2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第35期

2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题I didnt know where to send this _ letter.问题1选项A.registeredB.maidC.mailD.male【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项registered“（信或包裹）挂号的”；B选项maid“女仆”；C选项mail“邮件，信件”；D选项male“男性的”。句意：我不知道该把这封_信寄到哪里。根据语境，这里指的是寄信，横线处修饰letter，A选项registered“（信或包裹）挂号的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题That is a _ point of view. I dont agree with you.问题1选项A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项crystal“水晶”；B选项protein“蛋白质的”；C选项union“联合”；D选项conservative“保守的”。句意：这观点很_。我不同意你的看法。根据语境，D选项conservative“保守的”搭配point of view比较合理，意思指这个观点非常保守，符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题_ our kindness to help her, Susan refused to listen to us.问题1选项A.At allB.For allC.In allD.On all【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项At all“（否定句）根本”；B选项For all“尽管”；C选项In all“总计”；D选项On all“总的来说”。句意：_我们好心地帮助苏珊，她不听我们的。根据语境，这里应该填入连词表示逻辑关系，前后对比表示转折符合语境，B选项For all“尽管”符合题意。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题_, the more severe the winters are.问题1选项A.The more you go northB.The farther north you goC.The more north you goD.The farther you go the north【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查比较级。A选项The more you go north“去北方的次数越多”；B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”；C选项The more north you go语法错误，more和north不放一起；D选项The farther you go the north应该是go to the north。句意：_，冬天的寒气越重。结合语境，B选项The farther north you go“越往北走”符合题意。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Im acting as _ while the manager is away on business.问题1选项A.agencyB.policyC.deputyD.colleague【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项agency“（尤指）代理机构，经销机构；（政府的）专门机构”；B选项policy“政策”；C选项deputy“副手；代理人”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差时，由我_。根据语境，这里指经理不在的时候，我来完成他的工作，C选项deputy“副手；代理人”符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题His debts had to be _ after he committed suicide with his rifle.问题1选项A.laid offB.written offC.turned offD.put off【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项laid off“下岗，解雇”；B选项written off“一笔勾销；注销”；C选项turned off“关闭”；D选项put off“推迟”。句意：他用步枪自杀后，他欠下的债务不得不_。根据语境，这里指他自杀后债务就不存在了，B选项written off“一笔勾销；注销”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 翻译题Parents of wailing babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.(1) Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. “It may point researchers in the right direction to find the causes of excessive crying,” said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disneys Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista, Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes.Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. (2) But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. (3) Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements.Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment.The babies of rhesus macaque monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms.“Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries,” said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago, (4) “But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses.”Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. “Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop,” Bard said. “Ive never seen any chimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable.”Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. “All primate infants cry,” Maestripieri said. (5) “Its a very conserved behavior. Its not something humans have evolved on their own.”【答案】1. 有一天，也许这个答案会解开人类婴儿哭泣之谜。2. 但说到基因方面的原因，你可能会认为自然选择会倾向于吵闹的孩子的基因，因为他们会得到更多的关注。3. 因此，有的进化生物学家提出，自然选择会倾向于所谓的诚实宣传。4. 但随着叫声越来越多，母亲的反应也越来越少，因为她们开始怀疑哭声的真实性。所以婴儿的嗷叫随之变少。5. “这是一种非常保守的行为。这不是人类自己进化出来的。”8. 单选题To handle the delicate situation, you must be _.问题1选项A.carefully enoughB.enough carefullyC.more than carefulD.more carefully【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。more than用于形容词或副词前，意思为“非常；十分”。根据be动词后接形容词确定C选项more than careful“非常小心”正确。其余选项中carefully是副词，不放在be动词后面。句意：要处理这个微妙的局面，你必须非常小心。