2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第94期

2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题 Auctions are public sales of goods, conducted by an officially approved auctioneer. He asked the crowd to gather in the auction room to bid for various items on sale. He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. This is called “knocking down” the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform. The ancient Romans probably invented sales by auction and the English word comes from the Latin Autcio, meaning “increase”. The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called “sub hasta”, meaning “under the spear”, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold “by the candle”; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning. Practically all goods can be sold by auction. Among these are coffee, hides, skins, wool, tea, cocoa, furs, fruit, vegetables and wines. Auction sales are also usual for land and property, antique furniture, pictures, rare books, old china and works of art. The auction rooms at Christies and Sothebys in London and New York are world famous. An auction is usually advertised beforehand with full particulars of the articles to be sold and where and when they can be viewed by the buyers. If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a “lot”, is usually given a number. The auctioneer need not begin with lot one and continue the numerical order; he may wait until he notices the fact that certain buyers are in the room and then produce the lots they are likely to be interested in. The auctioneers services are paid for in the form of a percentage of the price the goods are sold for. The auctioneer therefore has a direct interest in pushing up the bidding.1. Auctioned goods are sold（ ）.2. The end of bidding is called “knocking down” because （ ）.3. In the sentence “The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war,” the word “spoils” most probably means（ ） .4. In England a candle used to burn at auction sales （ ）.5. An auction catalogue gives buyers （ ）.问题1选项A.at fixed pricesB.at prices lower than their true valueC.for the highest price offeredD.at prices offered by the auctioneer问题2选项A.the auctioneer knocks on the tableB.the goods are knocked down onto the tableC.the auctioneer bangs the table with a hammerD.the auctioneer names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods问题3选项A.useless goodsB.spearsC.various kinds of foodD.property taken from the enemy问题4选项A.to limit the time when offers of prices could be madeB.because the auction sales took place at nightC.as a signal for the crowd to gatherD.to keep the auction room warm问题5选项A.the current market values of the goodsB.the order in which goods are to be soldC.free admission to the auction saleD.details of the goods to be sold【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“He encourages buyers to bid higher figures and finally names the highest bidder as the buyer of the goods. 他鼓励买家出更高的价格，并最终将出价最高者称作商品的买主。”由此可知答案选C。2.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段“This is called knocking down the goods, for the bidding ends when the auctioneer bangs a small hammer on a raised platform. 这被称为击倒货物，当拍卖人在一个凸起的台子上敲击小锤子时，竞拍就结束了。”由此可知答案选C。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段“The Romans usually sold in this way the spoils taken in war; these sales were called sub hasta, meaning under the spear, a spear being stuck in the ground as a signal for a crowd to gather. 罗马人通常以这种方式出售战争中的战利品；这些销售被称为sub hasta，意思是在长矛下，一根长矛被卡在地上，作为一种信号，让人群聚集起来。”由此可知答案选D。4.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段“In England in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries goods were often sold by the candle; a short candle was lit by the auctioneer and bids could be made while it was burning. 在18世纪和19世纪的英国，商品经常被以烧蜡烛定时限出售；拍卖师点燃了一支短蜡烛，在燃烧的时候可以进行投标。”由此可知答案选A。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章最后一段“If the advertisement cannot give full details, catalogues are printed, and each group of goods to be sold together, called a lot, is usually given a number. 如果广告不能提供完整的细节，商品目录就会被打印出来，并且每一组被称为“批次”的商品，通常会被给出一个数字。”由此可推知，目录提供了货物的详情，故答案选D。2. 单选题The Gymnasium was（ ） by April 2014, but now the wall was still nowhere in sight.