2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第183期

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Dont trust the speaker any more, since the remarks he made in his lectures are never （ ）with the facts.问题1选项A.symmetricalB.comparativeC.compatibleD.harmonious【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。symmetrical “匀称的，对称的”；comparative “比较的，相当的”；compatible “可兼容的”；harmonious “和谐的”。句意：不要再相信演讲者了，因为他在演讲中所讲的永远与事实不符。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Some modem anthropologists hold that biological evolution （ ）not only human morphology but also human behavior.问题1选项A.has relatedB.is relatedC.is shapedD.has shaped【答案】D【解析】语法题。relate “有联系”；shape “形成，塑造”，根据句子结构，evolution和动词之间为主动关系，所以不用被动语态，选项B和C可排除。句意：一些现代人类学家认为，生物进化不仅塑造了人类的形态，而且还塑造了人类的行为。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题This week in Japan, some 10, 000（1） from across the globe will meet to examine what, for many of the worlds poorest people, are issues of life and death. At sessions in Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, the 3rd World Water Forum will （2）a crisis that currently forces more than one billion people to （3） sources contaminated with human waste, and leaves countless millions more with insufficient supplies to （4） their crops, or to spur industrial development. The meeting is the culmination of the International Year of Freshwater 2003, declared by the United Nations to （5） awareness of the worsening state of the worlds water resources.（6）that goal, the forum could hardly have been held at a less opportune moment. Events in Iraq may limit media（7） of the 3rd World Water Forum to mere footnote status. “Our discussions will have far more effect on humankind in the twenty-first century than the current crisis in the Middle East,” claims William Cosgrove, vice-president of the World Water Council, a think-tank dedicated to （8） water resources. But the forums organizers must know that there is little hope of gaining firm（9） from nations that are （10） war.问题1选项A.delegatesB.dedicatesC.dictatorsD.decision-makers问题2选项A.spotlightB.highlightC.brightenD.show问题3选项A.make use ofB.eat withC.drink fromD.grope for问题4选项A.plantB.cultivateC.transplantD.water问题5选项A.realizeB.achieveC.gainD.raise问题6选项A.ForB.But forC.GivenD.Giving问题7选项A.coverB.coveringC.coverageD.discover问题8选项A.improveB.improvingC.promoteD.promoting问题9选项A.commitmentsB.commitmentC.promisesD.promise问题10选项A.focusing withB.focused withC.focusing onD.focused on【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。delegate “代表”；dedicate “致力，动词”；dictator “独裁者”；decision-makers “决策者”。根据句子结构，可知空格填入一个名词，选项B可排除。句意：本周在日本，来自世界各地的约一万名代表将齐聚一堂，探讨对世界上许多最贫穷的人来说，什么是生死攸关的问题。选项A符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。spotlight “聚焦”；highlight “突出，强调”；brighten “使明亮”；show “展示，出示”。句意：在京都、志贺和大阪的会议上，第三节水资源大会将强调一场危机。选项B符合题意。（3）词汇辨析。make use of “使用，利用”；drink from “从喝”；grope for “探索”；eat with “用吃”。句意：目前迫使超过10亿人饮用被人类废弃物污染的水源。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Plant “种植”；cultivate “培养，培育”；transplant “移植，迁移”；water “浇水”。句意：这使得数以百万计的人没有足够的水来灌溉他们的庄稼，或者刺激工业发展。选项D符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。realize “意识到，认识到”；achieve “实现，达到”；gain “获得，增加”；raise “提高，提升”。句意：提高对世界水资源日益恶化状况的认识。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。Given引导条件状语从句，表鉴于、出于。句意：鉴于这一目标，本会议几乎不可能在不合时宜的时候举行。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。Media coverage “媒体报道”。句意：伊拉克事件可能会将媒体对第三届世界水资源会议的报道限制在脚注地位。选项C符合题意。（8）语法题。Dedicate to后接名词或动名词形式，因为to为介词。选项A和C可排除。Improve “改善”；promote “促进，提升”。句意：致力于改善水资源。选项B符合题意。（9）词汇辨析。Promise和commitment都有承诺的意思，但promise用于口语中，随意一些，commitment用于正式语中，更加正式。选项C和D可排除。又因为空格后的nations为复数，所以commitment也应该保持一致。选项A符合题意。（10）固定搭配。Be focused on “集中注意力”，没有be focused with搭配，选项A和B可排除。句意：但是，该论坛的组织者必须知道，从关注战争的国家那里获得坚定承诺的希望微乎其微。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题Excellent films are those which （ ）_ national and cultural barriers.问题1选项A.transcendB.traverseC.abolishD.suppress【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。transcend “胜过，超越”； traverse “穿过，来回移动，反驳”；abolish “废除，废止”；suppress “抑制，镇压”。句意：优秀的电影是那些超越国家和文化障碍的电影。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题The arts and Craft movement in the United States are responsible for （ ） change in attitudes toward the decorative arts, then considered the minor or household arts.问题1选项A.smashingB.sleepingC.sweepingD.switching【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。smashing “极好的，猛烈的”；sleeping “睡着的”；sweeping “影响广泛的，规模大的”；switching “开关，动词的-ing形式”。句意：美国的艺术和工艺运动使人们对装饰艺术的态度发生了翻天覆地的变化，它考虑到低层次的艺术或家庭艺术。选项C符合题意。6. 