2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第87期

2022年考博英语-西南政法大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Lacking（ ）political goals, the two parties quarreled.问题1选项A.intricateB.coherentC.intrinsicD.distinct【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项intricate“复杂的”；B选项coherent“连贯的，一致的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，固有的”；D选项distinct“明显的，独特的”。句意：由于缺乏一致的政治目标，两党发生了争吵。选项B更符合语境。2. 单选题Despite their good service; most inns are less costly than hotels of（ ） standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】形容词辨析题。A选项equivalent“相等的”；B选项alike“相似的”；C选项uniform“统一的”；D选项likely“可能的”。句意：尽管他们的服务好；但相对于同等标准的旅馆来说，大多数旅馆都更便宜。选项A符合句意。3. 单选题The University in Transformation, edited by Australian futurism Sohaii Inayatullah and Jennifer Gidley, presents some 20 highly varied outlooks on tomorrows universities by writers representing both Western and non一Western perspectives. Their essays raise a broad range of issues, questioning nearly every key assumption we have about higher education today.The most widely discussed alternative to the traditional campus is the Internet University-a voluntary community to scholars/teachers physically scattered throughout a country or around the world but all linked in cyberspace. A computerized university could have many advantages, such as easy scheduling, efficient delivery of lectures to thousands or even millions of students at once, and ready access for students everywhere to the resources of all the worlds great libraries.Yet the Internet University poses dangers, too. For example, a line of franchised courseware, produced by a few superstar teachers, marketed under the brand name of a famous institution, and heavily advertised, might eventually come to dominate the global education marked, warns sociology professor Peter Manicas of the University of Hawaii at Manoa. Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work, note Australian communications professors David Rooney and Greg Hearn.On the other hand, while global connectivity seems highly likely to play some significant role in future higher education, that does not mean greater uniformity in course content -or other dangerswill necessarily follow. Counter-movements are also at work.Many in academia, including scholars contributing to this volume, are questioning the fundamental mission of university education. What if for instance, instead of receiving primarily technical training and building their individual careers, university students and professors could focus their learning and research efforts on existing problems in their local communities and the world? Feminist scholar Ivana Milojevic dares to dream what a university might become “if we believed that child-care workers and teachers in early childhood education should be one of the highest (rather than lowest) paid professionals?”Co-editor Jennifer Gidley shows how tomorrow s university faculty, instead of giving lectures and conducting independent research, may take on three new roles. Some would act as brokers, assembling customized degree-credit programmes for individual students by mixing and matching the best course offerings available from institutions all around the world. A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. This would require them to constantly be learning from their students as well as instructing them.A third new role for faculty, and in Gidleys view the most challenging and rewarding of all, would be as meaning-makers: charismatic sages and practitioners leading groups of students/colleagues in collaborative efforts to find spiritual as well as rational and technological solutions to specific real-world problems.Moreover, there seems title reason to suppose that any one form of university must necessarily drive out all other options. Students may be enrolled in courses offered at virtual campuses on the Internet, between-or even during- sessions at a real-world problem-focused institution.As co-editor Sohail Inayatullah points out in his introduction, no future is inevitable, and the very act of imagining and thinking through alternative possibilities can directly affect how thoughtfully, creatively and urgently even a dominant technology is adapted and applied. Even in academia, the future belongs to those who care enough to work their visions into practical, sustainable realities.1.When the book reviewer discusses the Internet University,（ ）.2.Which of the following is NOT seen as a potential of the Internet University?3.According to the review, what is the fundamental mission of traditional university education?4.Judging from the three new roles envisioned for tomorrows university faculty, university teachers（ ）.5.Which category of writing does the review belong to?