2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷35（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-武汉理工大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Ricci, 45, is now striking out on perhaps his boldest venture yet. He plans to market an English language edition of his elegant monthly art magazine, FMR, in the United States. Once again the skeptics are murmuring that the successful Ricci has headed for a big fall. And once again Ricci intends to prove them wrong.Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000. That goal may not be too far-fetched. The Italian edition of FMR-the initials, of course, stand for Franco Maria Ricci-is only 18 months old. But it is already the second largest art magazine in the world, with a circulation of 65,000 and a profit margin of US$ 500,000. The American edition will be patterned after the Italian version, with each 160-page issue carrying only 40 pages of ads and no more than five articles. But the contents will often differ. The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.” He also hopes that the magazine will become a vehicle for a two-way cultural exchange what he likes to think of as a marriage of brains, culture and taste from both sides of the Atlantic.To realize this vision, Ricci is mounting one of the most lavish, enterprising-and expensive promotional campaigns in magazine publishing history. Between November and January, eight jumbo jets will fly 8 million copies of a sample 16-page edition of FMR across the Atlantic. From a warehouse in Michigan, 6.5 million copies will be mailed to American subscribers of various cultural, art and business magazines. Some of the remaining copies will circulate as a special Sunday supplement in the New York Times. The cost of launching Operation Columbus is a staggering US $5 million, but Ricci is hoping that 60% of the price tag will be financed by Italian corporation. “To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”Like Columbus, Ricci cannot know what his reception will be on foreign shores. In Italy he gambled-and won on a simple concept: it is more important to show art than to write about it. Hence, one issue of FMR might feature 32 full-color pages of 17th-century tapestries, followed by 14 pages of outrageous eyeglasses. He is gambling that the concept is exportable.1. Naming his quest “Operation Columbus”, Ricci is confident that _.2. What is the main content of Riccis magazine FMR?3. Ricci tries to persuade the Italian corporations to help by _.问题1选项A.he will be as influential as ColumbusB.he will open up the American marketC.the Americans will associate his magazine with adventurous pioneersD.his magazine will be as memorable as Columbus discovery of America问题2选项A.Articles on culture, art and business.B.Articles and pictures about fashion.C.Pictures of works of art.D.Pictures of trendy items.问题3选项A.including them in Operation ColumbusB.showing them the staggering price tagC.comparing them to the Spanish sponsorD.arousing passionate patriotism in them【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段第一句Ricci is so confident that he has christened his quest “Operation Columbus” and has set his sights on discovering an American readership of 300,000.（瑞奇是如此的自信，以至于他将自己的探索命名为“哥伦布行动”，并将目光锁定在了发掘拥有30万读者的美国人身上）。前文说到瑞奇想在美国销售她的杂志，这里说到将目光锁定在30万读者身上，因此他是想打开美国市场。B选项“他将打开美国市场”，B选项正确。A选项“他将和哥伦布一样有影响力”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“美国人会把他的杂志和冒险先锋联系在一起”，无中生有，可排除。D选项“他的杂志将会像哥伦布发现美洲一样令人难忘”，文章并没有提到杂志的影响力如此之大，因此D选项可排除。因此正确答案为B选项。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文中第二段倒数第二句The English-language edition will include more American works, Ricci says, to help Americans get over “an inferiority complex about their art.”（瑞奇说，英文版将包括更多的美国作品，以帮助美国人克服“对自己艺术的自卑感”）。选项C“艺术作品的图片”，符合文章所说，为了克服美国人的艺术自卑感，因此C选项正确。选项A“关于文化、艺术和商业的文章”，不符合文章的内容，可排除。选项B“关于时尚的文章和图片”，文章并没有提到是关于时尚的文章和图片，也可排除。D选项“流行物品的图片”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。因此正确答案为C选项。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章倒数第二段最后一句“To land in America Columbus had to use Spanish sponsors,” reads one sentence in his promotional pamphlet. “We would like Italians.”（他的宣传小册子上有这样一句话：“哥伦布要想在美洲登陆，必须借助西班牙的赞助。”“我们喜欢意大利人”）。D选项“激发起他们炽热的爱国主义热情”。因为在他的宣传册上有这样一句，必须得到西班牙的赞助，可推测这会引起意大利人民的自豪感，因此D选项正确。A选项“包括他们在哥伦布行动”，意大利伙伴并没有参与哥伦布行动，A选项排除。B选项“给他们看惊人的价格标签”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“将他们与西班牙赞助商进行比较”，并没有将两者进行比较，可排除C选项。因此正确答案为D选项。2. 