2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考试题库及模拟押密卷77（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题2. Mobile phones have renewed the interpersonal relationships. There is usually a notice on the door of the meeting room, which reads, “Please turn off your mobile phones during the meeting!” Still, the meeting room invariably echoes with the mobile rings. Although we are all ordinary people with few matters of great urgency, we will not turn off our mobile phones unless absolutely necessary. Turning on the mobile phones is a symbol of our contact with the world. Mobile phones reflect our hunger for social communication, as can always be seen in a phone user who comes to a sudden halt on his way, staring at the screen of his mobile phone for texting regardless of whether he is in the middle of a road or by a public toilet.【答案】2. 手机刷新了人与人之间的关系。会议室门口通常贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。可是会议室里的手机铃声仍然响成一片。我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。尽管如此，我们也不会轻易关掉手机。打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。最为常见的是，一个人走在路上突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。2. 单选题_ when she started to complaining.问题1选项A.Not until he arrivedB.No sooner had he arrivedC.Scarcely did he arriveD.Hardly had he arrived【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. Not until he arrived直到他到达 B. No sooner had he arrived他一到达C. Scarcely did he arrive 他一到达 D. Hardly had he arrived他一到达【考查点】倒装句。【解题思路】根据句子中的when可知，scarcely/hardlywhen为倒装结构，表示“一就”，句子要部分倒装；根据started可知，事情发生在过去，她开始抱怨是在他到达之后，所以空格处要用过去完成时，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A项不与when搭配；B项一般与than搭配。【句意】他刚到，她就开始抱怨起来。3. 单选题_, Edward couldnt help but resent how insignificant his mother made him feel.问题1选项A.Warm hearted as he wasB.That he was warm-heartedC.Though warm-hearted he wasD.Warm-hearted although he was【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. Warm-hearted as he was尽管他是个热心肠的 B. That he was warm-hearted他是个热心肠的C. Though warm-hearted he was尽管他是个热心肠的 D. Warm-hearted although he was尽管他是个热心肠的【考查点】倒装句。【解题思路】该句考查倒装结构，as/though引导让步状语从句放句首要进行部分倒装，一般是将表语或状语提前，即名词/动词/形容词/副词 + as/though + 主语 + 谓语，所以该题选择A项正确。【干扰项排除】C项应该把warm-hearted放句首；B项是一个主语从句，但题干不缺主语成分；D项although不倒装。【句意】尽管爱德华是个热心肠的人，但他还是忍不住对母亲让他觉得自己微不足道感到气愤。4. 单选题Lest anyone _ it strange, let me assure you that it is quite true.问题1选项A.thoughtB.had thoughtC.should thinkD.thinking【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. thought认为 B. had thought认为C. should think认为 D. thinking认为【考查点】虚拟语气。【解题思路】lest表示“以免”，在这表示一种假设的情况，所以要用虚拟语气should do，故空格处要填入should think，该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合虚拟语气用法。【句意】以免有人大惊小怪，我在此证实事实属实。5. 单选题Einsteins theory of relativity seemed hard to believe at the time _.问题1选项A.that he first introduced itB.when he first introducedC.he first introducedD.which he first introduced it【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. that he first introduced it他第一次介绍它 B. when he first introduced他第一次介绍C. he first introduced他第一次介绍 D. which he first introduced it他第一次介绍它【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】分析句子可知，at the time（在那时）为句子的时间状语从句，句意是“爱因斯坦的相对论在当时似乎难以置信”，空格处为定语从句修饰at the time，引导词在定语从句中充当时间状语，所以从句主谓宾必须完整，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项缺少宾语it；D项which应该改为at which。【句意】当爱因斯坦第一次提出相对论时，他的理论似乎难以置信。6. 不定项选择题Few people doubt the fundamental importance of mothers in child-rearing, but what do fathers do? Much of what they contribute is simply the result of being a second adult in the home. Bringing up children is demanding, stressful and exhausting. Two adults can support and make up for each others deficiencies and build on each others strengths.Fathers also bring an array of unique qualities. Some are familiar: protector and role model. Teenage boys without fathers are notoriously prone to trouble. The pathway to adulthood for daughters is somewhat easier, but they must still learn from their fathers, in ways they cannot from their mothers, how to relate to men. They learn from their fathers about