2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第175期

2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The owner of a car is no longer forced to rely on public transportation and is therefore, not（ ）to work locally.问题1选项A.compelledB.obligedC.restrictedD.repelled【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项compelled“强迫”；B选项obliged“约束”；C选项restricted“限制”；D选项repelled“击退”。句意：有车的人不再被迫依赖公共交通，因此也就不再局限于在当地工作。本句表示工作地点不受到限制，因此C选项正确。2. 单选题Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to（ ）their comfortable home.问题1选项A.come in forB.catch up withC.look forward toD.hold on to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come in for“受到”；B选项catch up with“赶上”；C选项look forward to“期待”；D选项hold on to“维持”。句意：虽然他们失去了工作，但储蓄和失业救济使这对夫妇能够继续维持他们舒适的家庭。本句表示维持家庭，因此D选项正确。3. 翻译题我国先秦思想家就提出了“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”的思想，反映了自古以来中国人民就希望天下太平、同各国人民友好相处。今天，专心致志进行现代化建设的中国人民，更需要有一个长期的和平国际环境和良好的周边环境。我国的对外政策，是以和平为宗旨的。我们坚持在和平共处五项原则，特别是在相互尊重、平等互利、互不干涉内政的原则基础上，同世界各国建立和发展友好合作关系。我们绝不会把自己曾经遭受欺凌的苦难加之于人。中国的发展与进步，不会对任何人构成威胁。将来中国富强起来了，也永远不称霸。中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的坚定力量。【答案】As early as in the pre-Qin Dynasty, Chinese thinkers put forward the idea of “benevolence and good neighborliness are the treasures of a country”, which reflects the Chinese peoples desire for world peace and friendly relations with people of all countries since ancient times. Today, the Chinese people, dedicated to modernization, need more than ever a long-term peaceful international environment and a good surrounding environment. Chinas foreign policy is based on peace. We are committed to establishing and developing friendly relations and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, especially the principles of mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit and mutual non-involvement in each others internal affairs. We will never inflict on others the hardships we have suffered from bullying. Chinas development and progress will pose no threat to anyone. In the future, when China becomes rich and strong, it will never claim hegemony either. China will always be a staunch force for world peace and regional stability.4. 单选题An important factor in determining how well you perform in an examination is the（ ）of your mind.问题1选项A.stateB.caseC.situationD.circumstance【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项state“状态”；B选项case“案例”；C选项situation“情况”；D选项circumstance“状况”。句意：决定你在考试中表现如何的一个重要因素是你的心态。本句表示思想的状态，只能和state搭配，因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Many women still feel that they are being（ ）by a male culture, particularly in the professional services sector.问题1选项A.held backB.held forthC.held onD.held out【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项held back“阻碍”；B选项held forth“提供”；C选项held on“坚持”；D选项held out“伸出”。句意：许多女性仍然感到男性文化阻碍了她们的发展，尤其是在专业服务领域。本句表示男性文化阻碍了女性的发展，因此A选项正确。6. 单选题Two boys were caught smoking in school but the principal let them（ ）with a warning.问题1选项A.aloneB.offC.inD.out【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项let alone“不打扰，不惊动”；B选项let off“排放，宽恕”，表示宽恕的意思时，通常构成短语let sb. off with sth.，宽恕某人做某事；C选项let in“让进来”；D选项let out“加宽，放宽”。句意：两个男孩在学校抽烟被抓住了，但校长只警告他们一下就放过了。本句表示宽恕了他们。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题In most of the human civilization of which we have any proper records, youth has drawn on either art or life for models, planning to emulate the heroes depicted in epics on the shadow play screen or the stage, or those known human beings, fathers or grandfathers, chiefs or craftsmen, whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated. As recently as 1910, this was the prevailing condition in the United States. If he came from a nonliterate background, the recent immigrant learned to speak, move, and think like an American by using his eyes and ears on the labor line and in the homes of more acculturated cousins, by watching school children, or by absorbing the standards of the teacher, the foreman, the clerk who served him in the store. For the literate and the literate children of the nouliterate, there was artthe story of the frustrated artist in the prairie town, of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first. And at a simpler level, there were the Western and Hollywood fairy tales which pointed a moral but did not, as a rule, teach table manners.With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the “accurate”, “checked” details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for “human documents” in Depression daysa necessary substitute for proletarian art among middle class writers who knew nothing about proletarians, and