2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷76

2022年考博英语-陕西师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题His expenditure on holidays and luxuries is rather high in_to his income.问题1选项A.comparisonB.proportionC.associationD.calculation【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。in proportion to表示“与成比例，与相称”。句意：他在假日和奢侈品上的开销占他收入相当大的比例。2. 单选题Diamonds have little_value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项extinct“灭绝的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，不变的”；C选项surplus“过剩的”；D选项intrinsic“固有的，内在的，本质的”。根据their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity可知D选项符合语义。句意：钻石几乎没有内在价值，其价格几乎完全取决于其稀缺性。3. 单选题The human voice often sounds （）on the phone.问题1选项A.twistedB.irregularC.deformedD.distorted【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项twisted adj.扭曲的；B选项irregular adj.不规则的，无整齐的；C选项 deformed adj.丑陋的，畸形的；D选项distorted adj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根据human voice可知，D项符合搭配。句意：人声在电话里听起来总是有些失真。4. 单选题Failure is probably the most fatiguing experience a person ever has. There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding, being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.We experience this tiredness in two main ways, as start-up fatigue and performance fatigue. In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it. And the longer we postpone it, the more tired we feel.Such start-up fatigue is very real, even not actually physical, not something in our muscles and bones, The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise. The moment I find myself turning away from a job, or putting it under a pile of things I have to do, I clear my desk of everything else and attach the objectionable item first. To prevent start-up fatigue, always treat the most difficult job first.Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear to be insurmountable and however hard we work, we fail again and again. The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue. In such a situation, I work as hard as I can, then let the unconscious take over.1. Which of the following can be called an evil circle?2. According to the passage, when keeping putting off a task, we can experience（）.3. To overcome start-up fatigue, we need（）.4. The word“insurmountable”in the last paragraph probably means（）.5. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.Success-zeal-success-zealB.Failure-tiredness-failure-tirednessC.Failure-zeal-failure-tirednessD.Success-exhaustion-success-exhaustion问题2选项A.tirednessB.performance fatigueC.start-up fatigueD.unconsciousness问题3选项A.toughnessB.preventionC.musclesD.strong willpower问题4选项A.that cannot be solvedB.that cannot be understoodC.that cannot be imaginedD.that cannot be objected问题5选项A.It is easier to overcome start-up fatigueB.Performance fatigue occurs when the job we are willing to take gets blockedC.One will finally succeed after experiencing the evil circleD.Fatigue often accompanies fatigue【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段There is nothing more exhausting than not succeeding being blocked, not moving ahead. It is an evil circle. Failure breeds fatigue, and fatigue makes it harder to get to work, which adds to the fatigue.可知失败会导致疲惫，而疲惫会使你更难工作，进而导致疲惫加重，于是进入恶性循环，受阻不前，影响进度。因此，B项正确。2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段In the former case, we keep putting off a task that we are forced to take up. Either because it is too tedious or because it is too difficult, we avoid it.可知，我们会因为任务过于乏味或太难而推迟完成任务，这种情况就是start-up fatigue。因此，C项正确。3.细节事实题。根据文章第三段The remedy is obvious, though perhaps not easy to apply: willpower exercise.可知，解决办法就是需要我们加强意志力的锻炼。因此，本题选择D项正确。4.词汇题。题干词汇insurmountable意思是不能克服的，难以解决超越的。A选项“不能被解决”，B选项“不能被理解的”，C选项“不能被想象的”，D选项“不能被否决的”。因此，A选项正确。5.推理判断题。由文章第二段可知可以通过锻炼意志力来克服start-up fatigue可知A项正确。B选项可通过原文Here we are willing to get started, but we cant seem to do the job right.推断得出。C 选项在原文中没有明确说明，过于绝对。根据原文最后一段The mounting experience of failure carries with it an ever-increasing burden of mental fatigue.