问题1选项A.to be completedB.to completeC.to have completedD.to have been completed【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是非谓语动词不定式的用法。选项A是不定式结构的被动形式，表示被动或是逻辑上的动宾关系。选项B是不定式的一般式，和句中的主语形成逻辑上的动宾关系。选项C是不定式的完成式，表示动作已经发生。选项D表示不定式的完成式，并且含有被动语态，表示动宾关系兼完成状态。分析文章语义“体育馆2014年4月建成”了，选项D为最佳答案。3. 单选题His friends reminiscences on the civil war were a （ ）excitement to the 80-year-old veteran.问题1选项A.continuousB.continualC.continuingD.continuum【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项continuous“持续不断的”；B选项continual“持续的，频繁的”；C选项continuing 是动词continue “继续；持续”的现在分词；D选项continuum是名词“统一体；连续体”。缺定语修饰a excitement“令人兴奋的一件事”，故continuous“持续不断的”最符合，句意为：朋友们对南北战争的回忆让这位80岁的老兵兴奋不已。4. 单选题 Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than other of their kind. This natural biological process is called adaptation. Among the superior characteristics developed through adaptation are those that my help in getting food or shelter, in providing protection, and in producing and protecting the young. That results in the evolution of more and more organisms that are better fitted to their environments. Each living thing is adapted to its way of life in a general way, but each is adapted especially to its own distinct class. A plant, for example, depends upon its roots to fix itself firmly and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals. It depends upon its green leaves for using the suns energy to make food from inorganic chemicals. These are general adaptation, common to most plants. In addition, there are special adaptations that only certain kinds of plants have. Many animals have adaptations that help them escape from their enemies. Some insects are hidden by their body color or shape, and many look like a leaf or a little branch. The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. Many animals have the ability to remain completely still when an enemy is near. Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics; in their development and production of the young; and in other respects. An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. Usually adaptations are an advantage, but sometimes an organism is so well adapted to a particular environment that, if conditions change, it finds it difficult or impossible to readapt to the new conditions.1. Some plants and animals develop superior characteristics so that they may（ ）.2. In the first paragraph, the word “environments” could best be replaced by（ ）.3. It can be inferred from this passage that the feathers of a bird are colored（ ）.4. Which of the following is not directly mentioned?5. The author cites the behavior of warm-blooded mammals in order to illustrate which of the following?问题1选项A.help others of their kind get food, shelter and other things neededB.survive even in extremely severe conditionsC.become better adapted to the environments than others of their kindD.result in the evolution and production of more intelligent organisms问题2选项A.contextsB.surroundingsC.neighborsD.enemies问题3选项A.to frightened its enemiesB.to attract its enemiesC.to adjust its body heatD.to match its environment问题4选项A.A living thing may adapt in its structure.B.An organism may adapt in its function.C.A living creature may adapt in its genetic makeup.D.A living organism may adapt in its sleeping habit.问题5选项A.A living thing may have the ability to create an environment of its own.B.A living creature may have the ability to remain still when an enemy is near.C.A living creature may have the ability to make food from its inorganic chemicals.D.A living creature may have the ability to change the color of its skin.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第一段第一句话“Certain animals and plants develop characteristics that help them cope with their environment better than other of their kind. 某些动植物发展出来一些特征，帮助它们比其他同类更好的适应环境。”可以推断出本题正确答案选C。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】语义推测题。选项A“环境；上下文语境”；选项B“环境；周围的事物”；选项C“邻居”；选项D“敌人”。单词所在的句子是第一段第一句和最后一句。根据上题的分析，environments应该指的是周围的事物所形成的环境。故正确答案选B。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章第二段倒数第二句话“The coats of deer are colored to mix with the surroundings. 鹿的皮毛颜色发生变化是因为要融入环境。”这句话是对本段第一句主旨句的举例论证，由此推断，动物的皮毛颜色发生变化是为了融入环境和适应环境。选项D更符合文章意思。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第三段前面两句话“Organisms have a great variety of ways of adapting. They may adapt in their structure, function, and genetics 有机体有许多适应方式，它们也许在结构上，功能上和遗传方面适应”由这句话可知选项A、B和C都是动物改变自我适应环境的方式。选项D在文章中没有提到。故正确答案选D。5.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节推断题。定位到文章最后一段“An organism may create its own environment, as do warm-blooded mammals, which have the ability to adjust body heat exactly to maintain their ideal temperature despite changing weather. 有机体可以创造自身的环境，就像恒温的哺乳动物一样，尽管天气变化，它们也能调节自己的体温。”由此可知作者引用恒温哺乳动物保持体温的行为是为了说明它们能够创造自身的环境。故正确答案选A。5. 单选题When Sarah and I （ ） on an article for the school newspaper, we found it difficult to work together.问题1选项A.compiledB.gatheredC.collaboratedD.collected【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项compile“编辑”；B选项gather“聚集、收集”；C选项collaborate“合作、协作”；D选项collect“收集、收藏”，从句中关键词“work together一起工作”可联系到collaborate“合作、协作”，句意为：当莎拉和我为校报合作写一篇文章时，我们发现一起工作是很困难的。故正确答案选C。6. 单选题Looking at the photo, it suddenly （ ）on him that he had met the wanted man somewhere.问题1选项A.dawnedB.occurredC.happenedD.known【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。A选项dawn“破晓；出现；被领悟”；B选项occur“发生，出现”；C选项happen“发生，碰巧”；D选项know“了解，熟悉”。dawn on sb“（事物）变得令人明白”；occur to sb“（主意或想法突然）浮现于脑中，被想起，被想到”，句意为：看着照片，他突然想到，他在哪个地方遇到过这个通缉犯。故正确答案选A。7. 单选题He uses color, light and form quite differently from the conventional style of his（ ） .问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.successorsD.ancestors【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项descendant“子孙，后裔”；B选项predecessor“前任，前辈”；C选项successor“后继者，继承人”；D选项ancestor“祖宗，祖先”，分析空格前后的句子成分，是一个所有格短语，充当介词from的宾语，意思可以理解为“前辈的传统表达方式”，句意为：他在色彩、光线和形式方面，做法完全不同于他前辈的传统方式。故正确答案选B。8. 单选题He （ ）his head, wondering how to solve the problem.问题1选项A.scratchedB.screwedC.scrapedD.scrapped【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项scratch“（用手）挠头”；B选项screw“用（螺丝钉）钉住”；C选项scrape“刮，擦”；D选项scrap“抛弃，废弃”，根据空格后面作宾语的关键词“head头”，可知这里填入的单词要符合句子语境意思“想着怎么解决这个问题”，故空格单词意思应该为“（用手）挠头”，句意为：他抓了抓头，想着怎么解决这个问题。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题He came all the way to China for promoting friendship （ ）for making money.问题1选项A.other thanB.better thanC.more thanD.rather than【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词组搭配。A选项other than“除了，不同于”；B选项better than“比更好”；C选项more than“比多”；D选项rather than“而不是，宁可”。空格部分要填入一个短语连接前后短语形成对比，前面的意思是“for promoting friendship为了增进友谊”和后面“for making money为了赚钱”表示不同的目的，句意为：他一路跋涉来到中国是为了友谊而不是赚钱。故这里选项D符合题意。10. 单选题With technological changes, many traditional skills have become（ ）.问题1选项A.isolatedB.absoluteC.obsoleteD.obsessive【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项isolated“孤立的；孤独的；单独的”；B选项absolute“完全的；绝对的”；C选项obsolete“淘汰的，过时的”；D选项obsessive“痴迷的，迷恋的；过度的”。填入形容词做表语，说明traditional skills“传统技艺”，由关键信息technological changes可知obsolete“淘汰的，过时的”符合题意，句意为：随着技术的进步，许多传统技艺已经过时了。故答案选C。11. 单选题As an independent citizen, he sees no obligation to open himself to further（ ）.问题1选项A.screechB.scrutinyC.scrubD.scrap【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项screech“尖叫声”；B选项scrutiny“详细审查，监视”；C选项scrub“矮树，洗擦”；D选项scrap“碎片，残余物”。根据关键词“independent citizen独立公民”和动词“open公开，打开”，可知空格部分单词意思“审查，检查”，句意为：作为一个独立的公民，他认为没有义务进一步让自己接受审查。选项B与之意思相近。12. 单选题 Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increase, more and more colonists built fine house. Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books. Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of brick in housed and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained that most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in closely packed Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick house. Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were mad of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled. White paint began to take the place of blues, yellows, greens, and lead colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. What was one of the main reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century North America?3. According to the passage, who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth-century North America?4. The passage implies that the rules outlined in architectural manuals were（ ）.5. What does the author imply about the use of wallpaper before 1730?问题1选项A.The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses.B.A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses.C.The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses.D.The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses.问题2选项A.More architects arrived in the colonies.B.The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture.C.Bricks were more readily available.D.The colonists had more money to spend on housing.问题3选项A.Professional architectsB.CustomersC.Interior decoratorsD.Carpenters问题4选项A.generally ignoredB.legally bindingC.not strictly adhered toD.only followed by older builders问题5选项A.Wallpaper samples appeared in the architectural manuals.B.Wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints used.C.Patterned wallpaper was not widely used.D.Wallpaper was not used in stone house.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。定位到文章第一段中第二句“During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. ”这句转折性的话语，提出了本文主要讨论的问题是“18世纪殖民地房屋设计的改进”。故正确答案选A。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世纪发生变化，根据第一段最后一句提到“As wealth increase, more and more colonies built fine houses 随着财富的增加，越来越多的殖民者建造比较精美的房屋”，由此可知，因为殖民者的财富增加，他们可以花更多的钱在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑风格发生了一定的变化。故正确答案选D。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段第一句“Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. 由于建筑在殖民地还不是一项专门的职业，房屋设计或者由业余设计师来做，或者由那些承担从英国进口的建筑手册的翻译任务的木匠来做。”由此可知，18世纪的房屋设计主要由木匠来负责。选项D为正确答案。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句话“Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books. 然而18世纪的70年代前大多数家庭建筑都展现了品味上广泛的不同，以及这些书中的规则在运用上的自由。”这里的“these books”指的就是本段第一句中的“architectural manuals建筑手册”，由此可知，这些建筑手册上的记载的规则并没有被严格遵守，而是自由地运用。故正确答案选C。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第四段最后一句“After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers. 大概在1730年后，殖民地报纸上开始出现风景画形式的壁纸风格广告”，由此推断，在此之前，风景画式的壁纸还没有广泛使用。故正确答案选C。13. 单选题For his poor job achievements, his boss complained that he hadnt （ ）his responsibilities.问题1选项A.lived up toB.put up withC.looked forward toD.gone in for【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查词组辨析。A选项live up to“不辜负，做到”；B选项put up with“忍受，容忍”；C选项look forward to“期望，期待”；D选项go in for“参加，从事，追求”。根据关键词“poor job achievements差劲的工作表现”和“responsibilities职责”，可知空格单词意思为“做到，完成”，句意为：对他差劲的工作表现，他的老板抱怨说他没有尽到职责。故和选项A意思接近。14. 单选题 Perhaps the most striking quality of satiric literature is its freshness, its originality of perspective. Satire rarely offers original ideas. Instead, it presents the familiar in a new form. Satirists do not offer the world new philosophies. What they do is to look at familiar conditions form a perspective that makes these conditions seem foolish, harmful or affected. Satire jars us out of complacence into a pleasantly shocked realization that many of the values we unquestioningly accept are false. Don Quixote makes chivalry seem absurd; Brave New World ridicules the pretensions of science; A Modest proposal dramatized starvation by advocating cannibalism. None of these ideas is original. Chivalry was suspect before Cervantes, humanists objected to the claims of pure science before Aldous Huxley and people were aware of famine before Swift. It was not the originality of the ideas that made these satires popular. It was the manner of expression, the satiric method that made them interesting and entertaining. Satires are read because they are aesthetically satisfying works of art, not because they are morally wholesome or ethically instructive. They are stimulating and refreshing because with commonsense briskness they brush away illusions and secondhand opinions. With spontaneous irreverence, satire rearranges perspectives, scrambles familiar objects into incongruous combination and speaks in a personal idiom instead of abstract platitude. Satire exists because there is need for it. It has lived because readers appreciate a refreshing stimulus, an irreverent reminder that they lived in a world of platitudinous thinking, cheap moralizing, and foolish philosophy. Satire serves to prod people into an awareness of truth, though rarely to any action on behalf of truth. Satire tends to remind people that much of what they see, hear, and read in popular media is sanctimonious, sentimental, and only partially true. Life resembles in only a slight degree the popular image of it. Soldiers rarely hold the ideals that movies attribute to them, nor do ordinary citizens devote their lives to unselfish service of human