机”，chance“机会”，convenience“便利”，favor“帮助，赞成”；句意：云储存能提供更多的便利。选项C符合句意。14.考查名词辨析。focus“焦点，关注”；purpose“目的，用途”；use“使用，用途”；operation“操作，经营”；句意：一些云储存系统拥有十分专门的关注点。选项A符合句意。15.考查形容词辨析。available“可获取的”，capable“能够的，可以的”，applicable “适用的”，desirable“需要的，期望的”。句意：其他的能用来储存各种形式的数据。选项A符合句意。16.考查介词辨析。fill in“填写，填充，替代”；fill up“装满，堵塞”；fill into“填入，填充”；fill后面不直接接for。句意：塞满整个仓库。选项B符合句意。17.考查动词辨析。hold“支撑”，save“存储”，house“把储存在房内”，run“管理”；句意：把云存储系统储藏在房内。选项C符合句意。18.考查后置定语。句意：一个云储存系统只需要一台连接网络的数据服务器。与逻辑主语构成被动关系。过去分词做后置定语。选项B符合要求。19.考查副词辨析。probably“可能地”；inconveniently“不方便地”；invariably“总是，不变地”；occasionally“偶尔，间或”。句意：计算机偶尔需要维修。选项D符合句意。20.考查动词辨析。ensure“确保某事发生”；promise“承诺”; assure“表示向某人保证某事将要发生”； guarantee“对人的行为及履行义务等承担责任的保证”。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题For years scholars have contrasted slavery in the United States and in Brazil, stimulated by the fact that racial patterns assumed such different aspects in the two countries after emancipation. Brazil never developed a system of rigid segregation of the sort that replaced slavery in the United States, and its racial system was fluid (a situation that is fluid is likely to change) because its definition of race was based as much on characteristics such as economic status as on skin color. Until recently, the most persuasive explanation for these differences was that Portuguese institutions especially the Roman Catholic church and Roman civil law, promoted recognition of the slaves humanity. The English colonists, on the other hand, constructed their system of slavery out of whole cloth (whole cloth: pure fabrication usually used in the phrase out of whole cloth). There were simply no precedents in English common law, and separation of church and state barred Protestant clergy from the role that priests assumed in Brazil.But the assumption that institutions alone could so powerfully affect the history of two raw and malleable frontier (a new field for exploitative or developmental activity) countries seems, on reexamination, untenable. Recent studies focus instead on a particular set of contrasting economic circumstances and demographic profiles at significant periods in the histories of the two countries. Persons of mixed race quickly appeared in both countries. In the United States they were considered to be Black, a social definition that was feasible because they were in the minority. In Brazil, it was not feasible. Though intermarriage was illegal in both countries, the laws were unenforceable in Brazil since Whites formed a small minority in an overwhelmingly Black population. Manumission for persons of mixed race was also easier in Brazil, particularly in the nineteenth century when in the United States it was hedged about with difficulties. Furthermore, a shortage of skilled workers in Brazil provided persons of mixed race with the opportunity to learn crafts and trades, even before general emancipation, whereas in the United States entry into these occupations was blocked by Whites sufficiently numerous to fill the posts. The consequence was the development in Brazil of a large class of persons of mixed race, proficient in skilled trades and crafts, who stood waiting as a community for freed slaves to join.There should be no illusion that Brazilian society after emancipation was color-blind. Rather, the large population of persons of mixed race produced a racial system that included a third status, a bridge between the Black caste and the White, which could be traversed by means of economic or intellectual achievement, marriage, or racial heritage. The strict and sharp line between the races so characteristic of the United States in the years immediately after emancipation was simply absent. With the possible exception of New Orleans, no special “place” developed in the United States for persons of mixed race.Sad to say, every pressure of society worked to prevent their attaining anything approximating the economic and social position available to their counterparts in Brazil.21.In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with （ ）.22.According to the passage, early scholars explained the differences between the racial systems that developed in the United States and in Brazil as the result of which of the following factors?23.In the context in which it is found, the phrase “constructed their system of slavery out of whole cloth” (Paragraph 1, Line 8) implies that the system of slavery established by theEnglish settlers was（ ）.24.The author implies that the explanation proposed by early scholars for the differences between the systems of slavery in the United States and in Brazils （ ） .25.The author mentions intermarriage, manumission, and the shortage of skilled workers in Brazil primarily in order to establish which of the following?