单选题If the old maxim that the customer is always right still has meaning, then the airlines that ply the worlds busiest air route between London and Paris have a flight on their hands.The Eurostar train service linking the UK and French capitals via the Channel Tunnel is winning customers in increasing numbers. In late May, it carried its one millionth passengers, having run only a limited service between London, Paris and Brussels since November 1994, starting with two trains a day in each direction to Paris and Brussels. By 1997, the company believes that it will be carrying ten million passengers a year, and continue to grow from there.From July, Eurostar steps its service to nine trains each way between London and Paris, and five between London and Brussels. Each train carries almost 800 passengers, 210 of them in first class.The airlines estimate that they will initially lose around 15%-20% of their London-Paris traffic to the railways once Eurostar starts a full service later this year (1995), with 15 trains a day each way. A similar service will start to Brussels. The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.In the short term, the damage caused by the 1 million people-levels traveling between London and Paris and Brussels on Eurostar trains means that some air services are already suffering. Some of the major carriers say that their passenger numbers are down by less than 5% and point to their rivals-Particularly Air Franceas having suffered the problems. On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.The airlines optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent. British Midland, for example, points to its experience on Heathrow Leeds Bradford service which saw passenger numbers fold by 15% when British Rail electrified and modernized the railway line between London and Yorkshire. Two years later, travel had risen between the two destinations to the point where the airline was carrying record numbers of passengers.41.British airlines confide in the fact that （ ）.42.The authors attitude towards the drop of passengers may be described as （ ）.43.In the passage, British Rail (Para 6) is mentioned to （ ）.44.The railways Brussels route is brought forth to show that （ ）.45.The passage is taken from the first of an essay, from which we may well predict that in the following part the author is going to （ ）.问题1选项A.they are more powerful than other European airlinesB.their total loss wont go beyond a drop of 5% passengersC.their traffic levels will return in 2-3 yearsD.traveling by rail can never catch up with traveling by air问题2选项A.worried.B.delightedC.puzzledD.unrivaled问题3选项A.provide a comparison with EurostarB.support the airlines optimismC.prove the inevitable drop of air passengersD.call for electrification and modernization of the railway问题4选项A.the Eurostar train service is not doing good businessB.the airlines can well compete with the railwayC.the Eurostar train service only caused little damageD.only some airlines, such as Air France, are suffering问题5选项A.praise the airlines clear-mindednessB.warn the airlines of high-speed rail servicesC.propose a reduction of London/Paris flightsD.advise the airlines to follow British Midland as their model【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】41.细节理解题。根据文章第四段， “The damage will be limited, however, the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.”，可知航空公司相信，损失将是有限的，乘客数量将在两到三年内恢复到以前的水平。可判断出英国航空公司坚信他们的交通水平将在2-3年内恢复。选项C符合题意。42.作者态度题。纵观全文，作者认为列车的开通对航空公司的影响力度是有限的，客人最后还是会重新选择航空运输，所以对乘客数目下降的现象还是持乐观态度的，但是从整篇文章的语气来看，作者还是心存担忧的。选项A符合题意。43.推断题。根据文章第四段， “the airlines believe, with passenger numbers returning to previous levels within two to three years.”，客户自航空公司坚信乘客最终还是会选择航空运输。又根据文章最后一段， “The airlines optimism on returning traffic levels is based on historical precedent.”，可知航空公司对恢复客流量水平的乐观态度是基于历史先例。可推断出作者下文提到British Rail的例子就是为了证明这一观点：航空公司对航空运输的水平持客观态度。选项B符合题意。44.推断题。根据文章第五段， “On the Brussels route, the railway company had less success, and the airlines report anything from around a 5% drop to no visible decline in traffic.”，可知在布鲁塞尔的航线上，铁路公司没有那么成功，航空公司的报告显示，只造成了5%左右的下降，并没有明显的影响。可推断出布鲁塞尔铁路的开通事例说明了欧洲之星列车只对航空运输造成了很小的损害。选项C符合题意。45.推断题。整篇文章都在说明和强调航空公司对列车开通带来的乘客流量下降并没有很重视，而是一直持乐观态度，相信乘客最终会选择航空运输，但是作者却对此表现出担忧，可推断出作者在接下来的文段中将会给予航空公司一些警告，以让他们能注重列车服务发展带来的冲击。选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Employees are （ ）to join the companys pension plan after a years service.问题1选项A.compelledB.acquiredC.respondedD.rejected【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。compel “强迫，迫使”；acquire “获得”；respond “回应”；reject “拒绝”。句意：雇员被强制要求在工作一年后，必须参加公司的养老金计划。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would （ ） wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.maintainB.ensureC.certifyD.console【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。maintain “维持，继续”；ensure “保证，确保”；certify “证明，保证”；console “安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正在匆忙进入一个前所未有的启蒙时代，在这个时代，更好的教育和科技将确保所有人的财富和闲暇。