2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第114期

2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题An interesting theory in economics is （1） by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. It seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales（2）in the（3）market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He（4）to the Head Man and（5） that his company would like to（6）several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business（7）would be（8）to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man（9） , but announced that the price per piece would be（10）in such a（11）order than it would be if（12） a small order were placed. The representative was（13）than a little shocked（14）the business sense of the Head Man,（15）insisted that the price should be（16）because of the large volume, and（17）not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe（18）. But why not? asked the American. Because（19）is so tiresome to make the（20）article over and over, answered the Head Man.问题1选项A.illustratedB.appreciatedC.demonstratedD.anticipated问题2选项A.capacityB.potentialC.abilityD.fortune问题3选项A.strawB.globalC.worldD.earth问题4选项A.addressedB.spokeC.askedD.told问题5选项A.declaredB.confirmedC.demandedD.gestured问题6选项A.orderB.sellC.disposeD.make问题7选项A.treatyB.pactC.matterD.deal问题8选项A.effectiveB.efficientC.valuableD.profitable问题9选项A.agreedB.acceptedC.refusedD.received问题10选项A.lowerB.higherC.expensiveD.cheaper问题11选项A.smallB.bigC.vastD.high问题12选项A.certainlyB.reallyC.onlyD.simply问题13选项A.greaterB.strongerC.lessD.more问题14选项A.fromB.ofC.atD.since问题15选项A.whoB.andC.thenD.therefore问题16选项A.lowerB.higherC.littleD.raised问题17选项A.neverB.reallyC.certainlyD.yet问题18选项A.weaklyB.happilyC.stubbornlyD.hesitatingly问题19选项A.heB.itC.whatD.work问题20选项A.similarB.beautifulC.alikeD.same【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:C第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）动词辨析题。illustrate举例说明，阐述；appreciate欣赏，感激；demonstrate展示，证明；anticipate预料，预期。句意：一个小山村部落的首领 一个有趣的经济学理论。根据关键词“theory”可知选项C“证实.理论”最为恰当。（2）近义词辨析题。capacity能力；potential潜力；ability能耐；fortune财富，运气。根据下文“一家美国公司的代表去拜访这个部落，试图达成一笔好生意。”说明这些草席是有销售潜力的，所以选项B更恰当。（3）考查固定用法。world market为固定用法，表示“国际市场，世界市场”。所以选项C正确。（4）近义词辨析题。根据句意可知，这里是想表达美国公司的代表对部落首领说.。选项A太正式，一般用于书信表达；选项C意为请求，要求；选项D后面直接接sb.，不用介词to，所以只有选项B正确。（5）动词辨析题。declared宣称，断言；confirmed证实，批准；demanded要求；gestured做手势。根据下文可知，这里指宣称他的公司将要订购几千个草席这件事件，所以选项A符合句意。（6）动词辨析题。order订购；sell售卖；dispose处理；make制造。根据上文可知，这里是订购草席，所以选项A正确。（7）考查固定搭配。business deal为固定搭配，意为“交易，生意”。选项D正确。（8）形容词辨析题。effective有效的；efficient有效率的；valuable有价值的；profitable有利可图的。根据原文可知，这里涉及到达成交易，所以对于部落来说应该是有利可图的，所以选项D符合语境。（9）上下文推断。根据下文“but announced that.”可知，说明首领同意达成这笔交易，但是有一个条件。所以选项A正确。（10）上下文推断。根据下文的“shocked”可知，这里提出来的条件应该是不合理的。所以填空处应表示价格高，再根据后面的than可知，这里应填入比较级，所以选项B正确。（11）上下文推断。根据下文“than.a small order”可知，相对于小订单来说，这里应该是大笔的订单，两者形成比较。所以选项B正确。（12）副词辨析题。根据句意：如果仅仅只是下小订单的话，那么大笔订单中每件的价格要更高。选项C和D都有“仅仅”的意思，但simply强调简单，所以选项C更恰当。（13）考查固定用法。“more than a little”为固定用法，意为“十分，非常”。选项D正确。（14）考查固定搭配。“be shocked at”为固定搭配，意为“对感到震惊”。选项C正确。（15）考查逻辑连词。根据原文可知，美国公司的代表先是感到震惊，然后坚持认为价格应该更低。选项C更符合语境。（16）上下文推断。上文提到，部落首领认为大订单的单价要高于小订单的单价，美国公司的代表感到震惊，显然是觉得这个价格不合理，他觉得大订单的单价要低于小订单的单价，所以这里应填入“lower”，选项A正确。（17）副词辨析题。never从未，绝不；really真正地；certainly当然，必定；yet还，已经。根据句意：因为数量大，当然价格不能更高。所以选项C符合语境。（18）副词辨析题。weakly虚弱地，无力地；happily快乐地；stubbornly固执地；hesitatingly踟躇地。根据首领的回答“No”可知，他固执的拒绝了，选项C符合语境。（19）考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，本句真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以填空处应填入it做形式主语。选项B正确。（20）词组辨析题。similar和alike都表示相似的；same相同的；根据下文“over and over重复，一遍又一遍”可知，这里指重复做同样的事情，所以选项D正确。2. 单选题I think I was at school, （ ）I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.问题1选项A.or elseB.and thenC.or soD.even so【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。