2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及模拟押密卷5（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题By now he has reached the（ ）of his ambition.问题1选项A.superiorityB.resolutionC.summitD.procedure【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项superiority“优越”；B选项resolution“分辨率，决心”；C选项summit“顶点”；D选项procedure“程序，步骤”。句意：到目前为止，他已经达到了他抱负的顶峰。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题He was extremely（ ）by the illness of his daughter.问题1选项A.agitatedB.exploitedC.influencedD.dominated【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。A选项agitate“使.不安”；B选项exploit“开发”；C选项influence“影响”；D选项dominate“控制，支配”。句意：女儿的疾病使他特别焦虑不安。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题More than a decade ago, cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz, both then at Vanderbilt University, found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called preparation for future learning. The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction. Shockingly, the two groups came up with plans of similar quality (although the college students had better spelling skills). From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystem and extinction, major scientific ideas.The researchers decided to go deeper, however. They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans. On this task, they found eagles and their habitats. Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles (“How big are they? and What do they eat?). The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill than elementary and secondary schools. At the Exploratorium in San Francisco, we recently studied learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of peoples scientific inquiry. We found that we taught participants to ask “What if?” and “How can? questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration, they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibitasking more questions, performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results. Specifically, their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit. Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try, they tended to include both cause and effect in their question. Asking juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional settings. Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools. Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum. But people must acquire this skill somewhere. Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment, say, or what we must do about global energy needs and demands. For that, we have a robust informal learning system that gives no grades, takes all comers, and is available even on holidays and weekends.1.What is traditional educators interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph?2.In what way are college students different from children?3.What is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?4.What is said to be the advantage of informal learning?5.What does the author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?问题1选项A.Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problemsB.College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing facts.C.Education has not paid enough attention to major environment issuesD.Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas问题2选项A.They have learned to think critically.B.They are concerned about social issues.C.They are curious about specific featuresD.They have learned to work independently问题3选项A.It arouses students interest in things around themB.It cultivates students ability to make scientific inquiriesC.It trains students ability to design scientific experimentsD.It helps students realize not every question has an answer问题4选项A.It allows for failuresB.It charges no tuitionC.It is entertainingD.It meets practical needs问题5选项A.Train students to think about global issuesB.Design more interactive classroom activitiesC.Make full use of informal learning resourcesD.Include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据关键词“traditional educator”定位到第一段最后一句“From the standpoint of a traditional educator, this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystem and extinction, major scientific ideas.”从传统教育家的立场来看，这一结果表明，学校教育未能帮助学生思考生态系统和灭绝，这是主要的科学思想。也就是说，教育未能引导学生思考主要的科学思想。选项D符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据第一段第一句“John Bransford和Daniel Schwartz发现，区分年轻人和儿童的不在于他们是否能够记住事实或将之前的知识应用到新环境中，而在于他们称之为为未来学习做准备的素质。”再根据第二段最后一句“The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions, the cornerstone of critical thinking. They had learned how to learn.大学生培养了问问题的能力，这是批判性思维的基石。他们学会了如何学习。”选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“to ask “What if?” and “How can?” questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration.问“如果会怎样?”和“怎么可能?”等一些没有人知道答案的问题，将会引发探索。”所以选项B“培养学生科学探究的能力”符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段第二句“Informal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools.”非正式的学习环境比学校更能容忍失败。选项A符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段最后两句“我们的社会依赖于他们能够对自己的医疗做出关键性的决定，或者说我们必须为全球能源需求做些什么。为此，我们有一个强大的非正式学习系统，不打分，适用于所有人群，甚至在节假日和周末也可以使用。”也就是说，作者建议教育者们充分利用非正式学习系统的资源。选项C符合原文。4. 单选题These seats are（ ）for old and sick people.问题1选项A.conservedB.deservedC.preservedD.reserved【答案】D【解析】近义词辨析题。A选项conserved“保存，保全”；B选项deserved“值得”；C选项preserved“保藏”；D选项reserved“保留”。句意：这些座位是留给老人和病人的。be reserved for意为“为保留”，所以选项D符合句意。5. 翻译题Translate the following sentences into English采取一切有效措施扫清“黄毒”，依法处理相关违法人员。劳教制度废止后，未触犯刑法的违法者，将由社区采取措施进行矫正。醉酒驾驶机动车的行为，要追究法律责任。中国渔政船频繁开赴钓鱼岛，维护国家的合法权益。打击网络犯罪，保护人民生命和财产安全。依法行政是实现“中国梦”的根本性制度保障。【答案】Take all effective measures to clear away the pornography and drugs and deal with the relevant persons who break laws in accordance with the law.After the abolishment of the system of reeducation through labor, the community will take measures to correct the lawbreakers who do not violate the criminal law.To drive a motor vehicle after getting drunk shall be investigated for legal responsibility.Chinese fishery administration vessels frequently set out for Diaoyu islands to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of our country.Crack down network crime and protect peoples lives and property.To administer our government according to law is an essential institutional guarantee for realizing the Chinese dream.6. 单选题The scene is so beautiful that it（ ）my power of description.问题1选项A.ascendsB.descendsC.transcendsD.overtakes【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项ascend“攀登，上升”；B选项descend“下降”；C选项transcend“胜过，超越”；D选项overtake“赶上，压倒”。句意：这景色太美了，我无法形容。也就是超出了描述的能力，所以选项C符合句意。7. 单选题If you get into a bath full of water, some of the water will（ ）onto the floor.问题1选项A.overlapB.overflowC.flourishD.flutter【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项overlap“与重叠”；B选项 overflow“溢出，泛滥”；C选项flourish“繁荣，茂盛，茁壮成长”；D选项flutter“飘动，飞来飞去”。句意：如果你进入一个充满水的浴缸，水将会溢出到地板上。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题Whether their football team win is a matter of（ ）to me.问题1选项A.indifferenceB.discriminationC.deviationD.interests【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。A选项indifference“漠不关心”；B选项discrimination“歧视，区别”；C选项deviation“偏差，误差”；D选项interest“兴趣，爱好”。句意：他们的足球队是否能赢对我来说无关紧要。选项A符合语境。9. 单选题The system of exploitation of moon by man has been（ ） .问题1选项A.canceledB.abolishedC.refusedD.rejected【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项cancel“取消”；B选项abolish“废除，废止”；C选项refuse“拒绝”；D选项reject“拒绝，排斥”。句意：人类开发月球的系统已经被废除。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题We live in an unusual time with corporate downsizing, restructuring, and the increase in global competition. Some view these times as problematic, others see the incredible opportunities created by such change.In the last decade there has been a huge growth in home-based and service-industry businesses. These businesses have been started by individuals with the courage to pursue their dreams. Yet, for every idea that implemented, thousands of ideas never get beyond the conceptual stage from the imagination to a plan of action.What holds people back from pursuing their dreams and actions on their great ideas? I believe its fear of failure. Someone once said “there are a lot of ways to become a failure, but never taking a chance is the most successful way., Ive also heard it said that people dont plan to fail they fail to plan.Companies these days must be willing to and able to change constantly. Sometimes companies change course to survive, and sometimes they do so because an opportunity is too good to resist. I know of a small company that provided a messenger service several years ago. A sudden major increase in corporate use of fax machines nearly put this small company out of business. Fortunately, the owner of the company was astute enough to realize other global corporate trends happening at the same time. As those companies were acquiring fax machines, square footage of office space was decreasing, generating a need for more offsite space. The owner shifted gears from offering a messenger service to providing an offsite records storage service, and soon business was booming once again.It all comes down to perspective. When there was a downturn in the economy, some people could say to themselves, “This is terrible! With the downturn in the economy, no-body will have a budget for my services.” OR.while others thought, “This is great! With the tightening of the budget and the loss of support staff, theres an even greater need for executives, professionals, and entrepreneurs to be more productive and effective, which is precisely what Im here to help them do!”As important as positive mental attitude is. Stone says that “there is something more important than believing. Action! The world is full of dreamers, there arent enough who will move ahead and begin to take concrete steps to actualize their vision.”1.The main reason for an increase in businesses in the past ten years is（ ）.2.The most effective way of becoming a failure is（ ）.3.The author uses the example in Paragraph 4 to illustrate that（ ）.4.Which of the following is mainly expressed in the passage?问题1选项A.the increase in global competitionB.the incredible opportunities in the worldC.that individuals are courageous to take the riskD.that more people try to realize their goals问题2选项A.never pursuing a dreamB.never taking an opportunityC.never making a planD.never failing to plan问题3选项A.companies should make constant changes to meet the competition in order to survive.B.it all comes down to perspectiveC.an idea can be the root of great successD.economic success depends on changes问题4选项A.Perspective is enough to make progress.B.Failure is the mother of success.C.Actions speak louder than words.D.Positive mental attitude along with action can lead to success【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据关键词“in the past ten years”定位到第二段一二句“In the last decade there has been a huge growth in home-based and service-industry businesses. These businesses have been started by individuals with the courage to pursue their dreams. 在过去的十年里，以家庭为基础的商业和服务业有了巨大的增长。这些企业是由有勇气追求梦想的个人创办的。”也就是说，最主要的原因是：更多的人有勇气追求梦想，即试图实现他们的目标，所以选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第三段第三句“there are a lot of ways to become a failure, but never taking a chance is the most successful way失败的方式有很多，但从不抓住机会是最主要的方式。”选项B与原文表述一致，所以正确。3.判断推理题。根据第四段的内容可知，作者在此举例是为了说明第四段首句提出的观点“Companies these days must be willing to and able to change constantly. 如今的公司必须愿意并且能够不断地改变。”也就是说，为了生存，公司应该不断地做出改变以适应竞争。选项A符合原文。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知：与积极的精神状态同样重要的是行动! 世界充满了梦想家，但能勇往直前并付诸行动去实现自己梦想的人却不多。只有将积极的精神状态与行动结合才能取得成功。所以选项D为本文的主旨。11. 单选题If you（ ） your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.问题1选项A.conductB.dismissC.grantD.moderate【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conduct“组织”；B选项dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理会，不予考虑”；C选项grant“授予”；D选项moderate“节制，减轻”。句意：如果你不考虑自己的需求，你将会有更多的机会获得你想要的。选项B符合句意。12. 单选题A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of frozen precipitation. The formation of snow begins with these ice crystals in the subfreezing strata of the middle and upper atmosphere when there is an adequate supply of moisture present. At the core of every ice crystal is a minuscule nucleus, a solid particle of matter around which moisture condenses and freezes. Liquid water droplets floating in the upper atmosphere and free ice crystals cannot coexist within the same cloud, since the vapor pressure of ice is less than that of water. This enables the ice crystals to rob the liquid droplets of their moisture and grow continuously. The process can be very rapid, quickly creating sizable ice Crystals, some of which adhere to each other to create a cluster of ice crystals or a snowflake. Simple flakes possess a variety of beautiful forms, usually hexagonal, though the symmetrical shapes reproduced in most microscope photography of snowflakes are not usually found in actual snowfalls. Typically, snowflakes in actual snowfalls consist of broken fragments and clusters of adhering ice crystals.For a snowfall to continue, once it starts, there must be a constant inflow of moisture to supply the nuclei. This moisture is supplied by the passage of an airstream over a water surface and its subsequent lifting to higher regions of the atmosphere. The Pacific Ocean is the source of moisture for most snowfalls west of the Rocky Mountains, while the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean feed water vapor into the air currents over the central and eastern sections of the United States. Other geographical features also can be the source of moisture for some snowstorms. For example, areas adjacent to the Great Lakes experience their own addition, mountainous sections or rising terrain can initiate snowfalls by the geographical lifting of a moist airstream.1.What is at the center of an ice crystal?2.Which of the following statements is NOT true?3.If a snowfall continues some time since it begins, we can conclude that（ ）.4.How do lake-effect snowstorms form?问题1选项A.A small snowflake.B.A nucleus.C.A drop of water.D.A hexagon.