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题Now those “effortless” good looks seem a little more risky. Allegedly, the silicone implants can leak and interfere with the bodys immune system. There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturing concerns. The Food and Drug Administration announced an inquiry last year, but initially said it would not ask for the operations to stop it, reportedly because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant was awarded $7.34m from the biggest maker of implants, Dow Coming.The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974, some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons: the rest had “re-constructive” medical surgery following cancer treatment. The waiting list for implants by one Californian doctor used to be six months; it is now less than one month, Shares in implant makers have slumped.Such second thoughts are overdue. For all its glittering advocates, cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine where a perfectly healthy patient is cut up. (This, of course, omits re-constructive operations to repair bums or replace missing breasts.) Eight out of ten cosmetic operations are performed outside proper hospitalsome in operation rooms that look more like offices. Warnings of side-effect rarely appear in advertisements; nor do the records of the eager surgeons. Since it is “elective” surgery, not covered by insurance, few of the normal rules apply.Inside the industry, rumors of malpractice are rife. One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers who “he wouldnt let touch my dogs body.”1.According to the paragraph, cosmetic surgeons think that （ ）.2.It is reported that the Food and Drug Administration inquired into the effects of silicone implant, because （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?4.The difference between the cosmetic surgery and other surgery is that （ ）.5.The last sentence of the passage, “peers” refers to （ ）.问题1选项A.the silicone implant complaints were started particularly before 1985B.the silicone implant are dangerousC.the silicone implant are linked with bodys immune systemD.the silicone implant complaints are due to those profit-happy lawyers问题2选项A.there was a case in December about a woman who suffered from the implantB.there had been a lot of cases in court about silicone implantC.Dow Coming has produced some poor-quality silicone implantD.it did not want to ask for the operations to stop it问题3选项A.American women had once been in panic because of the removal of a contraceptive device from the market.B.Daikon Sheild is a brand name.C.About 1.6 million women have had implants because they wanted to be more beautifulD.A Californian doctor began to earn less money.问题4选项A.the former is to operate on the healthy body, while the latter is to operate on the sick bodyB.the former is to do harm to a person, while the latter is to cure a personC.the former is with glittering advocates, while the latter is to repair bumsD.the former is to be performed outside proper hospitals, while the latter is to be performed inside proper hospitals问题5选项A.industry ownersB.plastic surgeonsC.humoristsD.officers【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“There have been over 2,000 complaints, particularly about implants which predate 1985-although cosmetic surgeons blame zealous lawyers for manufacturing concerns.”，可知已经有超过2000起投诉，特别是关于1985年以前植入物的投诉尽管整形外科医生将制造问题归咎于律师们。可判断出整容外科医生认为硅胶植入物的投诉是由于那些喜欢赚钱的律师。选项D符合题意。2.细节判断题。根据文章第一段，“because of evidence coming out in court cases. In December, for example, a woman who suffered from a ruptured implant.”，可知美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物进行调查的原因是法庭上出现了很多这样的案例，下文提出一个妇女获赔的案例只是其中一个。可判断出美国食品药品监督管理局对硅胶植入物的效果进行了调查的原因在于法庭上有很多关于硅胶植入的案例。选项B符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“The announcement has caused more panic among American women than any medical decision since a contraceptive device, the Daikon Sheild, was removed from the market in 1974”，可知自从1974年一种名为Daikon Sheild的避孕设备被撤市以来，这一消息在美国女性中引起的恐慌超过了任何医疗因素。可判断出美国女性曾经因为避孕设备从市场上撤下而恐慌，这一表达复符合文意，选项A可排除。也可判断出Daikon Sheild是一个品牌名称，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“some 2 million women have had implants, 80% of them for cosmetic reasons”，可知大约有200万女性做手术，因为她们想变得更美丽，选项C可排除。根据排除法，选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“cosmetic surgery is the only type of medicine where a perfectly healthy patient is cut up.”，可知整容手术是唯一一种把完全健康的病人割伤的医术，这也是整容术和其他手术的区别。选项A符合题意。5.词义理解题。根据文章最后一句，“One senior plastic surgeon says that he has a list of peers”，可知一位资深整形外科医生说，他有一份同伴名单，可知资深整形外科医生的同伴指整形外科医生，peer意思为同伴，同等的人。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题The disagreement over trade restrictions could seriously （ ）relations between the two countries.问题1选项A.tumbleB.jeopardizeC.manipulateD.intimidate【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。tumble “使摔倒，弄乱”；jeopardize “危害，危及”；manipulate “操纵，操作”；intimidate “恐吓，威胁”。句意：在贸易限制问题上的分歧可能严重危及两国之间的关系。选项B符合题意。11. 