A选项；B选项and then “于是，然后”;C选项or so “大约”; D选项even so “虽然如此，即使如此”。根据句意当听到这个消息时，我应该是在学校，在和朋友度假。应该是表示选择，所以A选项or else “否则,要不然”符合逻辑，正确。3. 单选题Not until the game had begun （ ）at the sports ground.问题1选项A.had he arrivedB.would he have arrivedC.did he arriveD.should he have arrived【答案】C【解析】语法（倒装结构和时态）题。Not until表示否定意义，位于句首时，主句部分需要部分倒装。从句中的谓语动词had begun为过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词为一般过去时，用来强调从句谓语动词的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以C选项正确。4. 单选题Are undergraduate grades important? Everyone knows that high marks earned at different schools or under different instructors can indicate very different levels of achievement. One professor may be a hard grader, while another is very generous or one who takes the whole business as a bit of joke. Some schools have nigh standards, whereas others are groups of intellectual people. And at all universities, there is a constant tendency towards grade inflation （the granting of ever more high marks）. That is fought vigorously at some institutions and allowed to go unchecked for long periods at others.Another point raised against grades is how poorly they predict how much graduates will be earning 15 or 20 years after getting their degrees. As many studies have shown, there is only a very poor correlation between undergraduates grades and subsequent wealth. People who get good marks tend to go into the professions, not all of which are highly remunerative（有利的）.The correlation between undergraduate grades and success in business, the most common road to wealth, is virtually nothing. Many mediocre（平庸）students become successful businessman, while some brilliant and capable graduates （creative youngsters, not students with special skills in passing exams） take up relatively low-paying but interesting or satisfying careers. The general population, examining this question through a statistical lens, sees one thing very clearly that good grades dont translate in any direct way into big bucks, and for better or for worse, the gauge（标尺） of “success” for countless Americans is the acquisition of wealth.The result is a certain modesty about good grades in America among those who get them. A students parents may brag about his marks, but seldom will the student himself risk being branded a “grade-grubber” by drawing too much attention to his academic success. High marks are not something to be advertised to the world except on resumes, and anybody who boasts about them is likely to be viewed with contempt, not least by intelligent people.1.Which of the following is true about undergraduate grades?2.According to the passage, what is the relationship between grades and business performance?3.Which of the following best describes the American attitude towards good grades?4.The phrase “grade-grubber”, underlined in paragraph 3 probably means （ ）.5.What might be the best title for this passage?问题1选项A.Different grades in schools indicate different levels of achievement.B.Professors are giving increasingly high marks.C.Professors sometimes give grades without checking students work.D.Professors are likely to give high grades if they are humorous.问题2选项A.Good grades normally lead to business success.B.There is a direct link between grades and business success.C.Good grades dont necessarily mean business success.D.Poor grades often mean business success.问题3选项A.The students with good grades will share his happiness with everybody he knows.B.Good grades are something attached to great importance.C.Not much importance is attached to good grades.D.Students will risk everything to get good grades.