2022年考博英语-南京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第93期

2022年考博英语-南京大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题A team of researchers（ ） the problem of diseases connected with contaminated milk.问题1选项A.addressB.interactC.wonderD.react【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。address “处理” ;interact “相互作用” ;wonder “想知道”; react “反应”。句意：一组研究人员把这种疾病和被污染的牛奶联系起来。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题Einstein was a man deeply （ ） to the ideal of the morally responsible scientist.问题1选项A.affectedB.committedC.subjectedD.maintained【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。affect “影响”；commit “承诺”；subject “使服从”,maintain “维修”。爱因斯坦是一个决心成为有责任感的科学家的人。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题The report criticized the legislature for making college attendance dependent on the ability to pay, charging that，as a result，hundreds of qualified young people would be （ ） further education.问题1选项A.entitled toB.striving forC.deprived ofD.participating in【答案】C【解析】动词词组辨析。entitle to“有权享有，使有资格“;strive for “奋斗”;deprive of“剥夺”; participate in“参与”。句意：这份报告批判了以大学生支付能力决定入学率的立法，结果，数以百计的符合资格的年轻人失去了继续接受教育的机会。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he（ ） childhood processes from adult memory.问题1选项A.reconstructedB.incorporatedC.obstructedD.fostered【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。reconstruct “重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct “阻塞，妨碍”；foster “培养，养育”。句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题As the leaves turn yellow and fall, you can feel the（ ）of winter.问题1选项A.approachB.effectC.surroundingD.specimen【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。approach“靠近”；effect “作用”；surrounding “周围的事物”；specimen “样本，标本”。句意：当树叶变黄掉落，你可以感受到冬天的到来。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The term nonverbal communication （ ）_ a number of categories: body language, vocal into-nations, physical objects, and space, among others.问题1选项A.embracesB.classifiesC.constitutesD.intervenes【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。embrace “包含” ; classify “分类”；constitute “组成”;intervene “干涉” 。句意：非语言交际一词包含很多类：肢体语言、语音语调、物理对象和空间。选项A符合题意。7. 单选题（ ）fire tests gold, so does adversity tests courage.问题1选项A.LikeB.AlikeC.AsD.Comparing【答案】C【解析】考查连词。Like “像”，可作介词；alike “相同的，相似的”，可作形容词；as “像”，可作介词；comparing “比较”，可作动词。此处“fire tests gold” 为一个完整的句子，所以要用连词，句意：就好像真金不怕火炼一样，意志不畏艰难。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题I dont mind a bit if you bring your friends in for a drink, but it is rather too much when ten people arrive （ ） for dinner.问题1选项A.unusuallyB.excessivelyC.consequentlyD.unexpectedly【答案】D【解析】副词词义辨析。unexpectedly “出乎意料地” ；unusually“显著地”；excessively “过分地”；consequently“从而”。句意：我不介意你带你的朋友来喝杯茶，但是当十个人出乎意料地来家里吃晚饭时就有点太多了。9. 单选题If securities of a foreign corporation are sold in the US, the corporation is （ ） to the US law.问题1选项A.dedicatedB.subjectC.projectedD.loyal【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。dedicated “专注于”;subject服从的；projected “突出的”;loyal “忠诚的”。句意：外国公司的证券在美国出售的前提就是必需服从美国的法律。选项B符合题意。10. 单选题Doctors say that moderate drinking can have a beneficial （ ）on your health.问题1选项A.impactB.generationC.dispositionD.dependence【答案】A【解析】名词词义辨析。impact “影响”;generation “一代，产生” ; disposition “性情，处置”;dependence “独立”。句意：医生说适当喝酒对你的健康有有利影响。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题I am（ ）to Mr. Morrison because of the kindness and concern that he showed me when I first got here.问题1选项A.gratifiedB.unforgettableC.desirousD.indebted【答案】D【解析】形容词词义解析。Gratified “满足的”; unforgettable “难忘的”；desirous “渴望的” ; indebted “受惠的，感激的”。句意：当我最初到这儿的时候，莫里森先生对我关心友好，我对他报以感激之心。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Starting a new business can be a risky （ ）.问题1选项A.processingB.attemptingC.undertakingD.overhauling【答案】C【解析】名词词义解析。processing “加工”，attempting “试图”；undertaking “事业”，overhauling “翻修”。句意：开始一项新业务是件个冒险的事。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题A lie is as much a lie, when it is whispered or when it is（ ）at the market cross.问题1选项A.proclaimedB.reclaimedC.acclaimedD.claimed【答案】A【解析】形近词词义解析。proclaim “声明”；reclaim“指收回或利用废物”；acclaim “喝彩”；claim “声称”。句意：谎言就是谎言，不管是小声说的，还是在街上大声宣扬的。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题The police accused him of setting fire to the building but he denied（ ） in the area on the night of the fire.问题1选项A.to beB.to have beenC.having beenD.be【答案】C【解析】固定搭配。Deny doing sth. “否认做过某事”。句意：警察指控他在大厦纵火，但是他否认他在场当火灾发生时。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题A noisy aggressive cousin of the crow, the magpie has those bird s thievish habits.问题1选项A.A noisyB.aggressiveC.thoseD.habits【答案】A【解析】根据题意，如果noisy和aggressive是并列的关系，共同修饰cousin，那么应该用and来连接，所以noisy应该用来修饰aggressive，改为noisily副词形式，句意：喜鹊是乌鸦吵闹好斗的近亲，也有鸟那种偷偷摸摸的习性。选项A符合题意。16. 单选题Donor fatigue and （ ） of the countrys poverty are now causing those hopes to wither.问题1选项A.expenditureB.extremityC.wreckageD.supremacy【答案】B【解析】名词词义辨析。expenditure “支出”；extremity “极端”；wreckage “残骸”；supremacy “至高无上”。句意：捐赠者的疲倦和这个国家的极端贫困导致希望越来越渺茫。选项B符合题意。17. 翻译题中国是世界文明的发源地之一，有五千年的文明史。在中国古代思想史上，涌现出了许许多多杰出的思想家，为中华民族乃至整个人类留下了丰富的思想遗产。这些思想成果独树一帜，在漫长的历史中又不断地被阐释、被发展，很多思想对于今天的中国乃至世界而言，仍然历久弥新，极具生命力。比如，儒家学派创始人孔子“仁”的理念、“和”的思想，不仅在当代中国，在其他亚洲国家也一直备受推崇。【答案】China is one of the birthplaces of the world civilization which has a 5,000-year history. There are many outstanding ideologists in Chinese ancient thought history that left a rich ideological heritage for our China and even the whole mankind. The ideological achievements were very unique and constantly explained and developed in the long history. Today, some of these thoughts are still lively and full of vitality for todays China and the whole world. For example, the ideal of “benevolence” and the “harmony” thought of Confucius who is the originator of Confucian school have been praised highly by China and other Asian countries at present.18. 单选题Fun is what we experience during an act. Happiness is what we experience after an act. It is a deeper, more（ ） emotion.问题1选项A.compellingB.abidingC.violentD.sophisticated【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。compelling “引人注目的”；abiding “持久的”；violent “暴力的”；sophisticate “复杂的”。句意：乐趣是在一种行为中体会到的。快乐是在行为之后体会到的。快乐的感受更深一些，并且更加持久一些。选项B符合题意。19. 单选题The ambassador was accused of having（ ）on domestic affairs.问题1选项A.trespassedB.encroachedC.entrenchedD.invaded【答案】B【解析】近义词词义辨析。trespass “非法入侵，法律上的入侵”，encroach “蚕食，侵占”，entrench “侵犯，挖掘壕沟”，invade“侵略，侵袭”。句意：这个大使被指控干涉别国的内政。有侵犯别国权利意思的单词是 encroach，选项B符合题意。20. 单选题Fossils of plant that have been extinct for fifty million years have been found in large deposits of amber near the Baltic Sea.问题1选项A.plantB.been extinctC.fifty million yearD.near【答案】A【解析】根据题中的“have been” 可知，plant应该用复数，句意：已经灭绝了五千万年的化石植物在靠近波罗的海的大型湖泊沉积物中发现了。选项A符合题意。