初高中英语衔接教材

句子成分及结构 一：句子成分由词或词组充当，英语的基本成分有七种主语 S subject )、谓语(predicate )、宾语(object )、表语(predicative )、 定语(attribute )、状语(adverbial) ,补语(complement)。(1) .主语S主语(Subject)是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名 词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 名词often speak English in class. 代词of the students in this class are girls.数词swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式does harm to the health. 动名词rich should help the poor.名词化的形容词we are going to have an English test has not been decided.主语从句is necessary to master a foreign language 。 it 为形式主语，不定式为真正的主 语(2) .谓语(V)谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten o clock.2、复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。(3)表语 (P)表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、 副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如：teacher of English is an American.(名词)it yours ?（代词）weather has turned cold .（形容词） speech is exdting.（分词）times seven is twenty one ?（数词） job is to teach English .（不定式） hobby is playing football .（动名词） meeting is of great importance .（介词短语） is up. The class isover.（副词）truth is that he has never been abroad .（表语从句） 注意：系动词（Linking verb）用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身 份等。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有 be一词，例如：He is a teacher.2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep, remain, stay, stand,例如：He always keep silent at meeting.?3）感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如： This kind of cloth feels very soft.4）变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He becamemad after that.?除止匕之外， 还有 prove, turn out, appear, seem 等。 The rumor proved false.His plan turned out a success。（4）宾语（O）宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如： visited an exhibition yesterday.名词 heavy rain prevented mefrom coming to school on time. 代词，动名词 many dictionaries do you have? I have five. 名词，数词 helped the old with their housework yesterday.名词化形容词，名词pretended not to see me. 不定式 enjoy listening to popular music. 动名词 think （that ） he is fit for his office.宾语从句宾语种类： 1）双宾语（间接宾语 O+ft接宾语O）Lend me your dictionary , please.He gave me a book yesterday.2）复合宾语（宾语。锭补C）1. They elected him their monitor . 名词painted their boat white . 形容词the fresh air in. 介词mustn t force him to lend his money to you. 不定式saw her entering the room. 动名词found everything in the lab in good order.介词短语will soon make our city what your city is now. 从旬以上几种是句子的必要成分，不可缺少，否则句子意义就不完整。句子除了必要 成分外，还可以有定语，状语，同位语和插入语。（5）定语修饰，限制，描述或补充说明名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语（Attribute）is a beautiful city.（形容词）is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）are thirty womenteachers in our school. （名词） _rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）monitor is always the first to enter the classroom .（不定式短语） teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）is reading an article about how to learn English .（介词短语）who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons.（定语从句）（6）状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。从情况 ，时 问，处所，方式，条件，对象，肯定，否定，范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限 制，状语一般由副词充当，也可由名词，介词短语，非谓语动词，从句等充当。travels most quickly.副词及副词性短语has lived in the city for ten years.介词短语is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式is in the room making a model plane.分词短语a minute. 名词you begin , you must continue.状语从句9种状语种类如下：1. How about meeting again at six ? 时间night she didn t go to the dance party because of the rain . 原因 shall go there if it doesn t rain . 条件Smith lives on the third floor . 地点put the eggs into the basket with great care . 方式5. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. 伴随order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目 的was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 结果works very hard though she is 01d. 让步am taller than he is . 