问题4选项A.a student who like to take risksB.a student who is excellent in academic studyC.a student who is obsessed by getting good gradesD.a student who brags about his good grades问题5选项A.Are Grades So Important?B.How to Get Good Grades.C.Different Attitudes towards Grades.D.Grades and Business Success【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问关于本科成绩，下列哪个选项是正确的?。根据文章第一段中第三句“One professor may be a hard grader, while another is very generous or one who takes the whole business as a bit of joke. 一位教授可能是一个严格的评分者，而另一位教授可能是一个非常慷慨的人，或者是一个把整件事当作玩笑的人。”确定C选项教授有时不检查学生的作业就给他们打分。正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，成绩和企业绩效之间的关系是什么?。根据文章第二段中第四句“ The correlation between undergraduate grades and success in business, the most common road to wealth, is virtually nothing. 大学本科成绩与商业成功(最常见的致富之路)之间的相关性几乎为零。”确定C选项好的成绩并不一定意味着商业上的成功。正确。3.推理判断题。题干询问下列哪一项最能描述美国人对待好成绩的态度?。根据文章最后一段中第一句 “The result is a certain modesty about good grades in America among those who get them. 结果是，在美国取得好成绩的人对自己的成绩多少有些谦虚。”确定C选项好成绩不太重要。正确。4.词汇题。题干询问第3段下划线的grade-grubber”一词可能是指。根据文章最后一段的第二句A students parents may brag about his marks, but seldom will the student himself risk being branded a “grade-grubber” by drawing too much attention to his academic success. 学生的父母可能会吹嘘他的成绩，但很少会因为过分关注他的学业成绩而给自己贴上“grade-grubber”的标签。这句话中的方式状语 “by drawing too much attention to his academic success 通过高度重视自己的学术成就”就是该词的解释，所以C选项一个痴迷于取得好成绩的学生正确。5.主旨大意题。题干询问这篇文章最好的题目是什么?。在文章开头作者提出问题“Are undergraduate grades important?，之后从多个方面论证了大学成绩并不是那么重要，高分不能代表财富和成功。所以用这一句话作为标题很恰当合适，A选项正确。5. 单选题The government gave a very （ ）explanation of its plan for economic development.问题1选项A.comprehensiveB.compoundC.considerableD.complacent【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。comprehensive综合的，全面的；compound混合的；considerable重要的，相当大的；complacent满足的。句意：政府对其经济发展计划作了非常全面的解释。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题There is no electricity again. A（ ） has blown, causing the lights to fail.问题1选项A.fuseB.wireC.plugD.circuit【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。fuse “保险丝，熔线”；wire “金属丝”；plug “插头”；circuit “电路”。句意：又停电了。保险丝坏了，导致停电了。因此选项A符合题意7. 单选题Parliamentary leaders failed to understand the American colonist. They thought the American would buy the cheap, legal East India Company tea rather than the more expensive smuggled tea from Holland.In September, 1773, the East India Company Planned to ship 500, 000 pounds of tea to their American agents in ports along the Atlantic coast. When the colonists learned about the East India Companys plan, local tea merchants in American ports from South Carolina to Maine took steps to meet this attempt to drive them out of business. The Bolton Tea Party was the most violent of these steps. Following this act of rebellion, Governor Hutchinson called it “the boldest stroke which had been struck in America.”Parliament responded to this act of defiance in 1774 by passing a series of acts known as the Coercive Acts. They were designed to punish Boston and to show colonists throughout America that England would not tolerate such resistance to its authority.1.According to the passage, parliamentary leaders（ ）.2.We can infer from the passage that（ ）.3.What was the Coercive Acts?4.What did the Americans do when the East India Company planned to ship thousands of pounds of tea to America?5.The word “smuggled” most likely means （ ）.问题1选项A.imported tea from South CarolinaB.were great tea drinkersC.misjudged the American colonistD.feared that they would have to buy cheap tea问题2选项A.the Americans wanted to buy tea from HollandB.tea in Holland was cheaper than that in EnglandC.the crowd was growing more patientD.the Americans agreed to the imposition of the tax问题3选项A.They were designed to help pay the cost of protecting the colonies from the Indians.B.They were to permit the East India Company to ship tea directly to American portsC.They were a series of acts known as the tax on teaD.They were designed to show Americans that England would not be patient with their resistance问题4选项A.They tried to drive them out of businessB.They med to welcome the tea merchants from the East India CompanyC.They waited for the meeting to discuss the tax on tea.D.They tried to accept port duties on imports.