middleclass readers who needed the shock of verisimilitudea new era in American life was ushered in, the era in which young people imitated neither life nor art nor fairy tale, but instead were presented with models drawn from life with minimal but crucial distortions. Doctored life histories, posed carelessness, “candid” shots of people in their own homes which took hours to arrange, pictures shot from real life to scripts written months before supplemented by national polls and surveys which assured the reader that this bobby soxer did indeed represent a national norm or a growing trendreplaced the older models.1.This article is based on the idea that（ ）.2.Stories of the second generation battling against the limitations of the first were often responsible for（ ）.3.The countermovement against Hollywood was a movement（ ）.4.The author attributes the change in attitudes since 1910 to（ ）.5.The word “distortions” at the end of the 1st sentence in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.people today no longer follow modelsB.people attach little importance to whoever they followC.people generally pattern their lives after modelsD.people no longer respect heroes问题2选项A.inspiring literate immigrantsB.frustrating educated immigrantsC.preventing the assimilation of immigrantsD.instilling into immigrants an antagonistic attitude toward their forebears问题3选项A.toward realismB.toward fantasyC.against the teaching of moralsD.away from realism问题4选项A.a logical evolution of ideasB.widespread moral decayC.the influence of the pressD.a philosophy of plenty问题5选项A.presentationsB.misinterpretationsC.influencesD.limitations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句In most of the human civilization of which we have any proper records, youth has drawn on either art or life for models, planning to emulate the heroes depicted in epics on the shadow play screen or the stage, or those known human beings, fathers or grandfathers, chiefs or craftsmen, whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated.（在我们有记录的大多数人类文明中，青年都以艺术或生活为范本，计划模仿在皮影戏屏幕或舞台上演出的史诗中描绘的英雄，或那些有名的人类、父辈或祖辈、酋长或工匠，他们的每一个特征都可以研究和模仿。），说明有史以来年轻人都会将各种各样的人作为偶像来模仿，整篇文章都是围绕着这个观点展开论述的。因此C选项“人们通常会模仿偶像的生活”正确。A选项“今天的人们不再模仿偶像”，由原文可知，现在这还是美国的普遍情况，所以A错误。B选项“人们对模仿的人都不重视”，D选项“人们不再尊重英雄”在文中没有提及，所以B，D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段倒数第二句For the literate and the literate children of the nouliterate, there was artthe story of the frustrated artist in the prairie town, of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first.（对于努士人的文人和文人子女来说，有艺术的故事在大草原城镇失意的艺术家的故事，第二代人与第一代人的局限性斗争的故事。），说第二代移民艺术家努力克服父辈缺陷的故事是用来激励移民变得有文化。因此A选项“激励有文化的移民”正确。B选项“使受过教育的移民感到失望”，C选项“防止移民的同化问题”，D选项“向移民灌输对其祖先的敌视态度”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the “accurate”, “checked” details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for “human documents” in Depression daysa necessary substitute for proletarian art among middle class writers who knew nothing about proletarians, and middleclass readers who needed the shock of verisimilitudea new era in American life was ushered in（随着反好莱坞运动的发展，随着摄影的兴起，随着时代-生活-财富式的报道，以及纽约客用死板的方式描述一个被遗忘的街道上的旧衣商的生活，或者说是用“准确”的方式来呈现，“检查”了一些人的生活细节，这些人的显赫地位给了至少一种许可攻击他们，随着大萧条时期对“人类文献”的热情在对无产阶级一无所知的中产阶级作家和需要真实性冲击的中产阶级读者中，这是无产阶级艺术的必要替代物美国生活迎来了一个新的时代。），说明在反对好莱坞的运动中，真实的现实生活被呈现出来，开启了美国的新时代。因此A选项“走向现实主义”正确。B选项“走向幻想”，C选项“违背道德教育”，D选项“脱离现实主义”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the “accurate”, “checked” details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for “human documents” in Depression days（随着反好莱坞运动的发展，随着摄影的兴起，随着时代-生活-财富式的报道，以及纽约客用死板的方式描述一个被遗忘的街道上的旧衣商的生活，或者说是用“准确”的方式来呈现，“检查”了一些人的生活细节，这些人的显赫地位给了至少一种许可攻击他们，随着大萧条时期对“人类文献”的热情），说明1910年以来人们态度变化的原因是多种多样的。因此D选项“丰富的理论”正确。A选项“思想的逻辑演变”，B选项“普遍的道德败坏”，C选项“新闻界的影响”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。5.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句the era in which young people imitated neither life nor art nor fairy tale, but instead were presented with models drawn from life with minimal but crucial distortions.（在这个时代，年轻人既不模仿生活，也不模仿艺术或童话，他们看到的是生活中的偶像，这些偶像就没有受到关键的扭曲。），说明在反好莱坞运动中，年轻人不再模仿生活中、或艺术及电影中的偶像，而是看到了真正来自于生活的没有被扭曲的偶像人物，此处“distortions”指的是偶像人物被误解。所以B选项“误解”正确。A选项“介绍”，C选项“影响”，D选项“限制”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。8. 