heterosexual trust, intimacy and difference. They learn to appreciate their own femininity from the one male who is most special in their lives. Most important, through loving and being loved by their fathers, they learn that they are love-worthy.Current research gives much deeper, and more surprising, insight into the fathers role in child-rearing. One significantly overlooked dimension of fathering is play. From their childrens birth through adolescence, fathers tend to emphasize play more than caretaking. The fathers style of play is likely to be both physically stimulating and exciting. With older children it involves more teamwork, requiring competitive testing of physical and mental skills. It frequently resembles a teaching relationship: come on, let me show you how. Mothers play more at the childs level. They seem willing to let the child direct play.Kids, at least in the early years, seem to prefer to play with daddy. In one study of 2.5-year olds who were given a choice, more than two-thirds chose to play with their father.The way fathers paly has effects on everything from the management of emotions to intelligence and academic achievement. It is particularly important in promoting self-control. According to one expert, “children who roughhouse with their fathers quickly learn that biting, kicking and other forms of physical violence are not acceptable.” They learn when to “shut it down.”At play and in other realms, fathers tend to stress competition, challenge, initiative, risk-taking and independence. Mothers, as caretakers, stress emotional security and personal safety. On the playground fathers often try to get the child to swing ever higher, while mothers are cautious, worrying about an accident.We know, too, that fathers involvement seems to be linked to improved verbal and problem-solving skills and higher academic achievement. Several studies found that along with paternal strictness, the amount of time fathers spent reading with them was a strong predictor of their daughters verbal ability.Form sons the results have been equally striking. Studies uncovered a strong relationship between fathers involvement and the mathematical abilities of their sons. Other studies found a relationship between paternal nurturing and boys verbal intelligence.1. The first paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is _.2. According to paragraph 3, one significant difference between the fathers and mothers role in child-rearing is _.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE?4. Studies investigating fathers involvement in child-rearing show that _.5. The writers main point in writing this article is _.问题1选项A.husband and wife can share houseworkB.two adults are always better than oneC.the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognizedD.husband and wife can compensate for each others shortcomings问题2选项A.the style of play encouragedB.the amount of time availableC.the strength of emotional tiesD.the emphasis of intellectual development问题3选项A.Mothers tend to stress personal safety less than fathers.B.Boys are likely to benefit more from their fathers caring.C.Fathers tend to encourage creativeness and independence.D.Girls learn to read more quickly with the help of their fathers.问题4选项A.this improve kids mathematical and verbal abilitiesB.the more time spent with kids, the better they speakC.the more strict the fathers are, the cleverer the kidsD.girls usually do better than boys academically问题5选项A.to warm society of increasing social problemsB.to emphasize the fathers role in the familyC.to discuss the responsibilities of fathersD.to show sympathy for one-parent families【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【选项释义】1. The first paragraph points out that one of the advantages of a family with both parents is _. 1. 第一段指出双亲家庭的优势之一是_。A. husband and wife can share housework A. 丈夫和妻子可以分担家务B. two adults are always better than one B. 两个大人总比一个大人强C. the fundamental importance of mothers can be fully recognized C. 