C选项符合题意。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题They bought the land with a _ to build a new office block.问题1选项A.purposeB.viewC.goalD.reason【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查定语从句。A选项purpose“目的（经过考虑而要做某事的意图）”；B选项view“风景；视野”；C选项goal“目标（想要通过一段时间的努力而在未来实现某事的意图）”；D选项reason“理由，原因”。句意：他们买那块地的_是要建一座新的办公大楼。根据语境，这里指的是现在买地，买地是为了以后建办公大楼， A选项purpose符合题意。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题Yesterday was such a _ day we decided to go for a drive.问题1选项A.gloriousB.dynamicalC.avenueD.invitation【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”；B选项dynamical“有生气的”；C选项avenue“（城镇的）大街”；D选项invitation“邀请”。句意：昨天天气_，我们决定开车去玩。根据语境，这里指的是天气适宜出门玩耍，A选项glorious“（天气）热的，晴朗的”符合题意。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题Culturally, this country is divided into two _.问题1选项A.tidesB.sectionsC.versesD.yards【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项tides“潮水；潮流”；B选项sections“部分”；C选项verses“诗节，歌曲的段落”；D选项yards“（某种用途的）区域，场地”。句意：从文化上讲，这个国家分为两个_。根据语境，这里指的是把一个整体的国家一分为二，B选项sections“部分”符合题意。因此B选项正确。12. 单选题The manager would rather his daughter _ in the same office.问题1选项A.had not workedB.not to workC.does not workD.did not work【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：经理宁愿他的女儿不和他在同一个办公室工作。would rather后接句子时，句子谓语通常用虚拟语气，用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。在这里没有明确表明和女儿在同一个办公室工作的事情已经发生，而是表示将来，希望这样的事情不会发生，所以从句谓语动词用一般过去时，D选项did not work符合题意。A选项had not worked是过去完成时，用于已经发生的事情。B选项not to work和C选项does not work语法错误。因此D选项正确。13. 翻译题(1) Educating girls quite possibly outputs a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Womens education may be unusual territory for economists but enhancing womens contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics with its emphasis on incentives (激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fall to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family girls grow up only to many into somebody elses family and bear children. (2) Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their broths are sent to schoolthe prophecy (预言) becomes self-fulfilling tapping women in vicious circle (恶性循环) of neglect.(3) An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. (4) The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.(5) Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 percent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.【答案】1. 在发展中国家，教育女孩很可能比其他任何投资都能产生更高的回报率。2. 因此，人们认为女孩不如男孩有价值，女孩被留在家里做家务，而她们的兄弟则被送去上学。这个预言自我应验，让女性陷入被忽视的恶性循环。3. 另一方面，受过良好教育的母亲在外挣钱的能力更强，并且面临着完全不同的选择。4. 她女儿受到的教育使下一代女孩更有可能和男孩一样，受到教育并且健康。5. 几乎没有人会对女性受教育具有巨大的社会效益提出异议，而这也具有巨大的经济效益。14. 单选题The German Governments long-planned return to its historic capital is in full _ this summer, almost 10 years after the fall of the Berlin Wall.问题1选项A.gearB.speedC.rateD.move【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项gear“齿轮；（特定用途的）器械”；B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”，full speed“全速（或全力）向前”；C选项rate“速度；比率”；D选项move“行动”。句意：在柏林墙倒塌近10年后的今年夏天，德国政府计划已久的重返历史上的首都的计划_。根据语境，这里指的是全力推动计划，结合词组full speed“全速（或全力）向前”，B选项speed“（发生或进行的）速度，进度”符合题意。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题The suggestion that the mayor _ the prizes was accepted by everyone.问题1选项A.presentsB.ought to presentC.would presentD.present【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：大家接受了由市长颁奖的建议。一坚持(insist)、二命令(order, command)、三建议(advise, suggest, propose)、四要求(demand, require, request, desire)后面可以跟宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，即其谓语部分用should+动词原形，其中should可省略。这里suggest跟宾语从句，用虚拟语气，D选项“present”符合题意。A选项presents，B选项ought to present和C选项would present用法错误。因此D选项正确。16. 单选题There are _ approaches to English teaching Hut not all of them are equally efficient for our Chinese students.问题1选项A.originateB.diverseC.doubleD.joint【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项originate“起源；创建”；B选项diverse“多种多样的”；C选项double“两倍的；成双的；双人的”；D选项joint“联合的”。句意：英语教学的方法_，但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。根据不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多种方法，B选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题He is very kind and has put his car entirely at our _ for the holiday.