问题1选项A.contrasting the systems of slavery that were established in Brazil and in the United StatesB.criticizing the arguments of those scholars who considered religion and law to be the determinants of the systems of slavery in Brazil and in the United StatesC.describing the factors currently thought to be responsible for the differences in the racial patterns that evolved in Brazil and in the United StatesD.advocating further study of the differences between the racial systems that developed in Brazil and in the United States问题2选项A.Institutional.B.Demographic.C.Economic.D.Geographical.问题3选项A.based on fabrications and liesB.tailored to the settlers particular circumstancesC.intended to serve the needs of a frontier economyD.developed without direct influence from the settlers, religion or legal system问题4选项A.stimulating to historians and legal scholarsB.more powerful than more recent explanationsC.persuasive in spite of minor deficienciesD.questionable in light of current scholarly work问题5选项A.The environment in which Brazils racial system developed.B.The influence of different legal and economic conditions in Brazil and the United States on the life-style of persons of mixed race.C.The origins of Brazils large class of free skilled persons of mixed race.D.The differences between treatment of slaves in Brazil and in the United States.【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:C【解析】21.主旨归纳题。文章开篇提出“For years scholars have contrasted slavery in the United States and in Brazil, stimulated by the fact that racial patterns assumed such different aspects in the two countries after emancipation.（奴隶解放后，巴西没有什么歧视，而美国却有严重的歧视）”这一现象，接着在机制、经济和人群等方面围绕该问题进行详细论述。即可得出本题答案。22.细节事实题。根据题干关键词可定位到原文第一段第三句。“Until recently, the most persuasive explanation for these differences was that Portuguese institutions especially the Roman Catholic church and Roman civil law, promoted recognition of the slaves humanity.（直到最近，对这些差异最有说服力的解释是，葡萄牙的制度，尤其是罗马天主教会和罗马民法，促进了对奴隶人性的承认。）”即可得出本题答案。23.语义题。根据题干关键词可定位到原文第一段第四句。“The English colonists, on the other hand, constructed their system of slavery out of whole cloth (whole cloth: pure fabrication usually used in the phrase out of whole cloth).”即可得出本题答案。24.细节推理题。根据题干关键词the explanation proposed by early scholars可定位到原文第二段第一句。“But the assumption that institutions alone could so powerfully affect the history of two raw and malleable frontier (a new field for exploitative or developmental activity) countries seems, on reexamination, untenable.（但是，单凭制度就能如此有力地影响两个原始的、可塑的前沿国家（剥削或发展活动的新领域）的历史，这一假设，在重新审视之后，似乎是站不住脚的。）”即可得出本题答案。25.细节推断题。根据题干关键词 intermarriage, manumission, the shortage of skilled workers 等可定位到原文中的第二段第5-7句。“In Brazil, it was not feasible. Though intermarriage was illegal in both countries, the laws were unenforceable in Brazil since Whites formed a small minority in an overwhelmingly Black population. Manumission for persons of mixed race was also easier in Brazil, particularly in the nineteenth century when in the United States it was hedged about with difficulties.（在巴西，这是不可行的。尽管异族通婚在这两个国家都是非法的，但由于白人在绝大多数黑人人口中只占少数，这些法律在巴西无法实施。在巴西，为混血儿提供服务也比较容易，特别是在19世纪，当时在美国，这种服务受到种种困难的限制。）”即可得出本题答案。3. 单选题Feminist critics have long debated the extent to which gender plays a role in the creation and interpretation of texts. Androgynist poetics, rooted in mid-Victorian womens writing, contends that the creative mind is sexless, but from the 1970s on, many feminist critics rejected the idea of the genderless, mind, finding that the imagination cannot evade conscious or unconscious structures of gender which is part of culture-determination where separating imagination from the self is impossible.The Female Aesthetic, expressing a unique female consciousness in literature, spoke of the “female vernacular, the Mother Tongue, a powerful but neglected womens culture”. Virginia Woolf discusses how a woman writer seeks within herself “the pools, the depths, the dark places where the largest fish slumber”, inevitably colliding against her own sexuality to confront “something about the body, about the passions”. Accessible to men and women alike, but representing female sexual morphology, this method sought a way of writing which literally embodied the female, thereby fighting the subordinating, linear style of classification or distinction.It must be admitted that there are problems with the Female Aesthetic that feminist critics themselves recognized. For instance, they