单选题Just over a decade into the 21st century, womens progress can be celebrated across a range of fields. They hold the highest political offices from Thailand to Brazil, Costa Rica to Australia. A woman holds the top spot at the International Monetary Fund; another won the Nobel Prize in economics. Self-made billionaires in Beijing, tech innovators in Silicon Valley, pioneering justices in Ghana-in these and countless other areas, women are leaving their mark.But hold the applause. In Saudi Arabia, women arent allowed to drive. In Pakistan, 1000 women die in honor killings every year. In the developed world, women lag behind men in pay and political power. The poverty rate among women in the U.S. rose to 14.5% last year.To measure the state of womens progress. Newsweek ranked 165 countries, looking at five areas that affect womens lives: treatment under the law, workforce participation, political power, and access to education and health care. Analyzing data from the United Nations and the World Economic Forum, among others, and consulting with experts and academics, we measured 28 factors to come up with our rankings.Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined (神圣化). But there were some surprises. Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi. Does this suggest that a woman in a nations top office translates to better lives for women in general? Not exactly. “Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,” says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.Of course, no index can account for everything. Declaring that one country is better than another in the way that it treats more than half its citizens means relying on broad strokes and generalities. Some things simply cant be measured. And cross-cultural comparisons cant account for differences of opinion.Certain conclusions are nonetheless clear. For one thing, our index backs up a simple but profound statement made by Hillary Clinton at the recent Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation summit. “When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “Theres a stimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.”1.What does the author think about womens progress so far?2.In what countries have women made the greatest progress?3.What do Newsweek rankings reveal about women in Canada?4.What does Anne-Marie Goetz think of a woman being in a nations top office?5.What does Hillary Clinton suggest we do to make the world a better place?问题1选项A.It still leaves much to be desired.B.It is too remarkable to be measured.C.It has greatly changed womens fate.D.It is achieved through hard struggle.问题2选项A.Where women hold key posts in government.B.Where womens rights are protected by law.C.Where womens participation in management is high.D.Where women enjoy better education and health care.问题3选项A.They care little about political participation.B.They are generally treated as equals by men.C.They have a surprisingly low social status.D.They are underrepresented in politics.问题4选项A.It does not necessarily raise womens political awareness.B.It does not guarantee a better life for the nations women.C.It enhances womens status.D.It boosts womens confidence.问题5选项A.Give women more political power.B.Stimulate womens creativity.C.Allow women access to education.D.Tap womens economic potential.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.观点态度题。文章第一段介绍了女性在各个领域取得的进步，但接下来第二段说到But hold the applause.（但请不要鼓掌。），还有很多地方女性的地位和权力都落后于男性，所以作者对女性至今为止的进步的态度是觉得还有很多需要改进的地方。因此A选项“仍有许多需要改进的地方”正确。B选项“太了不起了，无法衡量”，C选项“极大地改变了女性的命运”，D选项“是通过艰苦奋斗实现的”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第一句Countries with the highest scores tend to be clustered in the West, where gender discrimination is against the law, and equal rights are constitutionally enshrined.（得分最高的国家往往集中在西方国家，在这些国家，性别歧视是违法的，平等权利在宪法中得到体现。），说明女性取得进步最大的国家是权利受到法律保护的国家。因此B选项“女性权利受到法律保护的地方”正确。A选项“女性在政府中担任重要职务的地方”，C选项“女性参与管理的程度高的地方”，D选项“女性享有较好的教育和医疗服务的地方”不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段第三、四句Some otherwise high-ranking countries had relatively low scores for political representation. Canada ranked third overall but 26th in power, behind countries such as Cuba and Burundi.（一些原本排名靠前的国家在政治代表性方面的得分相对较低。加拿大总体排名第三，但在权力方面排名第26位，落后于古巴和布隆迪等国。），说明加拿大的女性在政治代表性方面的程度较低。因此D选项“她们在政治上的代表性不足”正确。A选项“她们很少关心政治参与”，B选项“她们一般被男性平等对待”，C选项“她们的社会地位低得出奇”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B，C错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段最后一句“Trying to quantify or measure the impact of women in politics is hard because in very few countries have there been enough women in politics to make a difference,” says Anne-Marie Goetz, peace and security adviser for U.N. Women.（联合国妇女署和平与安全顾问安妮-玛丽-戈兹说：“试图量化或衡量妇女在政治中的影响是很难的，因为在很少的国家，有足够的女性在政治中发挥作用。”），说明安妮-玛丽-戈兹认为女性担任国家职务并不能对提升女性的地位起到作用。因此B选项“并不能保证国家女性过上更好的生活”正确。A选项“不一定能提高女性的政治意识”，C选项“能提高女性的地位”，D选项“能增强女性的信心”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。5.