问题1选项A.usageB.disposalC.pleasureD.position【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项usage“使用，利用，利用率”；B选项at ones disposal “由某人支配，由某人做主”；C选项at ones pleasure“随心所欲”；D选项position“位置，地方”。句意：他非常热心，在假期把他的汽车_。根据语境，这里指的是把车借给我们用，B选项at ones disposal“由某人支配”符合题意。因此B选项正确。18. 单选题Several recent studies have found that being randomly (随机地) assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood (可能性) of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice and compel students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships.An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakyethe only black student on his freshman year floorsaid that “if youre surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.”Researchers also observed problems resulting from pairing interracial students in residences. According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the findings. “This may be the first time that some of these students have interacted, and lived, with someone of a different race,” she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when applying tor housing.“One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some exceptions, the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. “This is the definition of integration.”“Ive experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and reinforced stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor RA. The RA of two years added that while some conflicts “provided more multicultural acceptance and melding (融合)”, there were also “jarring cultural confrontations”.The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race. Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.1. What can we learn from some recent studies?2. What does Sam Boakyes remark mean?3. What does the Indiana University study show?4. What does Alec Webley consider to be the “definition of integration”?5. What does Grace Kao say about interracial lodging?问题1选项A.Conflicts between students of different races are unavoidable.B.Students of different races are prejudiced against each other.C.Interracial lodging does more harm than good.D.Interracial lodging may have diverse outcomes.问题2选项A.White students tend to look down upon their black peers.B.Black students can compete with their white peers academically.C.Black students feel somewhat embarrassed among white peers during the freshman year.D.Being surrounded by white peers motivates a black student to work harder to succeed.问题3选项A.Interracial roommates are more likely to fall out.B.Few white students like sharing a room with a black peer.C.Roommates of different races just dont get along.D.Assigning students lodging randomly is not a good policy.问题4选项A.Students of different races are required to share a room.B.Interracial lodging is arranged by the school for freshmen.C.Lodging is assigned to students of different races without exception.D.The school randomly assigns roommates without regard to race.问题5选项A.It is unscientific to make generalizations about it without further study.B.Schools should be cautious when making decisions about student lodging.C.Students racial background should be considered before lodging is assigned.D.Experienced resident advisors should be assigned to handle the problems.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第一段Several recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased tolerance but also to a greater likelihood of conflict.（最近的一些研究发现，让不同种族的学生住在一起可能会增强包容性，但也可能会增加冲突的几率。），可知不同种族的学生住在一起可能会有好的结果和不好的结果，并且没有强调更有可能是好的还是不好的结果，D选项“让不同种族的学生住在一起可能有不同的结果”正确，A选项“不同种族的学生之间的冲突不可避免”和C选项“让不同种族的学生住在一起弊大于利”错误。B选项“不同种族的学生互相有偏见”：根据第二段Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease prejudice（最近的报告发现，与不同种族的学生住在一起可能会减少偏见），可知文章表达的重点是偏见可能会减少，而不是强调偏见的存在。因此D选项正确。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。根据第三段black students living with a white roommate saw higher academic success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.（与白人室友同住的黑人学生在整个大学生涯中获得了更高的学术成就。研究人员认为这可能是社会压力造成的。）