问题1选项A.he is in favour of itB.his view is balancedC.he is slightly critical of itD.he is strongly critical of it问题2选项A.Internet-based courses may be less costly than traditional ones.B.Teachers in traditional institutions may lose their jobs.C.Internet -based courseware may lack variety in course content.D.The Internet University may produce teachers with a lot of publicity.问题3选项A.Knowledge learning and career building.B.Learning how to solve existing social problems.C.Researching into solutions to current world problems.D.Combining research efforts of teachers and students in learning问题4选项A.are required to conduct more independent research.B.are required to offer more courses to their studentsC.are supposed to assume more demanding dutiesD.are supposed to supervise more students in their specialty问题5选项A.NarrationB.DescriptionC.PersuasionD.Exposition【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.观点态度题。根据原文可知，第二段讲到了网络大学的优势，第三段提到，网络大学也带来了危险，由此可知，他们的态度是客观的不偏不倚的，所以选项B正确。2.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“Besides enforcing a rigidly standardized curriculum, such a “college education in a box” could undersell the offerings of many traditional brick and mortar institutions, effectively driving them out of business and throwing thousands of career academics out of work. 除了实施严格的标准化课程，这种盒子里的大学教育可能会以低于许多传统实体院校的价格出售资料，有效地迫使它们停业，并导致数千名职业学者失业。”选项A“互联网课程可能比传统课程更便宜”符合原文；选项B“传统学校的教师可能会失业”正确；选项C“互联网课件在课程内容上可能缺乏多样性”与原文“实施标准化课程”相符，只有选项D在文中没有提及，所以本题选D。3.判断推理题。根据第五段的内容“学术界的许多人，包括撰写本卷的学者，都在质疑大学教育的根本使命。例如，如果大学生和教授可以把他们的学习和研究工作集中在当地社区和世界上存在的问题上，而不是接受主要的技术培训和建立自己的职业生涯，那会怎么样?”由此可知，传统大学教育的根本使命是：接受主要的技术培训和建立自己的职业生涯。也就是学习知识和职业建设。选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据倒数第四段的内容“Jennifer Gidley向我们展示了未来的大学教师们将如何扮演三个新角色，而不再是讲课和进行独立研究。”由此可排除选项A；根据倒数第二句“A second group, mentors, would function much like todays faculty advisers, but are likely to be working with many more students outside their own academic specialty. 第二个，导师将会像今天的教师顾问一样，但是可能会与更多自己专业外的学生合作。”由此可排除选项D；选项B在文中没有提及；所以只有选项C“需要承担更艰巨的任务”是正确的。5.判断推理题。本题问的是这篇文章的写作类型，Narration记叙文；Description描述；Persuasion说服；Exposition说明文。选项A和D属于写作类型，选项B和C属于写作手法，所以首先排除选项B和C。再根据第一段的内容可知，本文主要讲的是Sohaii Inayatullah和Jennifer Gidley共同编撰的转型中的大学这本书中所提到的内容，属于说明文。所以选项D正确。4. 单选题He is acting as（ ）while the manager is away on business.问题1选项A.agencyB.policyC.deputyD.colleague【答案】C【解析】名词辨析题。A选项agency“代理，中介”；B选项policy“政策，方针”；C选项deputy“代理人，代表”；D选项colleague“同事”。句意：经理出差期间，由他作为代理人。选项C符合句意。5. 翻译题Translate the following paragraphs into Chinese.Members shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 11, provides technical assistance to developing country Members to ensure that the preparation and application of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles to the expansion and diversification of exports from developing country Members.In a superficial sense this new genre was concerned with question of method and was based on a series of reversals. Whereas earlier jurisprudential literature had accepted the civilian definition of law as “true philosophy, it had not developed as a distinctive discipline or science. For the bulk of the fifteenth end sixteenth centuries, studies of the philosophy and method of law were to found in surprisingly disparate dialogues and tracts.The power of an agent to bind his principal by his contracts or acts in the latters behalf depends upon the authority expressly, impliedly or ostensibly conferred upon the agent by the principal, and this depends upon the circumstances of each particular case. Generally, authority to make a specified contract contemplates a contract in the usual form and with usual terms and to do other acts which are usually incidental or reasonably necessary for making the contract.【答案】依照条款第十一条，成员国应当为属于发展中国家的成员提供技术援助，来确保技术规范、标准和合格评定程序的准备和应用不会为后者的出口扩张和多样化造成不必要的障碍。在某种表面意义上，这种新流派关心方式问题且基于一系列的变更。然而，早期的法律文学将法律的平民定义视为“真正的哲学”，它并没有发展成为一种独特的学问或学科。在15世纪和16世纪的绝大部分时间里，对哲学和法律方法的研究在让人惊讶的不同的对话和小册中被发现。代理人通过他（与当事人签订）的台同或代表当事人的行为来让后者受法律约束; 该约束力依赖于委托人清楚、隐含或表面上地赋予代理人的权力，且也取决于每个特定实例的情况。通常，（委托人给代理人的）签约指定合同的权力意味着后者可以签订具有常用条款的一般合同和做其它属于签订合同而附带的或合理需要的事情。6. 单选题I must leave now.（ ）if you want that book I will bring it tomorrow.问题1选项A.OccasionallyB.AccidentallyC.IncidentallyD.Subsequently【答案】C【解析】副词辨析题。A选项Occasionally“偶尔，间或”；B选项Accidentally“意外地，偶然地”；C选项Incidentally“顺便，附带地”；D选项Subsequently“随后，后来”。句意：我必须得离开了。顺便说一句，如果你想要那本书，我明天就带过来。选项C符合语境。7. 