可知D选项正确。故本题正确答案为C选项。5. 单选题A scientist does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available. Instead, he always checks, studies and makes experiments carefully and objectively to_them.问题1选项A.testifyB.verifyC.affirmD.assert【答案】B【解析】词义辨析 动词。A选项testify v.证明，作证，证实；B选项verify v.核实，查证；C选项affirm v.肯定，断言；D选项assert v.维护，坚持，断言。根据句意逻辑，B项正确。【试题答案】一个科学家不会接受不是基于完整论据论证的结论，事实上，他通常会检查、钻研、仔细客观地做实验，从而证实这些假设。6. 单选题The old lady has developed a_cough which cannot be cured completely in a short time.问题1选项A.perpetualB.permanentC.chronicD.sustainable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项perpetual“永久的”；B选项permanent“永恒的，持续的，长久的”；C选项chronic“(尤指疾病) 长期的，慢性的，难以治愈的”；D选项sustainable“可持续的”。根据cannot be cured completely in a short time可知这位老太太患的是慢性咳嗽，因此选C。句意：老太太患了慢性咳嗽，短时间内不能完全治愈。7. 单选题For many patients, institutional care is the most_and beneficial form of care.问题1选项A.pertinentB.appropriateC.acuteD.persistent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pertinent“（说话，话题等）切题的，（意见，建议等）相关的”；B选项appropriate“恰当的，适当的”；C选项acute“十分严重的，(疾病)急性的，灵敏的”；D选项persistent“持久的，持续的”。句意：对许多病人来说，机构护理是最适当和最有益的护理形式。8. 单选题The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity. Early immigrants to America from Europe brought with them a collective style of living, which they retained until late in the 18th century. Historical records document a group-oriented existence, in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping. People ate soups from a communal pot, shared drinking cups, and used a common pit toilet. With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates; the eating of meals that included meat, bread, and vegetables served on separate plates; and the use of private toilets. They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms.In Mexico, the meaning and organization of domestic space is strikingly different. Houses are organized around a patio, or courtyard. Rooms open onto the patio, where all kinds of domestic activities take place. Individuals do not have separate bedrooms. Children often sleep with parents, and brothers or sisters share a bed, emphasizing familial interdependence. Rooms in Mexican houses are locations for multiple activities that, in contrast, are rigidly separated in the United States.1. Changes in living styles among early immigrants were initially brought about by_.2. Which of the following is NOT discussed in the passage?问题1选项A.rising living standardsB.new conceptsC.new customsD.new designs of houses问题2选项A.Their concepts of domestic spaceB.Their social relationships.C.The functions of their rooms.D.The layout of their houses.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A【解析】1.考查细节事实题。由文章一段中的With the development of ideas about individualism, people soon began to shift to the use of individual cups and plates（随着个人主义思想的发展，人们很快开始转向使用单独的杯子和盘子）可知“个人主义思想”是一种新的观念，改变了人们的生活方式，因此选B。2.细节事实题。文章第一段中的The way in which people use social space reflects their social relationships and their ethnic identity.（人们使用社会空间的方式反映了他们的社会关系和民族认同）与B选项对应，in which one room was used for eating, entertaining guests, and sleeping（其中一个房间用来吃饭、招待客人和睡觉）与C选项对应，They began to build their houses with separate rooms to entertain guests-living rooms, separate bedrooms for sleeping, separate work areaskitchen, laundry room, and separate bathrooms（他们开始建造自己的房子，有单独的房间来招待客、睡觉和工作厨房、洗衣房和浴室）与D选项对应。通过排除法排除B、C、D选项，因此选A。9. 单选题You may either sow wheat in rows or broadcast it, （）way you do it; it is a good thing to break up the soil after seeding.问题1选项A.whateverB.wheneverC.howeverD.whichever【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句。句意：你可以成排的播种或散播小麦。但无论是哪种方式，播种后最好都要松松土。A选项为“无论什么”；B选项为“无论何时”，而从句主语为way，故可排除A和B。C项表示“无论如何”，是副词。D选项whichever可以单独使用或加一个名词。因此，D项正确。10. 单选题But for his help, I（）.问题1选项A.did not succeedB.had not succeededC.should not have succeededD.have not succeeded【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。But for表示“要不是”，引导含蓄虚拟语气。