母亲的根本重要性可以得到充分认可D. husband and wife can compensate for each others shortcomings D. 丈夫和妻子可以弥补彼此的缺点【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段，根据最后一句“两个成年人可以互相支持，弥补彼此的不足（make up for each others deficiencies），并建立在彼此的优势之上”可知，双亲家庭的优势之一是两个成年人可以互相支持，弥补彼此的缺点，所以D项“丈夫和妻子可以弥补彼此的缺点”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“丈夫和妻子可以分担家务”和B项“两个大人总比一个大人强”符合生活常识，但是第一段并未提到，这两项无中生有；C项“母亲的根本重要性可以得到充分认可”在第一段第一句有提到“很少有人怀疑母亲在抚养孩子方面的根本重要性，但是父亲们做什么呢？”，但该项表述太片面，属于曲解原文。2.【选项释义】2. According to paragraph 3, one significant difference between the fathers and mothers role in child-rearing is _. 2. 根据第三段，父亲和母亲在抚养孩子方面的一个重要区别是_。A. the style of play encouraged A. 所鼓励的游戏方式B. the amount of time available B. 可供使用的时间C. the strength of emotional ties C. 情感联系的强度D. the emphasis of intellectual development D. 对智力发展的重视【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】首先定位至第三段，第一二句提到“目前的研究对父亲在抚养孩子中的作用给出了更深入、更令人惊讶的见解。为人父亲的一个明显被忽视的方面是玩耍。”可知，父亲在抚养孩子中最容易被忽视的方面是玩耍，然后后面描述了父亲和母亲对于孩子玩耍的两种不同方式：“父亲的游戏风格更加倾向于身心的激励。对于年龄较大的孩子，这需要更多的团队合作，需要对身体和智力技能进行竞争性测试。它常常类似于一种教学关系母亲与孩子之间的玩耍多在孩子们的孩童时期。他们似乎愿意让孩子们直接玩。”，从中可知，父亲和母亲在鼓励孩子们玩耍上，所用的是两种完全不同的方式，父亲会教孩子如何玩耍，而母亲则更乐意让孩子直接玩，综合理解可推断，父亲和母亲在抚养孩子方面的一个重要区别是对于鼓励孩子们玩耍的方式，A项“所鼓励的游戏方式”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“可供使用的时间”没有提及，无中生有；C项“情感联系的强度”和D项“对智力发展的重视”都是父亲和母亲对待游戏方面不同的鼓励方式所表现出来的差异，最根本的区别还是在于所鼓励的游戏方式不同，这两项属于曲解原文。3.【选项释义】3. Which of the following statements is TRUE? 3. 下列哪个陈述是正确的？A. Mothers tend to stress personal safety less than fathers. A. 母亲往往比父亲更少强调个人安全。B. Boys are likely to benefit more from their fathers caring. B. 男孩可能会从父亲的关爱中获益更多。C. Fathers tend to encourage creativeness and independence. C. 父亲倾向于鼓励创造性和独立性。D. Girls learn to read more quickly with the help of their fathers. D. 女孩在父亲的帮助下学习阅读更快。【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据倒数第三段第一句“在游戏和其他领域，父亲往往强调竞争、挑战、主动、冒险和独立（competition, challenge, initiative, risk-taking and independence）”可知，父亲倾向于鼓励孩子们竞争、挑战、主动、冒险和独立，其中initiative也可以表示“首创精神”，是creativeness 的同义转换，所以C项“父亲倾向于鼓励创造性和独立性”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“母亲往往比父亲更少强调个人安全”根据倒数第三段第二句“母亲，作为照顾者，强调情感安全和个人安全”可知，该项属于反向干扰；B项“男孩可能会从父亲的关爱中获益更多”根据最后一段的内容“研究发现，父亲的参与程度和儿子的数学能力之间有着密切的关系。其他研究也发现了父亲的教育与男孩语言智力之间的关系。”可知，文中虽然提到父亲对男孩在语言和数学能力有帮助，但是并没有与男孩从母亲那得到的益处做比较，该项曲解原文；D项“女孩在父亲的帮助下学习阅读更快”根据倒数第二段最后一句“除了父亲的严格要求外，父亲与女儿一起阅读的时间是女儿语言能力的一个重要指标”可知，父亲和女儿一起阅读能促进孩子的语言能力，并不是阅读更快速，该项偷换概念。4.【选项释义】4. Studies investigating fathers involvement in child-rearing show that _. 4. 对父亲参与育儿的研究表明_。A. this improve kids mathematical and verbal abilities A. 这能提高孩子的数学和语言能力B. the more time spent with kids, the better they speak B. 和孩子在一起的时间越长，孩子们说话就越好C. the more strict the fathers are, the cleverer the kids C. 父亲越严格，孩子就越聪明D. girls usually do better than boys academically D. 女孩通常在学业上比男孩做得好【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据最后一段的内容“研究发现，父亲的参与程度和儿子的数学能力之间有着密切的关系。其他研究也发现了父亲的教育与男孩语言智力之间的关系。”可知，父亲参与育儿能提高孩子的数学能力和语言能力，A项“这能提高孩子的数学和语言能力”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“和孩子在一起的时间越长，孩子们说话就越好”，根据解题思路可知，虽然父亲参与育儿能够提高孩子的语言能力，但语言能力不代表孩子们说话说得很好，该项曲解原文；C项“父亲越严格，孩子就越聪明”和D项“女孩通常在学业上比男孩做得好”在原文没有提及，这两项无中生有。5.【选项释义】5. The writers main point in writing this article is _. 5. 作者写这篇文章的主要观点是_。A. to warm society of increasing social problems A. 缓解社会问题的增加B. to emphasize the fathers role in the family B. 强调父亲在家庭中的角色C. to discuss the responsibilities of fathers C. 讨论父亲的责任D. to show sympathy for one-parent families D. 对单亲家庭表示同情【考查点】主旨大意题。【解题思路】文章首句通过一个问题“很少有人怀疑母亲在抚养孩子方面的根本重要性，但是父亲们做了什么呢？”引出了文章的主题，即父亲在抚养孩子上所发挥的作用，然后第二段讲述了父亲在养育孩子方面带来的一系列特别的作用，接下来几段描述的是对于父亲参与育儿带来的一系列好处的研究；综上所述我们可以推断出，这篇文章主要是强调父亲在家庭中所扮演的重要的角色，故B项“强调父亲在家庭中的角色”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“缓解社会问题的增加”和C项“讨论父亲的责任”在原文只有部分提及，属于以偏概全；D项“对单亲家庭表示同情”在原文没有依据，属于无中生有。7. 单选题_ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.问题1选项A.AsB.WhatC.ThatD.It【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. As就像，作为 B. What什么C. That那个 D. It它【考查点】定语从句。【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，主句结构完整，所以前半句为非限制性定语从句，修饰后面整个主句，空格处要填入一个引导词，而as引导非限制性定语从句可以放在句首也可以放在句尾，所以该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项都不能引导非限制定定语从句。