单选题How fast is your personal computer? When people ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine. In a computer with a speed of one gigahertz （千兆赫），for example, the crystal licks” a billion times a second. Every action of the computer takes place in tiny steps, each a billionth of a second long. A simple transfer of data may take only one step; complex calculations may take many steps. All operations, however, must begin and end according to the clocks timing signals.Because most modem computers use a single rhythm, we call them synchronous. Inside the computers microprocessor chip, a clock distribution system delivers the timing signals from the crystal oscillator to the various circuits, just as sound in air delivers the beat of a drum to soldiers to set their marching pace. Because all parts of the chip share the same rhythm, the output of any circuit from one step can serve as the input to any other circuit for the next step. The synchronization provided by the clock helps chip designers plan sequences of actions for the computer.The use of a central clock also creates problems. As speeds have increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. Present-day transistors can process data so quickly that they can accomplish several steps in the time that it takes a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other. Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful to the other. Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. Wouldnt it be nice to have an alternative?Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories seeks such alternatives. Along with several other groups worldwide, we are investigating ways to design computing systems in which each part can proceed at its own pace instead of depending on the rhythm of a central clock. We call such systems asynchronous. Each part of an asynchronous system may extend or shorten the timing of its steps when walking across rough terrain.1.What determines the rhythm of the personal computer?2.Why does the author mention sound in air in the second paragraph?3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of the use of a central clock?4.The word “alternative” means（ ）.5.We can infer from the article that（ ）.问题1选项A.An alarming clock.B.A crystal oscillator.C.Complex calculations.D.The clocks timing signals.问题2选项A.To illustrate the timing signals are delivered in a similar way sound travels in air.B.To show us that timing signals speed can be as fast as that of sound.C.Because the wave of timing signals is similar to the sound wave.D.Because sound is delivered by timing signals.问题3选项A.Distributing the timing signals is more difficult when speeds are higher.B.It has to take a wire to carry a signal from one side of the chip to the other.C.Careful design is necessary to keep the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip.D.A great deal of electrical power is required to a whole chip synchronous.问题4选项A.methodB.substituteC.answerD.machine问题5选项A.the structure of an asynchronous system is different from that of a synchronous system.B.the central clock sets the rhythm of parts of an asynchronous systemC.each part of an asynchronous system can change the rhythm of the central clock.D.searching for better replacement for the synchronous system is an international problem.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“How fast is your personal computer? When people ask this question, they are typically referring to the frequency of a minuscule clock inside the computer, a crystal oscillator that set the basic rhythm used throughout the machine.你的电脑有多快？当人们问这个问题时，他们通常指的是计算机内部一个微小时钟的频率，它是一个晶体振荡器，设定了整个机器使用的基本节奏。”由此可知，选项B符合原文。2.判断推理题。根据原文句意“在计算机的微处理器芯片中，一个时钟分配系统将晶体振荡器发出的定时信号传送到各个电路中，就像鼓声通过空气传播给士兵，以此来确定他们行进的步伐一样。”由此可推断，这里提到鼓声在空气中传播是为了说明定时信号的传递和声音在空气中传播的方式是类似的，所以选项A正确。3.判断推理题。根据第三段第二句“As speeds have increased, distributing the timing signals has become more and more difficult. 随着速度的提高，定时信号的分配变得越来越困难。”选项A符合原文；根据第三段倒数第二句“Keeping the rhythm identical in all parts of a large chip requires careful design and a great deal of electrical power. 要使一个大芯片的所有部件都保持相同的节奏，需要精心的设计和大量的电力。”选项C和D符合原文。选项B是由于速度过快导致的结果而不是缺点，所以不正确，本题选B。4.词义题。结合原文内容可知，“alternative” 意为“替代品”，选项B与之意思相近。5.判断推理题。根据最后一段第一句“Our research group at Sun Microsystems Laboratories seeks such alternatives. Along with several other groups worldwide, 我们在太阳微系统实验室的研究组正在寻找这样的替代品。和世界上其他几个组织一起.”由此可推断，寻找更好的同步系统替代品是一个国际性问题，选项D正确。选项A，B，C均是事实，不是推导出来的，所以不符合题意。8. 单选题If you（ ） your demand, then maybe you will have more chance of getting what you want.问题1选项A.conductB.dismissC.grantD.moderate【答案】B【解析】动词辨析题。A选项conduct“组织”；B选项dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理会，不予考虑”；C选项grant“授予”；D选项moderate“节制，减轻”。句意：如果你不考虑自己的需求，你将会有更多的机会获得你想要的。选项B符合句意。9. 单选题A camera takes light rays（ ）off subjects and focuses them on a sheet of film.问题1选项A.disguisedB.definedC.bouncedD.incorporated【答案】C【解析】动词辨析题。A选项disguise“掩饰，隐瞒，伪装”；B选项define“定义，规定”；C选项bounce“弹跳”；D选项incorporate“包含，合并”。