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段第三、四句“When we liberate the economic potential of women, we elevate the economic performance of communities, nations, and the world,” she said. “Theres a stimulative effect that kicks in when women have greater access to jobs and the economic lives of our countries: Greater political stability. Fewer military conflicts. More food. More educational opportunity for children. By harnessing the economic potential of all women, we boost opportunity for all people.”（“当我们解放女性的经济潜力时，我们就提高了社区、国家和全世界的经济表现。”，她说。“当女性有更多就业和参与国家经济生活的机会时，就会产生一种刺激效应：政治更稳定。更少的军事冲突。更多的食物。为孩子提供更多的教育机会。通过利用所有女性的经济潜力，我们将增加所有人的机会。”），说明希拉里克林顿认为应该解放女性的经济潜力，这样能让世界变得更美好。因此D选项“挖掘妇女的经济潜力”正确。A选项“给予女性更多的政治权力”，B选项“激发女性的创造力”，C选项“让女性有机会接受教育”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。9. 单选题（ ）he wanted to go out with his friends at the weekend, he had to stay behind to finish his assignment.问题1选项A.Much thoughB.Much asC.As muchD.Though much【答案】B【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：虽然他周末很想和朋友们出去，但他不得不留下来完成作业。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，much as表示尽管很，因此B选项正确。10. 单选题My grandfather had always taken a（ ）interest in my work, and I had an equal admiration for the stories of his time.问题1选项A.splendidB.weightyC.vagueD.keen【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项splendid“壮丽的”；B选项weighty“重的”；C选项vague“模糊的”；D选项keen“热切的”。句意：我的祖父一直对我的作品很感兴趣，我也同样欣赏他那个时代的故事。本句表示有浓厚的兴趣，因此D选项正确。11. 单选题If it（ ）too much trouble, Id love a cup of coffee.问题1选项A.hadnt beenB.isntC.werentD.may not be【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：如果不是很麻烦，我想要来杯咖啡。本题的would是一种委婉、礼貌的语气，表示请求，所以if从句是一个真实条件句，不是虚拟语气，直接用一般现在时，因此B选项正确。12. 单选题As you all know, the United States is a country on wheels. Nearly eight million new cars are made each year; four households out of five own at least one car, and more than a quarter have two each. Yet youll be surprised to learn that some of the car-owners even suffer from malnutrition.In 1968, a nation-wide survey of malnutrition was made for the first time. It found that 10 million people are suffering in health through inadequate feeding; the causes of their plight were varied. Unemployment over a long period should be considered as the main factor. And unemployment, strange to say, nine times out of ten results from automation, both in industrial and agricultural areas. For example, in the rural South when a cotton plantation suddenly cuts its force from 100 people to three, the problem to help the displaced arises. So is the case with industrial automation. In fact, probably 2 million jobs are made unnecessary each year in the whole country as a result of the automation process, thus making unemployment a chief social concern. According to government statistics, the number of people unemployed was over 5 percent for the period from 1958 to 1963. In July 1981, it rose to 7.8 percent. As a matter of fact, it has long been known that even during the most prosperous periods there have been people without enough to eat. So I think thats why President Kennedy said in his inauguration speech in 1961, if the government did not help the poor, it could not save the rich.In 1966, the Social Security Administration calculated that a family of four needed an income of $3,355 a year to be above the line of poverty. And in 1977, the average poverty line of the country was slightly more than $6,200 annual income for a non-farm family of four. According to the Social Security Act, families of that size below poverty line are eligible to receive benefits from the special welfare program. The average weekly payment of benefits now is equivalent to 36 percent of the workers normal wage. And the number of people who receive government benefits is increasing. In 1973, social insurance payments by governments, mainly to old age pensioners and people who had lost their jobs or were off work through illness, amounted to $86,000 million. Those not fully qualified for insurance payments received $29,000 million in public aid.But problems still exist. Many people are not reached by the anti-poverty program, because local authorities and agencies do not want to play their part or do not gave the resources to do so. Some poor people will not accept help for various reasons. Of course, there are some more important factors which lie in the structure of the society, but I dont consider it necessary to dig into them here. Yet we will perhaps agree that social welfare programs have solved to some extent the problems of feeding, clothing and housing those below the poverty line. On the whole, it perhaps might be said that American people are living a better life than people in most other countrie