单选题The development of the modern presidency in the United States began with Andrew Jackson who swept to power in 1829 as the head of the Democratic Party and served until 1837. During his second term, his opponents had gradually come together to form the Whig party, Whigs and Democrats held different attitudes toward the changes brought about by the market, banks, and commerce. The Democrats tended to view society as a continuing conflict between “the people” farmers, planters, and workers-and a set of greedy aristocrats. This “paper money aristocracy” of bankers and investors manipulated the banking system for their own profit, Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth. The Democrats wanted the rewards of the market without sacrificing the features of a simple agrarian republic. They wanted the wealth that the market offered without the competitive, changing society; the complex dealing: the dominance of urban centers; and the loss came with it.Whigs, on the other hand, were more comfortable with the market. For them, commerce and economic development were agents of civilization. Nor did the Whigs envision any conflict in society between farmers and workers on the one hand and businesspeople and bankers on the other. Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity. The governments responsibility was to provide a well-regulated economy that guaranteed opportunity for citizens of ability.Whigs and Democrats differed not only in their attitudes toward the market but also about how active the central government should be in peoples lives. Despite Andrew Jacksons inclination to be a strong President, Democrats as a rule believed in limited government. Governments role in the economy was to promote competition by destroying monopolies and special privileges. In keeping with this philosophy of limited government, Democrats also rejected the idea that moral beliefs were the proper sphere of government action. Religion and politics, they believed, should be kept clearly separate, and they generally opposed humanitarian legislation.The Whigs, in contrast, viewed government power positively. They believed that it should be used to protect individual rights and public liberty, and that it had a special role where individual effort was ineffective. By regulating the economy and competition, the government could ensure equal opportunity. Indeed, for Whigs the concept of government promoting the general welfare went beyond the economy. In particular, Whigs in the northern sections of the United States also believed that government power should be used to foster the moral welfare of the country. They were much more likely to favor social-reform legislation and aid to education.In some ways the social makeup of the two parties was similar. To be competitive in winning votes, Whigs and Democrats both had to have significant support among farmers, the largest group in society, and workers. Neither party could win an election by appealing exclusively to the rich or the poor. The Whigs, however, enjoyed disproportionate strength among the business and commercial classes. Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves. The Whigs were strongest in the towns, cities, and those rural areas that were fully integrated into the market economy, whereas Democrats dominated areas of semi-subsistence farming that were more isolated and pitiful economically.1. The author mentions “bankers and investors” in the passage as an example of which of the following?2. According to paragraph 2, Whigs believed that commerce and economic development would have which of the following effects on society?3. A Democrat would be most likely to support government action in which of the following areas?4. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 4 about variations in political reliefs within the Whig Party?5. According to the last paragraph, the Democrats were supported by all of the following groups EXCEPT_.问题1选项A.The Democratic Partys main source of support.B.The people that Democrats claimed were unfairly becoming rich.C.The people most interested in a return to a simple agrarian republic.D.One of the groups in favor of Andrew Jacksons presidency.问题2选项A.They would promote the advancement of society as a whole.B.They would cause disagreements between Whigs and Democrats.C.They would supply new positions for Whig Party members.D.They would prevent conflict between farmers and workers.问题3选项A.Creating a state religion.B.Supporting humanitarian legislation.C.Destroying monopolies.D.Recommending particular moral beliefs.