句意：照相机捕捉物体反射的光线，并将其聚焦在一张胶片上。bounce off意为“弹开，反弹”，这里指反射光线，所以选项C符合句意。10. 单选题No very satisfactory account of the mechanism that caused the formation of the ocean basins has yet been given. The traditional view supposes that the upper mantle of the earth behaves as a liquid when it is subjected to small forces for long periods and that differences in temperature under oceans and continents are sufficient to produce convection in the mantle of the earth with rising convection currents under the mid ocean ridges and sinking currents under the continents. Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge. This view may be correct; it has the advantage that the currents are driven by temperature differences that themselves depend on the position of the continents. Such a back coupling, in which the position of the moving plate has an impact on the forces that move it, could produce complicated and varying motions.On the other hand, the theory is implausible because convection does not normally occur along lines, and it certainly does not occur along lines broken by frequent offsets or changes in direction, as the ridge is. Also it is difficult to see how the theory applies to the plate between the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean. This plate is growing on both sides, and since there is on intermediate trench the two ridges must be moving apart. It would be odd if the rising convection currents kept exact pace with them. Atlantic theory is that the sinking part of the plate, which is denser than the hotter surrounding mantle, pulls the rest of the plate after it. Again it is difficult to see how this applies to the ridge in the South Atlantic, where neither the African nor the American plate has a sinking part.Another possibility is that the sinking plate cools the neighboring mantle and produces convection currents that move the plates. This last theory is attractive because it gives some hope of explaining the enclosed seas, such as the Sea of Japan. These seas have a typical oceanic floor, except that the floor is overlaid by several kilometers of sediment. Their Floors have probably been sinking for long periods. It seems possible that a sinking current of cooled mantle material on the upper side of the plate might be the cause of such deep basins. The enclosed seas are an important feature of the earths surface and seriously require explanation because, in addition to the enclosed seas that are developing at present behind island arcs; there are a number of older ones of possibly similar origin; such as the Gulf of Mexico, the Black Sea. and perhaps then North Sea.1.According to the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basins, which of the following is sufficient to move the continental plates?2.The author refers to a “conveyor belt” (Lines 5, Para. 1) in order to（ ）.3.The author regards the traditional view of the origin of the ocean basin（ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following are separated by a plate that is growing on both sides?问题1选项A.Spreading of ocean trenches.B.Movement of mid-ocean ridges.C.Sinking of ocean basins.D.Differences in temperature under oceans and continents.问题2选项A.illustrate the effects of convection in the mantle.B.show how temperature differences depend on the positions of the continentC.demonstrate the linear of the Mid Atlantic RidgeD.describe the complicated motions made possibly by back coupling问题3选项A.guarded skepticismB.absolute indifferenceC.indignant angerD.complete disbelief问题4选项A.The Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan.B.The South Atlantic Ridge and the North Sea Ridge.C.The Gulf of Mexico and the South Atlantic Ridge.D.The Mid Atlantic Ridge and the Indian Ocean Ridge【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的第二句“The traditional view supposes that under the continents. 传统的观点认为，当地球的上地幔长时间受到微力的作用会变成液体，以及海洋和大陆的温差在地球的地幔中足以产生对流，海洋中脊下的对流上升，大陆下的对流下降。”由此可知，是海洋与大陆的温差造成了板块的移动，所以选项D符合原文。2.作者意图题。根据关键词“conveyor belt”定位到第一段第三句“Theoretically, this convection would carry the continental plates along as though they were on a conveyor belt and would provide the forces needed to produce the split that occurs along the ridge.理论上来说，这种对流会带动大陆板块，就像在传送带上一样，并提供洋脊产生分裂所需的动力。”由此可知，作者把对流运动比喻成传送带，是为了说明对流运动产生的影响，所以选项A正确。3.观点态度题。根据原文中所提及的“This view may be correct”以及“On the other hand, the theory is implausible（难以置信的）”说明作者对传统观点的态度是持保留意见的怀疑，所以选项A正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干关键信息“growing on both sides”定位到第二段第三句“This plate is growing on both sides.”这里的“this”即上文提及的“the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the ridge in the Indian Ocean”，所以选项D正确。11. 单选题The tre