2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷29

2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Even as a girl,_to be her life, and theater audiences were to be her best teachers.问题1选项A.performing by Melissa wereB.it was known that Melissas performances wereC.knowing that Melissas performances wereD.Melissa knew that performing was【答案】D【解析】考查句子结构与同位语。分析句子结构，可知and为连词，后面接的是一个完整的句子，因此and前也应为一个句子，空格处缺少主语，根据Even as a girl可知a girl是主语的同位语，因此D选项符合语法和句式要求。句意：即使是个小女孩时，梅丽莎就知道表演是她的生命，而剧院的观众是她最好的老师。2. 单选题I cant wait to hear about your English class问题1选项A.am eager toB.am late toC.am indifferentD.am happy to【答案】A【解析】考查短语词义辨析。题目中cant wait to do sth表示“迫不及待去做某事”；A选项为“渴望去做某事”；B选项为“迟到”; C选项为“对漠不关心”；D选项为“开心做某事”。由题意可知，我已经迫不及待要听你的英语课了。因此，正确答案是A项。3. 单选题A newly developed robot that can show its emotions by smiling or frowning may one day help computer users talk as quickly and easily to machine_with other people.问题1选项A.such as they now talkB.like they now talkC.as much as they now doD.as they now do【答案】D【解析】考查比较级。在as.as.引导的同级比较中，第一个as为副词，第二个as为连词其基本结构为：as+adj./adv.+as。根据quickly and easily可知选D。句意：一种新开发的机器人可以通过微笑或皱眉头来表达自己的情感，也许有一天它能帮助计算机用户像现在一样快速、方便地与机器交流。4. 单选题You may either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it, （）way you do it; it is a good thing to break up the soil after seeding.问题1选项A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种后最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。5. 单选题How we look and how we appear to others probably worries us more when are in our teens or early twenties than at any other time in our life. Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.Most fashion magazines or TV advertisements try to persuade us that we should dress in a certain way or behave in a certain manner. If we do, they tell us, we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment. Changing fashion, of course, does not apply just to dress. A barber today does not cut a boys hair in the same way as he used to, and girls do not make up in the same way as their mothers and grandmothers did. The advertisers show us the latest fashionable styles and we are constantly under pressure to follow the fashion in case our friends think we are odd or dull.What causes fashions to change? Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion. Take hats for example. In cold climates, early buildings were cold inside, so people wore hats indoors as well as outside. In recent times, the late President Kennedy caused a depression in the American hat industry by not wearing hats: more American men followed his example.There is also a cyclical pattern in fashion. In the 1920s in Europe and America, short skirts became fashionable. After World War II, they dropped to ankle length. Then they got shorter and shorter the miniskirt was in fashion. After a few more years, skirts became longer again.Today, society is much freer and easier than it used to be. It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion. The popularity of jeans and the “untidy” look seems to be a reaction against the increasingly expensive fashion of the top fashion houses.At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully. It would be foolish to go to an interview for a job in a law firm wearing jeans and a sweater; and it would be discourteous to visit some distinguished scholar looking as if we were going to the beach or a night club. However, you need never feel depressed if you dont look like the latest fashion photo. Look around you and youll see that no one else does either!1. The author thinks that people are_.2. Fashion magazines and TV advertisements seem to link fashion to_.3. Causes of fashions are_.4. Present-day society is much freer and easier because it emphasizes_.5. Which is the main idea of the last paragraph?问题1选项A.satisfied with their appearanceB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.far from neglecting what is in fashionD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题2选项A.confidence in lifeB.concerned about appearance in old ageC.individual hair styleD.reluctant to follow the trends in fashion问题3选项A.uniformB.variedC.unknownD.inexplicable问题4选项A.uniformityB.formalityC.informalityD.individuality问题5选项A.Care about appearance in formal situations.B.Fashion in formal and informal situations.C.Ignoring appearance in informal situations.D.Ignoring appearance in all situations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Few of us are content to accept ourselves as we are, and few are brave enough to ignore the trends of fashion.（我们中很少有人满足于接受自己的现状，也很少有人敢忽视时尚潮流）可知C选项“很难忽视时尚”符合题意。2.细节事实题。由文章第二段中的we will be able to meet new people with confidence and deal with every situation confidently and without embarrassment（我们将能够充满信心地认识新的人，并且能够自信地、毫不尴尬地处理每一件事）可知时尚杂志和电视广告将时尚与人的自信联系在一起，因此选A。3.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Sometimes convenience or practical necessity or just the fancy of an influential person can establish a fashion.（有时是方便或实际需要，或仅仅是一个有影响力的人的幻想就能建立起一种时尚）可知导致时尚变化的原因是多变的，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中的It is no longer necessary to dress like everyone else. Within reason, you can dress as you like or do your hair the way you like instead of the way you should because it is the fashion.（不再需要像其他人那样穿衣服了。在合理的范围内，你可以穿自己喜欢的衣服，也可以用你喜欢的方式做头发，而不是你应该做的样子，因为这是时尚）可知当今社会更尊重个人选择，强调个性化，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。由文章最后一段中的第一句At the same time, appearance is still important in certain circumstances and then we must choose our clothes carefully.（同时，外表在某些情况下仍然很重要，所以我们必须谨慎地选择我们的衣服）可知A选项“在正式场合下需要注意外貌形象”符合题意。6. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.北京奥组委(The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad)官方网站讯：2007年6月23日，在八达岭长城举办的“第四届2008北京奥林匹克文化节” 开幕式上，所有观众的目光都被长城上的新标识所吸引一一在绿树环绕下，一个令所有中国人兴奋的口号映衬着的长城遒劲而古老的线体。这就是一座长67米，高18米的“同一个世界同一个梦想(One World One Dream)”北京奥运会会徽(Emblem)和北京奥运会主题口号大型景观建筑。在今后的两年多的时间里，每当人们抬头仰望长城巍峨的身姿就会知道，奥运和中国有着怎样的无法割舍的渊源。【答案】The Beijing Organizing Committee for the Games of the XXIX Olympiad Official Website News: At the opening ceremony of the Fourth 2008 Beijing Olympic Cultural Festival, held on the Badaling Great Wall on June 23, 2007, all audiences are attracted to the new logo on the Great Wall. Surrounded by green trees, this logo shows powerful and antique line of the Great Wall with an exciting slogan to all Chinese people. That is a large landscape architecture, 67 meters length and 18 meters high, of Beijing Olympic Games emblem engraving characters with “One World One Dream” and Beijing Olympic Games theme slogan. Over the next more than two years, people will learn about the deep and close relationship between Olympic Games and China whenever they look up at towering figure of the Great Wall.7. 单选题Womens minds work differently from mens. At least, that is what most men are convinced of. Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke. Now the biologists have moved into this minefield, and some of them have found that there are real differences between the brains of men and women. But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.There is, however, a definite-structural variation between the male and female brain. The difference is in a part of the brain that is used in the most complex intellectual processes the link between the two halves of the brain.The two halves are linked by a trunkline of between 200 and 300 million nerves, the corpus callosum. Scientists have found quite recently that the corpus callosum in women is always larger and probably richer in nerve fibers than it is in men. This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance. The question is “What?”，and, if this difference exists, are there others? Research shows that present-day women think differently and behave differently from men. Are some of these differences biological and inborn, a result of evolution? We tend to think that it is the influence of society that produces these differences. But could we be wrong?Research showed that these two halves of the brain had different functions, and that the corpus callosum enabled them to work together. For most people, the left half is used for word-handling, analytical and logical activities; the right half works on pictures, patterns and forms. We need both halves working together. And the better the connections, the more harmoniously the two halves work. And, according to research findings, women have the better connections.But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis. In schools throughout the world girls tend to be better than boys at “language subjects” and boys better at maths and physics. If these differences correspond with the differences in the hemispheric trunkline, there is an unalterable distinction between the sexes.We shant know for a while, partly because we dont know of any precise relationship between abilities in school subject and the functioning of the two halves of the brain, and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing.1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?2. According to the passage it is commonly believed that brain differences are caused by_ factors.3. “these differences” in paragraph 5 refer to those in_.4. At the end of the passage the author proposes more work on_.5. What is the main purpose of the passage?问题1选项A.Biologists are conducting research where psychologists have given up.B.Brain differences point to superiority of one sex over the other.C.Results of scientific research fail to support popular belief.D.The structural difference in the brain between the sexes has long been known.问题2选项A.biologicalB.psychologicalC.physicalD.social问题3选项A.skills of men and womenB.school subjectsC.the brain structure of men and womenD.activities carried out by the brain问题4选项A.the brain structure as a wholeB.the functioning of part of the brainC.the distinction between the sexesD.the effects of the corpus callosum问题5选项A.To outline the research findings on the brain structure.B.To explain the link between sex and brain structure,C.To discuss the various factors that cause brain differences.D.To suggest new areas in brain research.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第一段中的Psychologists view the subject either as a matter of frustration or a joke.（心理学家把这个问题看作是一件沮丧的是或是一个笑话）可知A选项表述不正确；由第一段中的But being different, they point out hurriedly, is not the same as being better or worse.（但他们急忙指出，不同并不等于好或坏）可知B选项表述不正确；由第三段中的This is the first time that a structural difference has been found between the brains of women and men and it must have some significance.（这是第一次发现女性和男性大脑之间的结构差异，它必须具有一定的意义）可知D选项表述不正确。通过排除法排除A、B、D选项，因此选C。2.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的We tend to think that it is the influence of society that produces these differences.（我们倾向于认为，正是社会的影响产生了这些差异）可知选D。3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第二段中的But it isnt all that easy to explain the actual differences between skills of men and women on this basis.（但要在此基础上解释男女技能的实际差异并非易事）可知选A。4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的and we cannot understand how the two halves interact via the corpus callosum. But this striking difference must have some effect and, because the difference is in the parts of the brain involved in intellect, we should be looking for differences in intellectual processing（我们也不知道这两部分是如何通过胼胝体相互作用的。但这种显著的差异肯定会有一定的影响，因为这种差异存在于大脑中与智力有关的部分，我们应该寻找智力加工的差异）可知选D。5.主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了男性和女性的结构存在差别，科学家对这种差别所做的研究，因此A选项“概述脑结构的研究成果”符合题意。8. 单选题His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in_to his income.问题1选项A.comparisonB.proportionC.associationD.calculation【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in proportion to表示“与成比例，与相称”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的开销占他收入相当大的比例。9. 单选题Alex isnt very friendly; he keeps a（）between himself and other people.问题1选项A.barrierB.foundationC.frontierD.gauge【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。通过句意可知，Alex不是特别友好，他总将自己与其他人隔离开来。A选项为“障碍；分界线”；B选项为“基础”；C选项为“边界；边缘”；D选项为“尺度；测量”。因此，A项符合句意。故正确答案为A项。10. 单选题A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to_them.问题1选项A.testifyB.verifyC.affirmD.assert【答案】B【解析】词义辨析 动词。A选项testify v.证明，作证，证实；B选项verify v.核实，查证；C选项affirm v.肯定，断言；D选项assert v.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【试题答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。11. 单选题_dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However【答案】D【解析】考查倒装结构。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装；whatever后面常跟名词；as引导让步状语从句时，结构为：形容词/副词/名词/动词+ as +主语+谓语；however引导让步状语从句时，后面跟形容词或副词。句意：不管他有多迟钝，他无疑是一位非常成功的高管。12. 单选题The old lady has developed a_cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustainable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项perpetual“永久的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，持续的，长久的”；C选项chronic“(尤指疾病) 长期的，慢性的，难以治愈的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。根据cannot be cured completely in a short time可知这位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此选C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短时间内不能完全治愈。13. 单选题Millions of farmers, drawn by the of employment, came into the city, which made the problems of transportation and housing even more serious.问题1选项A.prosperityB.prospectC.expectationD.with respect to【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项prosperity n.繁荣，成功；B选项prospect n.前途，预期；C选项expectation n.期待，预期，指望；D选项anticipation n. 预料，希望，预感。根据句意可知，数百万的农民，满怀找工作的希望涌入城市，使得城市里的交通和住房问题变得更加严重。因此，正确答案为C项。14. 单选题Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when_in the middle of the Pacific, businessmen can contact their offices as if they were next door.问题1选项A.glidingB.cruisingC.pilotingD.patrolling【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glide“滑行，滑翔”；B选项cruise“（船，飞机）航行，游行”；C选项pilot“驾驶，领航”；D选项patrol“巡逻，巡查”。根据in the middle of the Pacific可知B选项符合逻辑搭配。句意：卫星通信高度发达，即使商人在太平洋的中部航行，也可以和办公室及时联系，就好像他们在隔壁一样。15. 单选题Before police could stop the drink-crazed driver, he had crashed_another car and sent six persons to the hospital.问题1选项A.outB.againstC.intoD.on【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。crash out表示“（因极度困倦或醉酒而）入睡，睡觉”；crash against表示“碰撞（常发出巨大的声响或造成破坏）”，against指对立；crash into“撞上，坠毁”，into指进去；have a crush on sb,表示“喜欢某人”，为固定搭配。根据the drink-crazed driver与another car可知C选项符合语义。句意：在警察还没来得及制止酒后驾车的司机，他就撞上了另一辆车，并使六个人送往医院。16. 单选题Its an awful that your wife couldnt come. I was looking forward to meeting her.问题1选项A.harmB.sorrowC.shameD.shock【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项harm n.伤害，损害；B选项sorrow n.悲伤，懊悔，伤心事；C选项shame n.憾事，羞耻；D选项shock n.震惊，打击。根据句意可知讲话人一直希望见到对方妻子，所以非常遗憾她没能来，it is a shame 表示“太遗憾了”。因此，C项是正确答案。17. 单选题The Internet, E-commerce and globalization are making a new economic era possible. In the future, capitalist markets will largely be replaced by a new kind of economic system based on networked relationships, contractual arrangements and access rights.Has the quality of our lives at work, at home and in our communities increased in direct proportion to all the new Internet and business-to-business Internet services being introduced into our lives? I have asked this question of hundreds of CEOs and corporate executives in Europe and the United States. Surprisingly, virtually everyone has said, “No, quite contrary.” The very people responsible for ushering in what some have called a “technological renaissance” say they are working longer hours, feel more stressed, are more impatient, and are even less civil in their dealings with colleagues and friends not to mention strangers. And whats more revealing, they place much of the blame on the very same technologies they are so aggressively championing.The techno gurus (领袖)promised us that access would make life more convenient and give us more time. Instead, the very technological wonders that were supposed to liberate us have begun to enslave us in a web of connections from which there seems to be no easy escape.If an earlier generation was preoccupied with the quest to enclose a vast geographic frontier, the .com generation, it seems, is more caught up in the colonization of time. Every spare moment of our time is being filled with some form of commercial connection, making time itself the most scarce of all resources. Our e-mail, voice mail and cell phones, our 24 hour Interact news and entertainment all seize for our attention.And while we have created every kind of labor-and time-saving device to service our needs, we are beginning to feel like we have less time available to us than any other humans in history. That is because the great proliferation of labor-and time-saving services only increases the diversity, pace and flow of commoditized activity around us. For example, e-mail is a great convenience. However, we now find ourselves spending much of our day frantically responding to each others electronic messages. The cell phone is a great time-saver. Except now we are always potentially in reach of someone else who wants our attention.Social conservatives talk about the decline in civility and blame it on the loss of a moral compass and religious values. Has anyone bothered to ask whether the hyper speed culture is making all of us less patient and less willing to listen and defer, consider and reflect?Maybe we need to ask what kinds of connections really count and what types of access really matter in the e-economy era. If this new technology revolution is only about hyper efficiency, then we risk losing something even precious than time our sense of what it means to be a caring human being.1. According to the passage, corporate executives think that_.2. Which of the following is NOT true?3. What is the most valuable resource for the .com generation?4. In the sixth paragraph, the author implied that_.5. An appropriate title for the passage might be_.问题1选项A.technology renaissance should be pushed forwardB.technology has a profound impact on their lives.C.technology actually results in a decline in their life qualityD.technology should be aggressively championed问题2选项A.Technology was supposed to free people.B.The .com generation became slaves of technology.C.New technologies occupy much of our time.D.It is difficult to avoid the influence of technology wonders.问题3选项A.Technological wonders.B.Access to information.C.TimeD.Time-saving devices.问题4选项A.social conservatives blamed the loss of morality on technologyB.the .com generation was less civil than the earlier generationsC.the hyper speed culture led to the decline in civilityD.technology might make people less impatient问题5选项A.The New Internet LifeB.The Drawbacks of too Much AccessC.T