比较同位语（Appositive ）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、 代词或从句担任，如：This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.Westudents should study hard.Weall are students.（8）插入语（Parenthesis ）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有 to be honest , I think （suppose, believe-） 等，如：To be frank, I don t quite agree with you.二：英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。1: S V（主 + 谓）2: SVP（主+系+表）3: SVO（主+谓+宾）4: SVoO （主+谓+问宾+直宾）5: SVOC （主+谓+宾+宾补）基本句型一：S | V （不及物动词）1. The sun | rose.2. Who | cares?3. What he said | does not matter.4. They | talked for half an hour.5. The pen | writes smoothly此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。基本句型二：S | V （是系动词）| P （表语）1. This | is | an English -Chinese dictionary.2. The dinner | smells | good.3. He I fell | in love.4. Everything | looks | different.5. He | is growing | tall and strong.6. Our well | has gone | dry.7. His face | turned | red.基本句型三：S V o （主+谓+宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词 都具有实义,都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达 完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做 及物动词。s | V （及物动词）I O （宾语）1. Who | knows | the answer?2. He I has refused | to help them.3. He | enjoys | reading.4. He | said | Good morning.5. He | admits | that he was mistaken.基本句型 四：SV O O （主+谓+间宾+直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语。这两个宾语通常一个指人（问接宾语）；一个指物（直接宾语）。S | V （及物）I O （多指人）I O （多指物）I ordered | herself | a new dress.2. He I brought | you | a dictionary.3. I | showed | him | my pictures.4. I | told | him | that the bus was late.5. He | showed | me | how to run the machine.基本句型五：S V O C （主+谓+宾+宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完 整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。s | V （及物）I O （宾语）| C （宾补）1. They | painted | the door | green.2. This | set | them | thinking.3. They | found | the house | deserted.4. He | asked | me | to come back soon.5. I | saw | them | getting on the bus.三：Practice makes perfect.（一）选择句子结构a,SVb , SVP c, SV Od,SVo O e , S VO C1. Please tell us a2. She3. I have a lot work to4. His job is to train5. He noticed a man enter the6. Please look at the（二）.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting together early in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managed to finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. He found itjmportant to master English.14. Do you have anything else to say?15. To be honest , your pronunciation is not so good.16. Would you please tell me your address?17. He sat there , reading a newspaper.18. Itjs our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.19. He noticed a man enter the room.20. The apples tasted sweet（三）翻译下列句子主谓结构（主语 +不及物动词 ）1 .你应当努力学习。2 .她昨天回家很晚。3 .那天早上我们谈了很多。4 .会议将持续两个小时。5 .在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。主谓宾结构 （主语 +及物动词 +宾语 ）1 .昨晚我写了一封信。2 .今天下午我想同你谈谈。3 .这本书他读过多次了。4 .他们成功地完成了计划。5 .那位先生能流利地说三种语言。主系表结构 （主语 +系动词+表语）1 .我的兄弟都是大学生。2 .冬季白天短，夜晚长。3 .孩子们，请保持安静。4 .树叶已经变黄了。5 .这个报告听起来很有意思。双宾语结构 （主语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）1 Johnson先生去年教我们德语。2 .奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。3 . Mary把钱包交给校长了。4 . Robinson Crusoe给自己做了一只小船。5 .我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？复合宾语结构（主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）1 .我们叫她Alice.2 .我们大家都认为他是诚实的。3 .我们要使学校变得更美丽。4 .每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。5 .我们不会让她在晚上外出的。There be 句型1 .今晚没有会。2 .这个村子过去只有一口井。3这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师4 .灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。5 .恰好那时房里没人。初中英语语法一.名词I.名词的种类：专有名词普通名词国名地名人名，团 体机构名称可数名词/、口数名词个体名词集体名词抽象名词物质名词Beijing, China gunfamilyworkairII.名词的数：1.规则名词的复数形式：名词的复数形式，一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。