【句意】人们普遍认为，经济增长取决于生产的顺利发展。8. 单选题Two thirds of the books _ sold out but only 10 percent of the income _ to me.问题1选项A.was; wereB.was; wasC.were; wasD.were; were【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. was; were是（单数）；是（复数） B. was; was是（单数）；是（单数）C. were; was是（复数）；是（单数） D. were; were是（复数）；是（复数）【考查点】主谓一致。【解题思路】第一个空格的主语是Two thirds of the books（三分之二的书籍），book是可数名词且用的是复数形式，所以第一个空格要填入were；第二个空格的主语是10 percent of the income（百分之十的收入），income是不可数名词，所以第二个空格填入was，该题选择C项恰当。【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合主谓一致原则。【句意】三分之二的书卖完了，但只有10%的收入归我所有。9. 单选题The hindsight bias refers to a pervasive human tendency for people to be remarkably adept at referring a process _ the outcome is known but be unable to predict outcomes _ only the processes and precipitating events are known.问题1选项A.although; ifB.once; whenC.when; in caseD.where; for【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. although; if尽管；如果 B. once; when曾经；当C. when; in case当；以防万一 D. where; for哪里；为了【考查点】连词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“事后诸葛亮偏见指的是一种普遍存在的人类倾向，即_结果已知，人们就会非常熟练地引用某个过程，但_只有过程和突发事件已知时，他们却无法预测结果”可知，第一个空格处表示的是条件，知道了结果，才会熟练引用某个过程，所以第一个空格填入if或者once符合；第二个空格根据句意可知，此处表示时间，填入when符合；故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项由解题思路可知，这三项不符合句子逻辑。【句意】“事后诸葛亮偏见”指的是一种普遍存在的人类倾向，即一旦结果已知，人们就会非常熟练地引用某个过程，但当只有过程和突发事件已知时，他们却无法预测结果。10. 单选题It is _ that women should be paid less than men for doing the same kind of work.问题1选项A.abruptB.absurdC.adverseD.addictive【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. abrupt突然的，意外的 B. absurd荒谬的，荒唐的C. adverse不利的，有害的 D. addictive使人上瘾的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据主语从句的内容“女人做同样的工作却得到比男人少的报酬”可知，做同样的工作，女人的报酬比男人的少，这是荒谬的，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】女人做同样的工作却得到比男人少的报酬，这是荒谬的。11. 翻译题1. When education fails to keep pace with technology, the result is inequality. Without the skills to stay useful as innovations arrive, workers sufferand if enough of them fall behind, society starts to fall apart. That fundamental insight seized reformers in the Industrial Revolution, heralding state- funded universal schooling. Later, automation in factories and offices called forth a surge in college graduates. The combination of education and innovation, spread over decades, led to a remarkable flowering of prosperity. Today robotics and artificial intelligence call for another education revolution.【答案】1. 当教育跟不上科技的发展，结果就是不公平。科技创新到来之时，如果工人的技术不再有用，他们就会吃亏，而当被淘汰的工人太多时，社会就会开始分裂。在工业革命时期，当时的改革者们抓住了这种基本的观点，随之带来的就是由国家出资的全民教育。后来，工业和办公自动化又带来了大学生的激增。数十年来，教育和科技创新的结合，造就了令人瞩目的繁荣之花。今天，机器人和人工智能呼吁着另一场教育变革。12. 单选题It was not until she arrived in class _ realized she had forgotten her book.问题1选项A.and sheB.sheC.when sheD.that she【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. and she并且她 B. she她C. when she当她 D. that she她【考查点】强调句。【解题思路】根据前文的not until可知，it was not untilthat是强调句句型，表示“直到才”，所以该题选择D项。【干扰项排除】A、B、C项均不是强调句。【句意】直到她到了教室才意识到她忘记带书了。13. 单选题When the farmers visited the city for the first time, they were _ by its complicated traffic system.问题1选项A.evokedB.bewilderedC.divertedD.undermined【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. evoked引起，唤起（感情、记忆或形象） B. bewildered使迷惑，使糊涂C. diverted使转向，转移（某人）的注意力 D. undermined逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），使逐步减少效力【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据句意“农民们第一次进城时，他们被城市复杂的交通系统_”可知，他们是对城市复杂的交通系统感到困惑，所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】农民们第一次进城时，对城市复杂的交通系统感到迷惑不解。14. 