单选题Roman literature never ceased to （ ）influence in the Middle Ages, and this influence became much greater in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries when more Roman works became known.问题1选项A.exertB.practiceC.resistD.stage【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。exert “运用，发挥，施以影响”；practice “练习”；resist “拒绝”；stage “举行，上演”。句意：罗马文学在中世纪的影响从未停止，这种影响在14和15世纪，当更多的罗马作品被了解后，这种影响变得更大。选项A符合题意。12. 单选题I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave （ ）something occurred which attracted my attention.问题1选项A.unlessB.untilC.whenD.while【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。be about to dowhen表示正准备做某事，某事就发生了。句意：我感到有点失望，正要离开时，发生了一件事引起了我的注意。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题A new study from the Center for Information and Research on Civic Learning and Engagement (CIRCLE) at Tufts University shows that todays youth vote in larger numbers than previous generations, and a 2008 study from the Center for American Progress adds that increasing numbers of young voters and activists support traditionally liberal causes. But theres no easy way to see what those figures mean in real life. During the presidential campaign, Barack Obama assembled a racially and ideologically diverse coalition with his message of hope and change; as the reality of life under a new administration settles in, some of those supporters might become disillusioned. As the nation moves further into the Obama presidency, will politically engaged young people continue to support the president and his agenda, or will they gradually drift away?The writers of Generation O (short for Obama), a new Newsweek blog that seeks to chronicle the lives of a group of young Obama supporters, want to answer that question. For the next three months, Michelle Kremer and 11 other Obama supporters, ages 19 to 34, will blog about life across mainstream America, with one twist: by tying all of their ideas and experiences to the new president and his administration, the bloggers will try to start a conversation about what it means to be young and politically active in America today. Malena Amusa, a 24-year-old writer and dancer from St. Louis sees the project as a way to preserve history as it happens. Amusa, who is traveling to India this spring to finish a book, then to Senegal to teach English, has ongoing conversations with her friends about how the Obama presidency has changed their daily lives and hopes to put some of those ideas, along with her global perspective, into her posts. Shes excited because, as she puts it, “I dont have to wait until 15 years from now” to make sense of the world.Henry Flores, a political-science professor at St. Marys University, credits this younger generations political strength to their embrace of technology. “The Internet exposes them to more thinking,” he says, “and groups that are like-minded in different parts of the country start to come together.” Thats exactly what the Generation O bloggers are hoping to do. The result could be a group of young people that, like their boomer (二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)parents, grows up with a strong sense of purpose and sheds the image of apathy (冷漠) theyve inherited from Generation X (60年代后期和70年代出生的美国人). Its no small challenge for a blog run by a group of ordinaryif ambitiousyoung people, but the members of Generation O are up to the task.46.What is the finding of a new study by CIRCLE?47.What is a main concern of the writers of Generation O?48.What will the Generation O bloggers write about in their posts?49.What accounts for the younger generations political strength according to Professor Henry Flores?50.What can we infer from the passage about Generation X?问题1选项A.More young voters are going to the polls than before.B.The young generation supports traditionally liberal causes.C.Young voters played a decisive role in Obamas election.D.Young people in America are now more diverse ideologically.问题2选项A.How Obama is going to live up to young peoples expectations.B.Whether America is going to change during Obamas presidency.C.Whether young people will continue to support Obamas policy.D.How Obamas agenda is going to affect the life of Americans.问题3选项A.Their own interpretation of American politics.B.Policy changes to take place in Obamas administration.C.Obamas presidency viewed from a global perspective.D.Their lives in relation to Obamas presidency.问题4选项A.Their embrace of radical ideas.B.Their desire to change America.C.Their utilization of the Internet.D.Their strong sense of responsibility.问题5选项A.They are politically conservative.B.They reject conventional values.C.They dare to take up challenges.D.They are indifferent to politics.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:D【解析】46.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“shows that todays youth vote in larger numb