现将构成方法与读音规则列表如下：规则例词1一般情况在词尾加-smap-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days2以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-esclass-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes3以-f或-fe结尾 的词变-f和-fe为v再加-esleaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves加-schief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs4以车仔音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-esparty-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities5以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专 有名词以y结尾的，加-stoy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys6以轴音 字母加 -o结尾 的名词一M 加-esNegro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes不少外来词加-spiano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos两者皆可zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos7以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-sradio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos8以-th结尾的名词加-struth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,2.不规则名词复数：英语里有些名词的复数形式是不规则的，现归纳如下:规则例词1改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice2单复数相同sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin,3只有复数形式trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,4一些集体名词总是用作复数people, police5部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体） 也可以作复数（成员）class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party6复数形式表示特别含义customs（海关），times（时代），spirits（ 情绪），drinks（饮料），sands（沙滩）,papers（文 件报纸），looks（外表），brains（ 头脑智力）， greens（青菜）7表示“某 国 人”加-sAmericans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans单复数同形Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese以-man或-woma吆吉尾的改 为-men,-womenEnglishmen, Frenchwomen8合成 名词将主体名词义为复数sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches将两部分变为复数women singers, men servantsIII.名词的所有格：名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。所有格分两种：一是名词词尾 加s构成，二是由介词of加名词构成。前者多表示有生命的东西，后者多表示无生 命的东西。1. s所有格的构成：单数名词在末尾加sthe boy s father, Jack s book, her son-in- law s photo,一般在末尾加the teachers room, the twins mother,复数名词不规则复数名词后 加Sthe children s toys, women s rights,以s结尾的人名所有格加S或 者，Dickens novels, Charles s job, the Smiths house表示各自的所有关系时，各名词末 尾均须加SJapan s and America s problems, Jane s and Mary s bikes表示共有的所有关系时在最后一 词末加SJapan and America s problems, Jane and Mary s father表示“某人家M M店铺M ,所有 格后名词省略the doctor s, the barber s, the tailor s, my uncle s2. s所有格的用法:1表示时间today s newspaper, five weeks holiday2表示自然现象the earth s atmosphere, the tree s branches3表小国家城巾等地方 的名词the country s plan, the world s population, China s industry4表示工作群体the ship s crew, majority s view, the team s victory5表示度量衡及价值a mile s journey, five dollars worth of apples6与人类活动有特殊关 系的名词the life s time, the play s plot7某些固定词组a bird s eye view, a stone s throw, at one s wit s end（不知所措）3. of所有格的用法：用于无生命的东西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book用于有生命的东西，尤其是有较长定语时：the classrooms of the first-yearstudents用于名词化的词：the struggle of the oppressed二.冠词冠词分为不定冠词（a, an ）,定冠词（the）,和零冠词。I.不定冠词的用法:1类人或事，相当于a kindofA plane is a machine that can fly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指A boy is waiting for you.3表小每,相当于 every ,oneWe study eight hours a day.4表不 相同 相 ST the sameWe are nearly of an age.5用于人名前，表示不认识此人 或匕某名人后类似性质的人或 事A Mr. Smith came to visit you when you were outThat boy is rather a Lei Feng.6用于固定词组中A couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time7用于 quite, rather, many, half, what, such 之后This room is rather a big one.8用于 so(as, too, how)+ 形容词之后She is as clever a girl as you can wish to meet.II.定冠词的用法:1表示某一类人或物The horse is a useful animal.2用于世上独一无二的事物名词前the universe, the moon, the PacificOcean3表示说话双方都了解的或上文提到过 的人或事Would you mind opening the door?4用于乐器前面play the violin, play the guitar5用于形容词和分词前表十类人the reach, the living, the wounded6表示“一家人”或“夫妇”the Greens, the Wangs7用于序数词和形容词副词比较级最高 级前He is the taller of the two children.8用于国家党派等以及江河湖海，山川the United States, the Communist Party群岛的名词前of China, the French9用于表示发明物的单数名词前The compass was invented in China.10在逢十的复数数词之前，Aftt纪的某 个年代in the 1990 s11用于表示单位的名词前I hired the car by the hour.12用于方位名词，身体部位名词，及表 示时间的词组前He patted me on the shoulder.III.零冠词的用法：1专有名词，物质名词，抽象名词，人 名地名等名词前Beijing University, Jack, China, love, air2名词前后 this, my, whose, some, no, each, every 等限制I want this book, not that one. / Whose purse is this?3季节，月份，星期，节假日，一日三 餐前March, Sunday, National Day, spring4表示职位，身份，头衔的名词前Lincoln was madePresident of America.5学科，谛言，球类，棋类名词前He likes playing football/chess.6与by连用表示交通工具的名词前by train, by air, by land7以and连接的两个相对的名词并用时husband and wife, knife and fork, day and night8表示泛指的复数名词前Horses are useful animals.三.代词：I.代t可可以分为以下七大类：1人称 代词主格I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they宾格me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them2代词形容词 性my, your, his, her, its, our, their名词性mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs3反身代词myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves4指示代词this, that, these, those, such, some5疑问代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever6关系代词that, which, who, whom, whose, as7不定代词one/ some/ any, each/ every, none/ no, many/ much, few/ little/ a few/ a little,other/ another, all/ both, neither/ eitherII.不定代词用法注意点：1. one, some 与 any:1) one可以泛指任何人，也可特指，复数为 ones。some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑 问句和否定句。One should learn to think of others.Have you any bookmarks? No, I don t have any bookmarks.I have some questions to ask.2) some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Would you like some bananas?Could you give me some money?3) some和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine.Please correct the mistakes, if any.4) some和数词连用表示“大约”，any可与比较级连用表示程度。There are some 3,000 students in this school.Do you feel any better today?2. each 和 every:each强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而 every强调整体，所指的数必须 是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary. / Each (of us) has a dictionary. / Weeach have a dictionary.Every student has strong and weak points. / Every one of us has strong and weak points.3. none 和 no：no等于not any ,作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替 可数名词，谓语单复数皆可以。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is) afraid of difficulties.4. other 和 another:1) other 泛指“另外的，另1J的”常与其他词连用，如： the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way,the other 特指两者中的另外一个，复数为 the others 。如： He held a book in one hand and his notes in the other.Two students in our class failed, but all the others passed the exam.2) another指“又一个，另一个”无所指，复数形式是others ,泛指“别的人或事”如：I don t like this shirt, please show me another (one).The trousers are too long, please give me another pair / some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.5. all 和 both, neither 和 eitherall表示不可数名词时，其谓语动词用单数。both和all加否定词表示部分否定，全部否定用neither 和none.All of the books are not written in English. / Not all of the books are written in English.Both of us are not teachers. / Not both of us are teachers. / Either of us isa teacher.四.形容词和副词I.形容词：1.形容词的位置：1)形容词作定语通常前置，但在下列情况后置：1修饰 some, any, every, no 和 body, thing, one等构成的复合不定代词时nobody absent, everything possible2以-able, -ible结尾的形谷诃可置于有最局级或only修饰的名词之后the best book available, the only solution possible3alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可 以后置the only person awake4和空间、时间、单位连用时a bridge 50 meters long5成对的形容记!可以后置a huge room simple and beautiful6形容词短语一般后置a man difficult to get on with2）多个形容词修饰同一个名词的顺序:代词数词性状形容词冠词 前的 形容 词冠词 指示代词 不定代词 代词所有 格序数 词基数 词性质 状态大小形状新旧 温度颜色国籍材料 质地名 词all both suchthe a this another yoursecon d nextonefourbeautif ulgood poorlarge shortsquarenew coolblack yellowChines eLondonsilkston e3）复合形容词的构成:1形容词+名词+edkind-hearted6名词+形容词world-famous2形容词+形容词dark-blue7名词+现在分词peace-loving3形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking8名词+过去分词snow-covered4副词+现在分词hard-working9数词+名词+edthree-egged5副词+过去分词newly-built10数词+名词twenty-yearII.