问题5选项A.to get rid ofB.to make unable to get airC.to bring sth. into or take sth. out of a country without payment of legal dutiesD.to break into piece with violence and noise【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段，“Parliamentary leaders failed to understand the American colonist.”，可知议会领导人未能了解美国殖民者。下文就用具体事例说明，他们误以为这些北美殖民者们会购买东印度公司更加便宜的茶叶。可判断出议会的领导人错误地判断了美国殖民者的意图和行为。因此选项C符合题意。2.判断推理题。根据文章第一段第二句，“They thought the American would buy the cheap, legal East India Company tea rather than the more expensive smuggled tea from Holland.”，可知他们认为美国人会买便宜合法的东印度公司的茶叶，而不是购买从荷兰走私来的更贵的茶叶。可判断出美国人更愿意从荷兰购买茶叶。因此选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章最后一段，“They were designed to punish Boston and to show colonists throughout America that England would not tolerate such resistance to its authority.”，可知他们制定这一系列强制性法案的目的是惩罚波士顿，并向美洲各地的殖民者表明，英国不会容忍这种对其权威的反抗。可判断出制定此法案的目的实际上是向美国人表明，英国不会容忍他们的反抗。因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据文章第二段，“When the colonists learned about the East India Companys plan, local tea merchants in American ports from South Carolina to Maine took steps to meet this attempt to drive them out of business.”，可知当殖民者得知东印度公司的计划时，从南卡罗来纳到缅因州的美国港口的当地茶叶商人采取一系列措施使他们破产。可判断出当东印度公司计划向美国运送数千磅茶叶时，美国人企图采取措施让他们破产。因此选项A符合题意。5.词义理解题。根据文章第一段第二句，“legal East India Company tea rather than the more expensive smuggled tea from Holland.”，可知美国人购买从荷兰走私的更贵的茶叶，而不是合法的东印度公司的茶叶，句子中legal和smuggled形成对比，可知smuggled的意思为“走私的”，可将smuggle解释为将某物输入或输出一个国家而不需要支付合法税款。因此选项C符合题意。8. 单选题W: Would you like me to get you some tea?M: Not now, thanks. Maybe later.Q: What does the man want?问题1选项A.To drink tea in a while.B.To prepare tea himself.C.To get the woman some tea later.D.To drink something else.【答案】A【解析】根据男士的回答“Not now, thanks. Maybe later.现在不用，谢谢。可能一会儿会需要。”可知A选项一会儿再喝正确。9. 单选题The early pioneers had to （ ）many hardships to settle on the new land.问题1选项A.go along withB.go back onC.go throughD.go into【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。A选项go along with “赞同，陪同前往，附合”；B选项go back on “违背，背弃”；C选项go through“经历，通过，经受”；D选项go into“进入,研究”。根据句意“为了在新大陆中定居，早期的拓荒者们需要重重苦难”，C选项“经历”正确。10. 单选题Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply（ ）.问题1选项A.descendedB.slippedC.lessenedD.declined【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。descend “下降，下倾（数量）”；slip “使滑动”；lessen “使变小，使减轻”；decline “下降，拒绝”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。因此选项D符合题意。11. 单选题The dentists confident manner （ ）me that I was in safe hands.问题1选项A.insuredB.assuredC.ensuredD.secured【答案】B【解析】形近词辨析题。insure确保，投保；assure保证，担保；ensure确保，使安全；secure保护，使安全。句意：牙医自信的态度使我确信我是由可靠的医生在诊治。选项A和D不符合句意；选项B assure sb. sth.或assure sb.+that从句，意为使某人确信.，符合句意；选项C发用法为ensure sth. to sb.，所以选项B正确。12. 单选题There is a real possibility that these animals could be frightened（ ） a sudden loud noise.问题1选项A.being thereB.should there beC.there wasD.there having been【答案】B【解析】语法题。根据句子结构和选项，可知空格中应填入虚拟条件句，因为省略if，所以应使用倒装，选项C和D可排除。根据句意可知，句子是对将来的虚拟，主句形式为should/could/would/might+动词原形，从句形式为should+动词原形。句意：如果突然发出很大的声音，这些动物很可能会受到惊吓。因此选项B符合题意。13. 单选题His time at university was the most （ ）period of her life.问题1选项A.eventualB.enduringC.eventuallyD.eventful【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。eventual “最后的，最终的”；enduring “持久的，能忍受的”； eventually “最后，终于，副词”；eventful “多事的，重大的”。根据句子结构，可知空格中填入形容词修饰period，选项C可排除。