和第四段In a New York Times article, Sam Boakyethe only black student on his freshman year floorsaid that “if youre surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.”（在纽约时报的一篇文章中，大学一年级唯一的黑人学生Sam boakye说：“如果你周围都是白人，你就得证明自己。”），可知与白人室友同住的黑人学生更加努力，因此获得了更高的学术成就，D选项“周围是白人同学的环境激励黑人学生更加努力地工作以获得成功”正确。B选项“黑人学生可以在学业上与白人同龄人竞争”：不是表达的重点，故错误。A选项“白人学生往往看不起他们的黑人同学”和C选项“在大学一年级期间，黑人学生在白人同龄人中有些尴尬”：文中没有提到。因此D选项正确。3.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第五段第二句According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so strained that one roommate will move out.（根据最近的两项研究，随机分配的不同种族的室友更有可能经历紧张的冲突，以至于其中一个室友会搬出去。）和第六段An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester.（印第安纳大学的一项研究发现，到学期结束时，不同种族室友不住在一起的可能性是两个白人室友的三倍。），可知不同种族的学生住在一起比同种族的学生住在一起更容易闹矛盾，但不是一定会闹矛盾，A选项“不同种族的室友更容易争吵”正确，C选项“不同种族的室友相处不好”错误。B选项“很少有白人学生喜欢和黑人同学合住一个房间”：没有具体提到白人学生对住宿对象的意向。D选项“随机分配学生住宿不是一个好政策”：这里讨论的是不同种族的学生住在一起的相关情况，而非随机分配学生住宿不是一个好政策是否合理。因此A选项正确。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。根据第九段“the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. “This is the definition of integration.”（“这个过程会随意地把你们聚在一起。”本科生大会主席Alec Webley说，“这就是整合的定义。”），可知这里的“整合”指的是把不同种族的学生随机聚在一起，D选项“学校随机分配室友，不考虑种族”正确。A选项“不同种族的学生被要求共享一个房间”和B选项“学校为新生安排不同种族的室友”：学校没有特意规定和硬性要求，室友都是随机分配，故错误。C选项“对不同种族的学生一视同仁”：这里的重点不是平等对待所有学生，给所有学生同样的福利或待遇，而是强调随机分配室友，故错误。因此D选项正确。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据文章最后一句Kao said she cautions against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.（Kao说，她告诫不要基于任何一项研究得出一般性结论，指出需要研究和解释更多学生的背景特征。），可知Kao认为需要进行足够的研究才能给出结论，A选项“没有进一步研究就对其进行概括是不科学的”正确。B选项“学校在安排学生住宿时应该谨慎”，C选项“在分配住宿之前，应该考虑学生的种族背景”和D选项“应该指派有经验的室长来处理这些问题”：文中没有提到，故错误。因此A选项正确。19. 单选题The clothes a person wears may express his _ or social position.问题1选项A.curiosityB.statusC.determinationD.significance【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项curiosity“好奇”；B选项status“身份，职位”；C选项determination“决心”；D选项significance“（尤指对将来有影响的）重要性；意思，含义”。句意：一个人穿的衣服可以体现他的_或社会地位。根据语境，这里指的是可以通过衣服看出一个人的社会信息，B选项status“身份，职位”符合题意。因此B选项正确。20. 翻译题(1) As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society has been shifting from curing disease to preventing disease. And especially in terms of changing our many unhealthy behaviors, such as poor eating habits, smoking, and failure to exercise. The line of thought involved in this shift can be pursued further. Imagine a person who is about the right weight, but does not eat very nutritious (有影响的) foods, who feels OK but exercises only occasionally, who goes to work every day, but is not an outstanding worker, who drinks a few beers at home most nights but does not drive while drunk, and who has no chest pains or abnormal blood counts, but sleeps a lot and often feels tired. (2) This person is not ill. He may not even be at risk for any particular disease. But we can imagine that this person could be a lot healthier.(3) The field of medicine has not traditionally distinguished between someone who is merely “not ill” and someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the bodys special needs. Both types have simply been called “well”. In recent years, however, some health specialists have begun to apply the terms “well” and “wellness” only to those who are actively striving to maintain and improve their health. (4) People who are well are concerned with nutrition and exercise, and they make a point of monitoring their bodys condition. Most important, perhaps, people who are well take active responsibility for all matters related to their health. Even people who have a physical disease or handicap (缺陷) may be “well”, in this new sense, if they make an effort to maintain the best possible health they can in the face of their physical limitations. “Wellness” may perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, but as an ideal that people can strive for. People who are well are likely to be better able to resist disease and to fight disease when it strikes. (5) And by focusing attention on healthy ways of living, the concept of wellness can have a beneficial impact on the ways in which people face the challenges of daily life.【答案】1. 正如我们所见，如今社会医疗保健的重点已从治疗疾病转向预防疾病。2. 这个人没有生病，