avoided defining exactly what constituted their writing style, as any definition would then categorize it and safely subsume it as a genre under the linear patriarchal structure its very restlessness and ambiguity defied identification as part of its identity. Some feminists and women writers could feel excluded by the surreality of the Female Aesthetic and its stress on the biological forms of female experience, which also bear close resemblance to essentialism. Men may try their hand at writing womans bodies, but according to the feminist critique, only a woman whose very biology gave her an edge could read these texts successfully a position which, worst of all, risked marginalization of womens literature and theory.Later, Gynocritics attempted to resolve some of these problems, by agreeing that womens literature lay as the central concern for feminist criticism but rejecting the concept of an essential female identity and style, while simultaneously seeking to revise Freudian structures by emphasizing a Pre-Oedipal phase wherein the daughters bond to her mother inscribes the key factor in gender identity. Matriarchal values dissolve intergenerational conflicts and build upon a female tradition of literature rather than the struggle of Oedipus and Lais at the crossroads. Lastly and most promising in its achievement of a delicate balance are developments of an over-arching gender theory, which considers gender, both male and female, as a social construction built on biological differences. Gender theory proposes to explore ideological inscription and the literary effects of the sex/gender system, opening up the literary theory stage and bringing in questions of masculinity into feminist theory. Taking gender as a fundamental analytic category brings feminist criticism from the margin to the center, though it risks depoliticizing the study of women.30.Which of the following titles best summarizes the content of the passage?31.The author specifically mentions all of the following issues that have been considered in the evolution of feminist literary criticism EXCEPT（ ） .32.The author refers to “the largest fish” (Paragraph 2) primarily in order to （ ） .33.According to the passage, the greatest risk posed by the feminist theories, like the FemaleAesthetic, which posit the existence of an “essential” or non-constructed gender is in （ ） .34.It can be inferred that the author would define the “delicate balance” mentioned in the last paragraph as the equilibrium between（ ）.35.It can be inferred from the passage that the author would most likely describe the evolution of feminist literary theory as （ ）.问题1选项A.A Historical Overview of Feminist Literary CriticismB.Establishing New Feminist Concepts of GenderC.The Precarious Feminist Compromise in Politics and ArtD.A New Theory of Literary Criticism问题2选项A.the place of women in the literary canonB.the question of culture in determining genderC.the role of Freud in theorizing gender identityD.the effect of biological differences on textual style问题3选项A.suggest a refuge from the long history of sexist literary criticismB.offer a sense of political purpose that can only be awakened through literatureC.articulate the possibility for escape from the confines of gendered identityD.reference a unique feminist identity that must be extracted somehow from the body问题4选项A.creating a dead-end for feminist literary criticism by attacking the notion of an androgynist poeticsB.reinforcing sexist notions that women cannot emulate the literary style of menC.pushing feminist writing out of the mainstream by arguing that men are unable to fully comprehend womens writingD.relying too heavily on the theories of Freud, under which identity is the product of biology问题5选项A.establishing ties between generations of women writers and fighting patriarchal influenceB.assigning the proper weight to the concept of gender as socially constructed and biologically inheritedC.actively fighting and passively documenting the literary effects of the sex/gender systemD.avoiding marginalization on the political fringes and de-politicization in the political mainstream问题6选项A.a gradual movement from the idea of genderless writing to a writing that originates in the womans bodyB.a shift between adversarial criticism to more tolerant varieties of criticismC.a regular fluctuation between the idea of genderless and gendered writing that gradually settles on a compromiseD.a more or less constant pursuit of the goal of establishing a unique niche for womens literature【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B