问题4选项A.They were focused on issues of public liberty.B.They caused some members to leave the Whig party.C.They were unimportant to most Whigs.D.They reflected regional inter.问题5选项A.workers unhappy with the new industrial systemB.planters involve in international tradeC.rising entrepreneursD.individuals seeking to open the economy to newcomers【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文中第一段倒数第三句Democrats claimed, and sapped the nations virtue by encouraging speculation and the desire for sudden, unearned wealth.（民主党人宣称，这个由银行家和投资者组成的“纸币贵族”为了自己的利益操纵了银行系统，并通过鼓励投机和对突然的不劳而获的财富的渴望削弱了国家的美德），B选项“民主党宣称的那些人正在不公平地变得富有”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“民主党的主要支持者”，在文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。C选项“人们对回归简单的农业共和国最感兴趣”，文章所说的是不牺牲简单的农业共和国的特征，因此C选项可排除。D选项“支持安德鲁杰克逊担任总统的团体之一”，文章并没有提到银行家和投资者是支持总统的团体，可排除C选项。因此B选项为正确答案。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第三句Economic growth would benefit everyone by raising national income and expanding opportunity.（经济增长将通过提高国民收入和扩大机会而使每个人受益），可推测，社会将因此而进步。A选项“他们将促进整个社会的进步”符合题意，A选项正确。B选项“他们会引起辉格党和民主党之间的分歧”，造成辉格党和民主党的分歧在于对市场的态度，因此可排除B选项。C选项“他们将为辉格党成员提供新的职位”，文章没有提到这个内容，可排除。D选项“他们将防止农民和工人之间的冲突”，文章所说辉格党也没有设想农民和工人与商人和银行家之间的社会冲突，D选项可排除。因此A选项为正确答案。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。A选项“创立国教”，文章没有提到“创建国教”的内容，因此A选项可排除。B选项“支持人道主义的立法”，文章所说“民主党认为宗教和政治应该明确分开，他们普遍反对人道主义立法”。因此B选项可排除。C选项“摧毁垄断”，文章最后一段所说“民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断”，因此C选项正确。D选项“推荐特定的道德信仰”，文章倒数第二段所说“民主党人也拒绝接受道德信仰是政府行为的适当范围的观点。”D选项可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第四段。A选项“他们关注的是公众自由问题”，文章没有提到辉格党是关注公众问题，可排除。B选项“他们导致一些成员离开辉格党”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“他们对大多数辉格党来说并不重要”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“它们反映了区域间的相互关系”，文章提到辉格党还认为，政府权力应该用来促进国家的道德福利，因此可推测，这是辉格党内部政治救济的差异，D选项正确。因此D选项为正确答案。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段第六句Democrats attracted farmers isolated from the market or uncomfortable with it, workers alienated from the emerging industrial system, and rising entrepreneurs who wanted to break monopolies and open the economy to newcomers like themselves.（民主党吸引了与市场隔绝或对市场感到不安的农民、被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，以及希望打破垄断、像他们这样的新来者开放经济的新兴企业家）。B选项“种植者参与国际贸易”，文章没有提及到，可排除。A选项“工人们对新的工业体系不满”，文章所说，被新兴工业体系疏远的工人，A选项正确。C选项“不断上升的企业家”，文章所说想要打破垄断、开放市场的新兴企业家，因此C选项正确。D选项“寻求向新来者开放经济的个人”，新兴企业家，也就是所说的个人经济者，D选项正确。因此B选项为正确答案。3. 单选题Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists. But in the first extensive analysis of the way that fellowships in science are awarded, which is published this week in Nature, Christine Wenneras and Agnes Wold, microbiologists at Gothenburg University, in Sweden, found that these factors matter as much as, if not more than, scientific merit.Peer review, the evaluation (often anonymous) of a piece of scientific work by other scientists in the same field, is central to the way in which science proceeds. Journals use it to help decide whether to publish papers and funding agencies use it when deciding to whom to award grants.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold analyzed the reviews of the 114 applications that the Swedish Medical Research Council received for the 20 postdoctoral fellowships it offered in 1995. Of the applicants, 46% were women, of the successful recipients, of the awards only 20% were women.In principle, of course, that might reflect their abilities. In practice, other factors seem to be at work.When the council gets a grant application, it is evaluated by five reviewers, on three measures: scientific competence, the proposed methodology and the relevance of the research. Each measure is given a score of between zero and four; each reviewers scores are multiplied together, giving a single score between zero and 64; and finally, the scores from the reviewers are averaged together, giving the total score.Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold identified, after careful analysis, two factors that improved the scores significantly: being male and knowing a reviewer. In fact, the difference was so great that in order to get the same competence score as a man, a woman would need either to know someone on the committee or to have published three more papers than the man in Nature or Science. It is often joked that a woman has to be twice as good as a man to do well; Dr. Wenneras and Dr. Wold found that she would need to be, on average, 2.5 times as good on their measures to be rated as highly by reviewers. Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.1. What is this passage mainly about?2. What is the other most important factor beside sex that may affect peer review scores?3. What does the author suggest by using “supposedly” in the last sentence?4. This piece of writing is most likely _.问题1选项A.Abuses in peer reviewB.Favoritism in granting fellowshipsC.A comparison of male and female scientistsD.Sex discrimination in the science world问题2选项A.ConnectionsB.Publication of papers in major science journalsC.Competence of the researcherD.Methods used by the research问题3选项A.It is no longer fashionable for women to write under male names.B.Bias against women still exists today.C.Women today are on an equal footing with men.D.Nowadays women do as well in science as men.问题4选项A.a news reportB.a research paperC.a lectureD.an argument【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，由题干可以定位到文章第一段，性别本不是评判科学的标准，但这个因素与科学价值同等重要，甚至更重要。D选项“科学世界中的性别歧视”，符合文章的内容大意，文章主要讲的是在科学界的性别歧视，D选项正确。B选项“同行评审中的弊端”，文章虽有提到这个内容，但不是文章的主要内容，因此可排除B选项。C选项“男性和女性科学家的比较”，文章部分内容有提到，但不是文章主要内容，因此C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句Sex and connections: these are not the criteria on which science should be judged, least of all by scientists（性与联系：这些都不是评判科学的标准，尤其是科学家），虽说如此，但在下文出现了转折，也就是说这两点是会作为评判标准因此可推测影响评判标准除了性别还有联系。A选项“联系”，符合文章内容。A选项正确。B选项“在主要科学期刊上发表论文”，文章说同行评议是为了帮助决定是否发表论文，可排除B选项。C选项“研究人员的能力”，同行评议可能会反映个人能力，能力的高低并不会成为决定性因素，可排除C。D选项“研究采用的方法”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句Such being the case, ambitious woman would perhaps do well to return to a time-honored but supposedly obsolete tradition, and apply under a male name.（在这种情况下，有抱负的女性或许应该回到一个历史悠久但被认为过时的传统，用男性的名字申请），因此可推测，对于女性的歧视，仍然存在。B选项“对妇女的偏见今天仍然存在”，符合文章内容，因此B选项正确。A选项“女性用男性的名字写作已不再时髦”，名字的表面内容并不是作者想表达的，因此A选项可排除。C选项“今天妇女与男子处于平等地位”，妇女和男子不可能处于平等地位，因此C选项可排除。D选项“现在女性在科学领域的表现和男性一样好”，文章所说，妇女要表现得好于男性的2.5倍才可能达到男性的待遇，D选项可排除。因此B选项正确。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干这篇文章最有可能是，通读全文，可以推测这篇文章最有可能为一则新闻报道。A选项“一则新闻报道”正确。B选项“研究论文”，根据文章内容来看，论文需要更严谨，因此可排除B选项。C选项“一堂讲座”，讲座的内容需要更口语化，因此也可排除C选项。D选项“一场辩论赛”，文章没有体现争论，D选项可排除。因此A选项正确。4. 单选题Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable skills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of “salable skills.” What skills are salable? Right now, skills for making automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills in teaching are not now as salable as they were during the past 20 years, and the population charts indicate they may not be soon again. Home construction skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. Whats more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the course very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.A School that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lions den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedly salable skills, and cant make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibility, an ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.1. From this passage, we can learn that the author is in favor of _.2. The word “fluctuate” in the first paragraph most probably means _.3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?4. According to the author, in developing a curriculum schools should _.问题1选项A.teaching practical skills that can be sold in the current job marketB.a flexible curriculum that changes with the timesC.a liberal educationD.keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market问题2选项A.remain steadyB.change in an irregular wayC.follow a set patternD.become worse and worse问题3选项A.A person with the ability to learn by himselfB.A construction workerC.A car repairmanD.A person with quite a few salable skills问题4选项A.predict the salability of skills in the future job marketB.take the current job market into considerationC.consider what skill are salableD.focus on the ability to adapt to changes【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段最后一句In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.（在一个人们可以自由学习他们想要的东西、在他们想要的地方工作、在他们想要的地方投资的社会里，我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致）可知作者没有特地支持哪一种教育，而是支持他们自由地学习。C选项“自由的教育”，符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“教授一些实用的技能，这些技能可以在当前的就业市场上得到销售”，作者在文中写到，不确定哪些技能值得推销，可排除A选项。B选项“随时代变化的灵活课程”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，文章提到并不能做到劳动力供求一致，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文中第一段Home construction skills are another