A选项did not succeed过去时；B选项had not succeeded过去完成时；C选项 should not have succeeded表示“原本不应该成功的，但却成功了”，表示虚拟语气；D选项have not succeeded现在完成时，因此C项为正确选项。11. 单选题They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to yield to fatigue in stressful jobs.问题1选项A.to succumb to being tiredB.to sustain the fatigueC.to endure the long strainD.to expose them to the risks【答案】A【解析】本题考查短语搭配。A选项to succumb to being tired屈服于疲劳；B选项to sustain the fatigue 维持疲劳；C选项 to endure the long strain 承受长期压力；D选项to expose them to the risks 暴露在风险下。句意：他们很好地利用了现有时间，不会轻易地因充满压力的工作弄得疲劳不堪。因此，等同于to yield to fatigue“屈服疲劳”的选项是A项。12. 单选题You will have to change your of life now that you have got a baby.问题1选项A.modeB.moundC.moodD.form【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项mode n.模式，方式，风格；B选项mound n. 高地；土堆；土丘；C选项mood n.语气，情绪，心境；D选项form n.形式，形态，模式，表格。根据句意，现在有了孩子就应该改变自己的生活方式。因此正确答案为A 选项。13. 单选题If the world is to remain peaceful, the utmost effort must be made by nations to limit local _.问题1选项A.collisionsB.combatsC.contradictionsD.conflicts【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项collision“冲突，碰撞”，指物理上的碰撞；B选项combat“格斗，搏斗”；C选项contradiction“矛盾，冲突”，指观点上的冲突；D选项conflict“(武装)斗争，冲突”。根据If the world is to remain peaceful可知D选项符合语义。句意：如果世界要保持和平，各国必须尽最大努力限制地方冲突。14. 单选题They have a reciprocal loathing for each other.问题1选项A.a slight trustingB.a deep motivatingC.a mutual disgustD.a lasting fight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项a slight trusting轻微的信任；B选项a deep motivating深刻的激励；C选项 a mutual disgust相互间厌恶；D选项a lasting fight持久的斗争。根据句意可知：他们都很厌恶对方，因此选择C选项。15. 单选题Sometimes the tension produced by fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such times we need to_the tension by laughing or crying.问题1选项A.discardB.disperseC.disguiseD.discharge【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项discard v.抛弃，丢弃；B选项disperse v.分散，使散开，传播；C选项disguise v.掩饰，假装；D选项discharge v.排放，释放，卸货。根据句意可知，有时恐惧造成的紧张，我们无法自行克制，这时就需要哭泣或者怒吼来释放压力。因此，正确答案为D。16. 单选题The lions ferocious behavior was attributed to its lack of edible flesh.问题1选项A.tameB.relaxedC.savageD.fable【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。题目中ferocious表示“残忍的；惊人的；凶残的”；A选项为“驯服的；顺从的；平淡的”；B选项为“放松的，宽松的”；C选项为“野蛮的；荒凉的；凶猛的”；D选项为“寓言，童话”，不是形容词。根据句意可知，狮子的残暴行为源于缺少食用肉。因此，正确答案是C项。17. 翻译题Translate the following into English.当我们不堪重负、沮丧、失落，或因为我们认为倒霉的事总是光临我们而处于消极状态时，将这些消极的思想转变为积极的至关重要。从一件积极的小事情开始，并且一整天就一直重复想着，你将进入一个更加积极的状态，这样练下去，很快你会发现你将改变你的观点，选择快乐的生活，而不在意周围那些琐事。【答案】When we are stressed, depressed, upset, or otherwise in a negative state of mind because we perceive that “bad things” keep happening to us, it is important to shift those negative thoughts to something positive. If you start with one small, positive thing and repeat it during the course of your day, you will begin to move into a more positive situation. With practice, you will find that over time, you will change your outlook and choose to be happy, irregardless of the events around you.18. 单选题On the stage many pieces of blue silk were fluctuated to（）the sea waves问题1选项A.simplifyB.simulateC.stimulateD.signify【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项simplify v.简化，使简易；B选项simulate v.模仿，假装，冒充；C选项stimulate v.刺激，鼓舞，激发；D选项signify v.表示，意味着。句意：在舞台上，许多舞动着的蓝丝绸模拟出了海浪的景象。根据句意，本题选择B项正确。19. 单选题As the manager was away on a business trip, I was asked to_the weekly staff meeting.问题1选项A.presideB.introduceC.chairD.dominate【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项preside“主持，指挥”，为不及物动词，后面常接over；B选项introduce“介绍”；C选项chair“担任主席，主持(会议、讨论等)”，为及物动词；D选项dominate“支配，控制”。句意：经理出差了，我被要求主持每周的员工会议。20. 单选题Once it was possible to define male and female roles easily by the division of labor. Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles. But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.In the 1950s, economic and social success was the goal of the typical American. But in the 1960s a new force developed called the counterculture. The people involved in this movement did not value the middle-class American goals. The counterculture presented men and women with new role choices. Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes. In addition, many Americans did not value the traditional male role of soldier. Some young men refused to be drafted as soldiers to fight in the war in Vietnam.In terms of numbers, the counterculture was not a very large group of people. But its influence spread to many parts of American society. Working men of all classes began to change their economic and social patterns. Industrial workers and business executives alike cut down on “overtime” work so that they could spend more leisure time with their families. Some doctors, lawyers, and teachers turned away from high paying situations to practice their professions in poorer neighborhoods.In the 1970s, the feminist movement, or womens liberation, produced additional economic and social changes. Women of all ages and at all levels of society were entering the work force in greater numbers. Most of them still took traditional womens jobs as public school teaching, nursing, and secretarial work. But some women began to enter traditionally male occupations: police work, banking, dentistry, and construction work. Women were asking for equal work, and equal opportunities for promotion.Today the experts generally agree that important changes are taking place in the roles of men and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.and women. Naturally, there are difficulties in adjusting to these transformations.1. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 1?2. Which sentence best expresses the main idea of Paragraph 2?3. In the passage the author proposes that the counterculture_.4. It could be inferred from the passage that_.5. The best title for the passage may be_.问题1选项A.Women usually worked outside the home for wages.B.Men and womens roles were easily exchanged in the past.C.Mens roles at home were more firmly fixed than womens.D.Men and womens roles were usually quite separated in the past.问题2选项A.The first sentence.B.The second and the third sentences.C.The fourth sentence.D.The last sentence.问题3选项A.destroyed the United StatesB.transfonned some American valuesC.was not important in the United StatesD.brought people more leisure time with their families问题4选项A.men and women will never share the same goalsB.some men will be willing to exchange their traditional male rolesC.most men will be happy to share some of the household responsibilities with their wivesD.more American households are headed by women than ever before问题5选项A.Results of Feminist MovementsB.New influence in American LifeC.Counterculture and Its consequenceD.Traditional Division of Male and Female Roles【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由文章第一段中Men worked outside the home and earned the income to support their families, while women cooked the meals and took care of the home and the children. These roles were firmly fixed for most people, and there was not much opportunity for women to exchange their roles.（男人在外面工作，挣的钱养家，而女人做饭，照顾家里和孩子。这些角色对大多数人来说是固定不变的，妇女没有机会交换她们的角色）可知过去男女的分工明确，角色相对固定，因此选D。2.主旨大意题。文章第二段主要讲述了反主流文化对男女分工角色的影响，再根据第一段最后一句中But by the middle of this century, mens and womens roles were becoming less firmly fixed.（但是到了本世纪中叶，男性和女性的角色越来越不固定）可知C选项最符合题意。A选项“在20世纪50年代，经济和社会的成功是典型的美国人的目标”；B选项“但是在20世纪60年代，一支新的力量被称为反文化。参与这场运动的人并不重视美国中产阶级的目标；C选项“反主流文化为男性和女性提供了新的角色选择”；D选项“一些年轻男性拒绝应征当兵参加越南战争”。3.推理判断题。由文章第三段中But its influence spread to many parts of American society（但它的影响却蔓延到美国社会的许多方面）可推测反主流文化改变了美国的一些价值观，因此选B。4.推理判断题。由文章第二段中Taking more interest in childcare, men began to share child-raising tasks with their wives. In fact, some young men and women moved to communal homes or farms where the economic and childcare responsibilities were shared equally by both sexes.（由于对育儿更感兴趣，男人们开始和妻子分担抚养孩子的任务。事实上，一些年轻男女搬进了公共住宅或农场，在那儿双方共同承担经济和抚养孩子的责任）可推测C选项“大多数男人都很乐意和妻子分担一些家务”符合题意。5.主旨大意题。文章第一段讲述了过去社会男女分工明确，角色固定；第二三段讲述了反主流文化以及它的影响；第四段讲述了女权运动给美国社会和经济带来的变化；最后一段简单概括男女地位的变化与转变中的困难。因此B选项“美国生活的新影响”符合题意。