句意：他的大学时光是一生中最重要的时光。因此选项D符合题意。14. 单选题（ ） us earlier, （ ）your request to the full.问题1选项A.You have contacted. we could comply withB.Had you contacted. we could have complied withC.You had contacted. could we have complied withD.Have you contacted. we could comply with【答案】B【解析】考查语法知识。综合题干和选项判断，本题考查的是省略if的虚拟语气。本题表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句用过去完成时，主句用would/could/might/should+现在完成时。因此B选项符合题意。15. 单选题Many teachers believe that the responsibilities for learning lie with the students. （1）a long reading assignment is given, instructors expect students to be familiar with the（2）in the reading even if they do not discuss it in class or take an examination. The（3）student is considered to be（4）who is motivated to learn for the sake of（5） , not the one interested only in getting high grader.Sometimes homework is returned（6） brief written comments but without a grade. Even if a grade is not given, the students is（7） for learning the material assigned. When research is（8） , the professor expected the student to take it actively and to complete with（9）guidance. It is the（10） responsibility to find books, magazines, and articles in the library. Professors do not have the time to explain（11） a university library works; they expect students,（12）graduate students, to be able to exhaust the reference（13） in the library. Professors will help students who need it, but（14）that their students should not be（15）dependent on them.问题1选项A.IfB.AlthoughC.BecauseD.Since问题2选项A.suggestionB.contextC.abstractD.information问题3选项A.poorB.idealC.averageD.disappointment问题4选项A.suchB.oneC.anyD.some问题5选项A.funB.workC.learningD.prize问题6选项A.byB.inC.forD.with问题7选项A.criticizedB.innocentC.responsibleD.dismissed问题8选项A.collatedB.distributedC.assignedD.finished问题9选项A.maximumB.minimumC.possibleD.practical问题10选项A.student sB.professor sC.assistant sD.librarian s问题11选项A.whenB.whatC.whyD.how问题12选项A.particularlyB.essentiallyC.obviouslyD.rarely问题13选项A.selectionsB.collectionsC.sourceD.origins问题14选项A.hateB.dislikeC.likeD.prefer问题15选项A.tooB.suchC.muchD.more【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C第6题:D第7题:C第8题:C第9题:B第10题:A第11题:D第12题:A第13题:C第14题:D第15题:A【解析】（1）逻辑连接词。根据句子结构可知，空格中填入一个引导连接词引导状语从句，主句部分为instructors expect students to be familiar with，上一句提到布置一份很长的阅读作业，下一句提到老师希望学生们熟悉即使不在课堂上讨论或进行考试。可判断出前后两句存在假设关系，前一句为后一句的前提条件。选用if引导条件状语从句。句意：如果布置一份很长的阅读作业，老师希望学生们熟悉。因此选项A符合题意。（2）名词词义辨析。根据句意，老师们希望学生熟悉阅读材料中的即使不在课堂上讨论或进行考试。Suggestion “建议”；context “语境”；abstract “摘要”；information “信息”。可知教师要求学生熟悉材料中的信息。因此信息D符合题意。（3）形容词词义辨析。Poor “差的，可怜的”；ideal “理想的”；average “平均的，普通的”；disappointment “失望，沮丧，名词”。根据下文 “is motivated to learn for the sake of , not the one interested only in getting high grader.”，可知这些学生学习不仅仅是为了拿高分，而是为了，可判断出这是理想的学生。因此信息B符合题意。（4）语法题。根据句子结构可知，空格后是由who引导的定语从句，所以空格中需填入一个先行词。句子的主语为the ideal student，人作主语，所以可用代词one代指人，作先行词代词the ideal student。因此选项B符合题意。（5）上下文语义。根据句意，这些理想的学生是为了而学习，而不仅仅为了拿高分。Fun “乐趣”；work “工作”；learning “学习”；prize “奖项”。可判断出理想的学生是为了学习知识而学习。因此选项C符合题意。（6）介词词义辨析。By “通过”；in “在里面”；for “为了”；with “具有，带着”。句意：有时，家庭作业会被退回来，并附有简短的书面评论，但没有分数。所以选用be returned with “带着退回”。因此选项D符合题意。（7）形容词词义辨析。Criticized “被批评的” ；innocent “无辜的，天真的”；responsible “负责任的”；dismissed “解雇的，解散的”。又根据固定搭配be responsible for “对负责”。句意：即使没有给出分数，学生也有责任学习指定的材料。因此选项C符合题意。（8）动词词义辨析。Collate “核对，整理，检验”；distribute “分配，散布，物品的分配发放” ；assign “分配，指派，特指分配任务”；finish “完成”。句意：当教授布置研究任务时，他希望学生积极参与。因此选项C符合题意。（9）形容词词义辨析。Maximum “最高的，最多的，最大的”；minimum“最小的，最低的” ；possible “可能的，合理的”；practical “实际的，实用性的”。句意：当教授布置研究任务时，他希望学生积极参与，在最少的指导下完成。因此选项B符合题意。（10）上下文语义理解。根据上文提到当教授布置研究任务时，他希望学生积极参与，在最少的指导下完成。可知下文提到在图书馆查资料是学生自己的责任。因此选项A符合题意。（11）语法题。根据句子结构及空格前的动词explain，可知后接宾语从句，空格中应填入一个引导词来引导宾语从句。根据句意：教授们没有时间解释大学图书馆是如何查资料的。因此选项D符合题意。（12）副词词义辨析。Particularly “特别是，尤其是”；essentia