副词副词的分类:1时间副 词soon, now, early, finally, once, recently5频度副 词always, often, frequently, seldom, never2地点副 词here, nearby, outside, upwards, above6疑问副 词how, where, when, why3方式副 词hard, well, fast, slowly, excitedly, really7连接副 词how, when, where, why, whether, however, meanwhile4程度副 词almost, nearly, very, fairly, quite, rather8关系副 词when, where, whyIII.形容词和副词比较等级:形容词和副词的比较等级分为原级，比较级和最高级。比较级和最高级的构成一般是 在形容词和副词后加-er和-est ,多音节和一些双音节词前加 more和most。1 . 同级比较时常常用 asas以及 not so(as)as如：I amnot so good a player as you are.2 .可以修饰比较级的词有：much, many, a lot, even, far, a bit, a little, still,yet, by far, any, a great deal 。3 .表示一方随另一方变化时用“ the more - the more”句型。如：The harder you work, the more progress you will make.4 . 用比较级来表达最高级的意思。 如： I have never spent a more worrying day.5 .表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：Our school is three times larger than yours./Our school is four times as large as yours./Our school is four times the size of yours.6 .表示“最高程度的形容词没有最高级和比较级。如： favourite, excellent, extreme, perfect 。五.介词I.介词分类:1简单介词about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on2合成介词inside, into, onto, out of, outside, throughout, upon, within, without3短语介词according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to4双重介词from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between5分词转化成的介 词considering(就而论)，including6形容词转化成的 介词like, unlike, near, next, oppositeII.常用介词区别:1表示时间的in, on, atat表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有 关2表示时间的since, fromsince指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from 指从时间的某一点开始3表示时间的in, afterin指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用 在过去时的一段时间中4表示地理位置的in,on, toin表小在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围 之外5表示“在上”的on, inon只表小在某物的表面上，in表小占去某物一部分6表示“穿过”的through, acrossthrough表小从内部通过，与in有关，across表小在表面 上通过，与on启美7表示“关于”的about, onabout指涉及到，on指专门论述8between 与 among的区别between表小在两者之|可,among用于二者或三者以上的中 问9besides 与 except 的 区别besides指“除J还后再加上, except指“除J ,减去 什么”，不放在句首10表示“用”的in,withwith表不具体的工具，in表小材料，方式，力法,度量， 单位，语言，声音11as与like的区别as意为 作为，以一地位或身份，like为 象一 样”，指情形相似12in与into 区别in通常表小位直（静态）,into 表小动向，/、表小目的地 或位置六.动词I.动词的时态:1.动词的时态一共有16种，以ask为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下:现在时过去时将来时过去将来时ask / asksaskedshall/will askshould/would ask进行am/is/are askingwas/were askingshall/will be askingshould/would be asking完成have/has askedhad askedshall/will haveaskedshould/would have asked完成进 行have/has been askinghad been askingshall/will have been askingshould/would have been asking2.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:1）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状况，但和现在有联系，强调的是对现 在造成的影响或结果，它不能同表示过去的时间状语连用，汉译英时可加“已经”等 词。简言之，利用过去，说明现在。如：I have already read the novel written by the world-famous writer.（已经看过,且了解这本书的内容）2 ） 一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，和现在无关，它可和表示过去的时间 状语连用，汉译英时可加“过”，“了”等词。简言之，仅谈过去，不关现在。如： I read the novel last month.（只说明上个月看了，不涉及现在是否记住 ）I lived in Beijing for ten years.（只说明在北京住过十年，与现在无关）3 .现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别：两者都可以表示“从过去开始一直持续到现在”，在含义上如着重表示动作的结果 时，多用现在完成时，如着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性时，则多用现在 完成进行时。一般不能用于进行时的动词也不能用于现在完成进行时。I have read that book.我读过那本书了。I have been reading that book all the morning.我早上一直在读那本书。4 . 一般将来时的表达方式：将来时用法例句1will/shall+ 动词原形表小将来发生的动作或存在的状态My sister will be ten next year.2be going to+ 动词原形含有“打算，计划，即将”做某 事，或表小很有口能要发生某事It s going to clear up. We re going to have a party tonight.3be + doing 进行时表示将来go, come, start, move, leave, arrive等词可用进行时表小按计划 即将发生的动作He is moving to the south. Are they leaving for Europe?4be about to + 动词原形表示安排或计划中的马上就要发生 的动作，后面一般不跟时间状语I was about to leave when the bell rang.The meeting is about to close.5be to +动词原形表小按计划进行或征求对方意见We re to meet at the school gate at noon.6一般现在时表示 将来时刻表上或日程安排上早就定好的 事情，可用一般现在时表示将来The meeting starts at five o clock.The plane leaves at ten this evening.II.动词的被动语态: