2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷95（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad as or worse than the hazards of smoking too many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Lets put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism.But wait, weve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution (the 18th) and by a law of Congress (the Volstead Act). After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquor”. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it, and if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drink. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders. Drinkers were lucky to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition; instead people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol.On December 5, 1933, they repealed prohibition by ratifying the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.1.Which of the following was Not a characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?2.During prohibition, illegal alcohol was（）3.When enacting the prohibition laws, people （）4.When enacting the prohibition laws, government officials assumed that （）5.It can be inferred from the passage that （）问题1选项A.There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.C.Without liquor, people would not drink.D.People wouldnt become drunk or create a public nuisance.问题2选项A.sold openlyB.no longer a temptationC.a major factor in the passage of the Volstead ActD.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders问题3选项A.lived in fear of the lawB.were willing to risk of arresting for the pleasure of liquorC.recklessly endangered their communitiesD.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them问题4选项A.every American would buy alcohol illegallyB.all criminal activities would ceaseC.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcoholD.the social threat from drunkenness would decline问题5选项A.the Congress was wise to repeal prohibitionB.the prohibition was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessC.during prohibition, most Americans stop drinkingD.laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcohol beverage【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A、C、D在本段均有提及, 只有选项B没有提及。2.细节事实题。根据第三段的第五句“They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders.”可知, 非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加拿大的边境走私而来的, 所以选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段的一二句“law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it.”选项B符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据第三段的最后一句“Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition；”禁酒的结果本应该是减少犯罪和酗酒。由此推断官员推行禁酒是希望酗酒对社会的威胁会有所下降, 选项D符合原文。5.判断推理题。根据第三段的最后一句“people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol.”有了禁令之后, 人们喝得比以前更多了。因此在1933年12月5日废除了禁令, 这一做法是明智的, 选项A正确。2. 单选题Wealthy people sometimes feel a（）to steal things they can easily afford to buy.问题1选项A.priorityB.compulsionC.privilegeD.repulsion【答案】B【解析】名词辨析题。priority优先；compulsion冲动；privilege特权；repulsion排斥，厌恶。句意：富人有时会有一种冲动，想要偷一些他们很容易买得起的东西。选项B符合原文。3. 单选题The Anti-Japanese War（）in 1937.问题1选项A.was happenedB.broke outC.was brokenD.was broken out【答案】B【解析】语法题。break out和happen均属于不及物动词,没有被动形式。所以只有选项B正确。4. 单选题The growth of population during the past few centuries is no proof that population will continue to grow straight upward toward infinity and doom. On the contrary, demographic history offers evidence that population growth has not been at all constant. According to paleo-ecologist Edward Deevey, the past million years show three momentous changes. The first, a rapid increase in population around one million B.C., followed the innovations of tool-making and tool-using. But when the new power from the use of tools had been exploited, the rate of world population growth fell and became almost stable.The next rapid jump in population started perhaps 10.000 years ago, when men began to keep herds, plow and plant the earth. Once again when initial productivity gains had been absorbed, the rate of population growth abated.These two episodes suggest that the third great change, the present rapid growth, which began in the West between 250 and 350 years ago, may also slow down when, or if technology begins to yield fewer innovations. Of course, the current knowledge revolution may continue without foreseeable end. Either waycontrary to popular belief in constant geometric growthpopulation can be expected in the long run to adjust to productivity. And when one takes this view, population growth is seen to represent economic progress and human triumph rather than social failure.1.In the passage, when did the first significant demographic change occur?2.What did human beings learn to do when the 2nd demographic change took place?3.What is found to have close relationship with rapid increase in population?4.What can be concluded when the current tide of knowledge revolution ebbs?5.What is the concept most people have on population growth?问题1选项A.Three to four centuries ago.B.Ten thousand years ago.C.At a time when steamed engine was invented.D.At a time when human beings began to use tools.问题2选项A.To use stone.B.To plant the earth.C.To build aircraft.D.To derive automobiles.问题3选项A.War between 2 centuries.B.Ways discovered to increase productivity.C.Migration from a continent to another continent.D.A new religion beginning to be accepted by people.问题4选项A.Productivity will rise.B.Productivity will receive no impact.C.Population growth will slow down.D.Population growth will become accelerated.问题5选项A.The population is always in constant geometric growth.B.Rapid growth is followed by stable growth.C.Decelerated growth is followed by a declineD.No growth at all.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“a rapid increase in population around one million B.C., followed the innovations of tool-making and tool-using.”公元前100万年左右，人口迅速增长，伴随着工具制造的创新和工具的使用。选项D符合原文。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的第一句“The next rapid jump in population started perhaps 10.000 years ago, when men began to keep herds, plow and plant the earth.”第二次人口的快速增长大约始于一万年前，那时人们开始放牧、犁地和种地。选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的最后一句“Once again when initial productivity gains had been absorbed, the rate of population growth abated.”当最初的生产力增长再次被吸收后，人口增长率又降低了。由此推断，人口的增长和生产力的提高有关，选项B正确。4.判断推理题。根据第三段的第一句“the present rapid growth, ., may also slow down when, or if technology begins to yield fewer innovations.”如果技术创新开始减少，当前人口的快速增长也可能放缓。选项C符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的倒数第二句“.popular belief in constant geometric growth.”选项A与原文相符。5. 单选题The ancient Chinese thought comets were celestial brooms wielded by the gods to sweep the heavens free of evil. In the West they were believed to presage the fall of Jerusalem, the death of monarchs and such anomalies as two-headed calves. The Norman Conquest of England was attributed to the 1006 flyby of Halleys, historys most famous comet, which has been linked to everything from Julius Caesars assassination to the defeat of Attila the Hun. Told that Earth would pass through Halleys tail during its 1910 visit, many Americans panicked and bought gas masks and “comet pills.”Alan Hale calls these waves of fear and mysticism “comet madness,” and as codiscoverer of Comet Hale-Bopp, hes seen more than his share. Ever since his find was announced, he has been inundated with inquiries, pronouncements and accusations from the cometary fringe.Hale has found that the arrival of a major cometespecially so near the end of a millenniumis still widely regarded as an omen of upheaval and disaster Several Christian Fundamentalists, he writes in the current issue of Skeptical Inquirer, have proclaimed Hale-Bopp to be one of the “signs of the end times” foretold in the New Testament. They also suggest that the comet might be the object described in Revelation 8:10 as a great star named Wormwood that “fell from heaven, blazing like a torch.” Wormwood, according to the Bible, destroys a third of almost everything: people, land, rivers and seas. Others claim that the comet is some kind of alien mother ship “under intelligent control.”Speculation reached a fever pitch last November when Chuck Shramek, an amateur astronomer based in Houston, Texas, announced on a U.S. radio talk show that he had photographed a “Satum-like object” that seemed to be following in Hale-Bopps wake. Shrameks breathless claim elevated Hale-Bopp fantasies from supermarket tabloids to the mainstream press and generated thousands of posts to message boards and astronomy home pages on the Internet. One fast-spreading rumor had it that the object was an alien spacecraft four times the size of Earth.Hale was barraged with reporters queries, and in an effort to calm the reporters, he investigated Shrameks photograph and determined that the “object” in it was an ordinary eighth-magnitude star. After posting his conclusions on the Net, Hale became the target of a flood of hate E-mail, much of it accusing him of being part of a conspiracy to suppress the true nature of Hale-Bopp.Hale acknowledges that it was only natural for our ancestors to be apprehensive about the fiery apparitions in the night sky. But he is impatient with his modem counterparts, who should know better. “I ask readers to treat all these irresponsible reports with the disdain they deserve,” he says, “and instead enjoy the beauty of the comet for its own sake,”1.The best title for this passage would be（）2.Alan Hales attitude towards his contemporary astronomerss reports about newly discovered comets is （）3.Which of the following is FALSE according to the passage?4.Judging by the context, the word “inundated” in Paragraph Two most probably means（）5.We can conclude from the passage that（）问题1选项A.Comets, Omens of DisastersB.The Discovery of Comet Hale-BoppC.Alan Hale, A Great AstronomerD.Crazy about Comets问题2选项A.contemptuousB.unconcernedC.liberalD.positive问题3选项A.There area variety of explanations of Comet-Bopp.B.In the West, comets are regarded as omens of upheavals and disasters.C.Alan Hale has discovered many other comets except comet Hale-Bopp.D.Many people were not satisfied by Alan Hales interpretation of Chuck Shrameks find.问题4选项A.relishedB.overwhelmedC.chargedD.deprived问题5选项A.Chuck Shrameks claim caused a great public concern and interestB.Alan Hale is not fond of E-mailC.Few astronomers are superstitiousD.Most Americans are not impressionable【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文首段提到西方人们对彗星的恐惧，接下来主要讲了天文学家Hale对彗星的研究以及受到人们的指控。所以选项C更符合本文主题。2.观点态度题。根据最后一段的第二句“But he is impatient with his modem counterparts, who should know better.”但他对当代的天文学家们没有耐心，他认为他们应该知道得更多。由此推断，Hale的是轻蔑的。选项A正确。unconcerned不关心的；liberal慷慨的；positive积极的。3.细节事实题。文中只提到Hale发现了波普彗星，但没有说发现了许多其他的彗星，所以选项C表述错误。4.词义题。根据原文：自从他宣布了自己的发现，他就被各种调查、声明和指控淹没了。选项B符合原文。relished品味；charged被指控； deprived被剥夺。5.细节事实题。根据第四段的倒数第二句“Shrameks breathless claim elevated. on the Internet.”Shramek令人窒息的声明将Comet-Bopp的幻想从超市小报提升到了主流媒体，并在互联网上的留言板和天文学主页上发布了数千条帖子。选项A符合原文。6. 单选题The remarkable（）of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establish his theory of evolution.问题1选项A.classificationB.varietyC.densityD.diversion【答案】B【解析】词汇题。variety变种,多样,种种；classification分类,类别,级别；density稠密,密度；diversion转移,消遣。