问题2选项A.A minuscule nucleus is a kind of solid particle of matter.B.The free ice crystals can grow continuously.C.In actual snowfalls, we usually find that simple flakes possess symmetrical shapes.D.For a snowstorm, there must be an adequate source of moisture.问题3选项A.there is plenty of moisture.B.there must be a source of water nearby and the temperature will fall.C.the snowflake consists of broken fragments and clusters of adhering ice crystals.D.there are airstreams motions from over water surface to higher regions.问题4选项A.Water temperatures drop below freezing.B.Moisture rises from a lake into air streams.C.Large quantities of wet air come-off a nearby mountain.D.Millions of ice crystals form on the surface of a large lake【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“At the core of every ice crystal is a minuscule nucleus.每个冰晶的核心都有一个极小的核.”选项B正确。2.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Simple flakes possess a variety of beautiful forms, usually hexagonal, though the symmetrical shapes reproduced in most microscope photography of snowflakes are not usually found in actual snowfalls. 简单的雪花有各种美丽的形状，通常是六角形的，尽管雪花在大多数显微镜图像下再生的形状是对称的，但通常在实际的降雪过程中却不是这样的。”由此可知，选项C表述不正确。3.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“For a snowfall to continue, once it starts, there must be a constant inflow of moisture to supply the nuclei. This moisture is supplied by the passage of an airstream over a water surface and its subsequent lifting to higher regions of the atmosphere. 如果降雪持续不断，必须有源源不断的水分供应核。这种水分是由气流通过水面并随后上升到大气的较高区域提供的。”选项D符合原文。选项A中“plenty”不准确，应该是“constant”；选项B中的温度在文中没有涉及；选项C与题干无关；只有选项D正确，所以本题选D。4.细节事实题。根据上一题的分析“如果降雪持续不断，必须有源源不断的水分供应核。这种水分是由气流通过水面并随后上升到大气的较高区域提供的。”由此可知，选项B正确。13. 单选题Do you agree with the saying that the monkey was the（ ）of human race?问题1选项A.offspringB.successorC.breederD.predecessor【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。A选项offspring“后代，子孙”；B选项successor“继承者”；C选项breeder“饲养员，繁殖者”；D选项predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人类祖先的说法吗? 选项D符合句意。14. 单选题A building has two main structural functions. It must shelter people from the elements and it must transmit all loads safely to the ground. Loads are of two kinds, dead and live. Dead loads are those of the building itself. They vary in different parts of the building according to the heights and materials used.Engineers can easily calculate these loads, because they know the weights and positions of all the parts of the building. Live loads are the weights of the people and things in the building. Engineers have done research into live loadings and have produced statistics for all kinds of loads. They know, for example, that the normal floor loading of an office building is about 40 pounds for every square foot.In many countries, the greatest loadings allowed are stated in regulations. When authorities approve the design of a new building, they make sure that the building will safely take the loads stated. The calculations include a safety factor of three or fourthat is, the structure is three or four times as it needed be to avoid collapse. The extra strength allows for occasional overloading and for small heavy loads, such as an office safe. The extra strength also allows for deterioration of the structure.The architect must design the building to stand up to wind pressures. And in some countries such as Japan, the building must also withstand earthquakes. Earthquakes cause abnormal stresses in a buildings structure, especially at the joints between beams and columns.The main types of structure used to support building include load-bearing walls, frames and the shell structures. Architects may use space-frames and shells for large one-floored buildings, such as aircraft hangars, exhibition halls and swimming-pools. These structures can form wide-span roofs without any central support pillars. A space frame consists of a rigid network of metal girders. A shell may be of concrete or wood, forming a high arched roof. Many shell structures have beautiful geometrical shapes.1.An appropriate title for the above article should be（ ）.2.One of the main structural functions of a building is（ ）.3.The safety factor of a building must be（ ）.4.are the main types of structures used to support buildings（ ）.5.All the stresses are mentioned in the passage except（ ）.问题1选项A.The Methods of ConstructionB.The Contracting SystemC.The Principles of BuildingD.Constructing a Large Building问题2选项A.to provide shelter for people at nightB.to transmit all loads safely to the groundC.to stand up to wind pressureD.to serve as a kind decoration in the city问题3选项A.twice as strong as the wind pressure to avoid collapseB.three of four times as strong as it needed be to avoid collapseC.explained to the residents who live in the buildingD.reported to