翻译题Any sufficiently advanced technology, noted Arthur C. Clarke, a British science-fiction writer, is indistinguishable from magic. The fast-emerging technology of voice computing proves his point. (1) Using it is just like casting a spell; say a few words into the air, and a nearby device can grant your wish. Dictating e-mails and text messages now works reliably enough to be useful. For example, Apple s Siri handles over 2bn commands a week, and 20% of Google searches on Android-powered handsets in America are input by voice. Why type when you can talk?This is a huge shift. Simple though it may seem, voice has the power to transform computing, by providing a natural means of interaction. Windows, icons and menus, and then touchscreens, were welcomed as more intuitive ways to deal with computers than entering complex keyboard commands. But being able to talk to computers abolishes the need for the abstraction of a “user interface” at all. (2) Just as mobile phones were more than existing phones without wires, and cars were more than carriages without horses, so computers without screens and keyboards have the potential to be more useful, powerful and ubiquitous than people can imagine today.Voice will not wholly replace other forms of input and output. Sometimes it will remain more convenient to converse with a machine by typing rather than talking (Amazon is said to be working on an Echo device with a built-in screen). (3) But voice is destined to account for a growing share of peoples interactions with the technology around them, from washing machines that tell you how much of the cycle they have left to virtual assistants in corporate call-centers.【答案】1. 使用这项语音计算技术就像施咒一样，对着空气说几句话，附近的一个装置就能实施你的指令。2. 正如移动电话不仅仅是没有电线的电话，汽车也不仅仅是没有马的马车一样，没有屏幕和键盘的电脑可能会比今天人们所想象的更有用、更强大、更无处不在。3. 但从洗衣机告诉你它们还剩多久的使用寿命到企业呼叫中心的虚拟助手，语音注定要在人们与周围技术的互动中占据越来越大的份额。15. 填空题Directions: In this section, there is a passage with five questions. After you have read the passage, answer each question in English. Write down your answer on ANSWER SHEET.A language is a system of sounds, gestures, or characters used by humans to communicate their ideas and feelings. There are about 4,000 spoken languages in the world. Some are spoken by millions of people. Other languages have only a few speakers.All languages have rules for forming words and for ordering those words in sentences. In written languages, meaning is expressed through a system of characters and rules for combining those characters. In spoken languages, meaning is expressed through a system of sounds and rules for combining those sounds. Many deaf people use sign languages, in which gestures do the work of the sound system of spoken languages.Word order is more important in English than it is in some other languages, such as Russian. The sound system is very important in Chinese and in many languages spoken in West Africa.Languages are always changing, but they change very slowly. People invent new words for their language, borrow words from other languages, and change the meanings of words as needed. For example, the English word byte was invented by computer specialists in 1959. The English word tomato was borrowed from Nahuat, an American Indian language spoken in Mexico. The English word meat once referred to food in general.There are several major language families in the world. The languages in each family are related, and scientists think they came from the same parent family. Language families come in different sizes. The Austronesian family contains at least 500 languages, including Pilipino, Malay, and Maori. The Basque language, spoken in northern Spain, is the only member of its language family.The Indo-European language family contains 55 languages, including English, German, Spanish, Russian, and Hindi. Another language family is Sino-Tibetan, which includes Chinese, Burmese, and Tibetan. The Afro-Asiatic family includes Arabic, Hebrew, and Amharic. There are about 150 American Indian languages spoken today. These languages have many differences and have been divided into more than 50 language families.People learn languages by listening, copying what they hear, and using the language. Most children learn their first languages easily, and sometimes other languages as well. Adults often must work harder at learning a second language.1. How many languages are spoken all over the world?2. What are the language rules for?3. How is meaning expressed in sign language?4. What is more important in English compared with other languages?5. Which