根据句意，这里应该是生命的多样性。选项B正确。句意：加拉帕戈斯群岛上生命的显著多样性启发了查尔斯达尔文建立了他的进化论。7. 单选题This young man,（）with a craving for materialistic gratification, cares about nothing but money.问题1选项A.obsessedB.negotiatedC.compromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。obsessed with沉迷于；negotiated with与协商；compromised with向 （某人）妥协；provided with给提供。句意：这个年轻人贪图物质上的满足，只关心钱。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in（）populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。densely浓密地、稠密地；intensely激烈地、热情地；abundantly丰富地；highly高地，非常。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。9. 单选题The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel, that man（）Prince Henry the navigator, who lived in the 15thcentury.问题1选项A.wasB.namedC.beingD.called【答案】B【解析】考查分词的独立主格结构。分词做状语时其逻辑主语必须与主句主语一致,若不一致时,则要加上自己的逻辑主语。选项B正确。句意：葡萄牙人非常赞赏一个人,因为他促进了海上旅行,这个人就是生活在15世纪的航海家亨利王子。10. 单选题Mary（）the document carefully to make sure that there were no errors in it.问题1选项A.scrutinizedB.overlookedC.skippedD.disregarded【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。scrutinized详细检查；overlooked忽略、检查；skipped跳读；disregarded忽视。句意：玛丽仔细检查了文件以确保没有错误。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题As far as I know the（）in their ages is 10 years.问题1选项A.disparityB.displacementC.disorderD.disposition【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。disparity悬殊、不同；displacement取代、位移；disorder混乱；disposition性情、倾向。句意：据我所知，他们的年龄相差10年。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题Economics involves the study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, big business and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimately affect the way we live. Economic forces surround our daily lives, influencing how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about how much to spend and for what purposes, and how much to raise in taxes and who should be taxed as well as in their evaluations of the consequences of war, peace, and disarmament. Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights have important consequences for all of us for both those who are discriminated against and those who are not. At a still more global level economic factors are involved in birth, health, death, population growth, and the dynamics of history.In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services. Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature. A loaf of bread is the end result of long series of operations that begins with planting and harvesting grain and proceeds through milling, baking, and shipping to the point at which the housewife can pick the loaf off the grocers shelf. The driver filling his tank at a services station is taking the final step in a long chain of activities: drilling oil wells, moving petroleum in ships and pipelines, chemical treatment, refining and storage. The same is generally true of all goods.The process of bridging the gap between the original resources of nature and needs of the final consumer is production. Production includes any activity that makes goods and services available to people. It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive, as are actors, musicians, entertainers, and others who perform services for our benefits.1.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?2.We may infer from the context that the word “encompass” (Line 4, Paragraph 5) means（）3.According to the passage, economics is the study of （）4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?5.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?问题1选项A.Economic factors influence our daily life.B.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about some policies.C.What we study in economics is how governments influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc.D.The services of wholesalers, retailers and bankers are an important part of the productive process.问题2选项A.surroundB.encloseC.encircleD.include问题3选项A.production and consumptionB.governments policyC.activities that make goods available to peopleD.consequences of war and peace.问题4选项A.The services of doctors, lawyers and teachers are unproductive.B.Economic factors are involved in the development of history.C.All that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.D.Job discrimination and unequal educational opportunities have important consequences only for those who are discriminated against.问题5选项A.Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights are excluded from economic factors.B.Each topic in economics deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.C.Government policies determine the link between the resources of nature and needs of the consumer.D.A housewife cannot pick a loaf of bread off the grocers shelf unless there is a good harvest.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“.affect the way we live.”对应选项A；第二段的第一句“Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions.”对应选项B；最后一段的第三句“It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。2.词义题。根据原文：它不限制于有形的物质设施, 但是也 服务。选项D包括, 与原文encompass意思最相近。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“., is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”每个主题都以这样或那样的方式处理社会生产和使用商品和服务的方式。所以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive.”可知选项A错误；根据第三段的最后一句“at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.”可知选项B正确；根据第四段的第二句“Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段的第二句“job discrimination, .and those who are not.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。5.判断推理题。根据第四段的第一句“The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”由此可以推断选项B符合原文。13. 单选题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique