2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷88

2022年考博英语-西北师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The central provinces have floods in some years, and（ ）.问题1选项A.drought s in othersB.droughts are othersC.while other droughtsD.others in drought【答案】A【解析】考查并列结构。句意：中部各省有些年遭受洪涝，有些年遭受干旱。and连接两个并列的成分，因后面没有谓语，说明二者的谓语相同，都是have，那么填入的内容就应该与floods in some years并列，drought in others中others指代years，表示“另一些年遭受干旱”。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题India is a country whose population（ ）that of China.问题1选项A.is first exceptB.has second place toC.is second only toD.come second following【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：印度是人口仅次于中国的国家。be second only to是固定搭配，意思是“仅次于”，没有A，B，D的搭配用法。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题If it（ ）too much trouble, Id love a cup of coffee.问题1选项A.hadnt beenB.isntC.werentD.may not be【答案】B【解析】考查时态。句意：如果不是很麻烦，我想要来杯咖啡。本题的would是一种委婉、礼貌的语气，表示请求，所以if从句是一个真实条件句，不是虚拟语气，直接用一般现在时，因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Sadly, as spending on private gardens has（ ）, spending on public parks has generally declined.问题1选项A.heightenedB.liftedC.flownD.soared【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项heightened“提高”；B选项lifted“举起”；C选项flown“飞行”；D选项soared“飙升”。句意：遗憾的是，在私人花园的花费飙升的同时，公共公园的花费却普遍下降。本句表示花费飙升，因此D选项正确。5. 单选题In 1938 Pearl S. Buck became the first American woman（ ）the Nobel Prize for Literature.问题1选项A.receivingB.receivedC.who receivesD.to receive【答案】D【解析】考查后置定语。句意：1938年，赛珍珠成为第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖的美国女性。现在分词作定语，应该与被修饰词woman有主谓关系，表示正在进行，时态不符，排除A；过去分词作定语表示被动，woman与receive应该是主动关系，排除B；定语从句修饰woman应该是过去式，排除C。名词词组the first + n.的后置定语必须使用不定式，因此D选项正确。6. 单选题In most of the human civilization of which we have any proper records, youth has drawn on either art or life for models, planning to emulate the heroes depicted in epics on the shadow play screen or the stage, or those known human beings, fathers or grandfathers, chiefs or craftsmen, whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated. As recently as 1910, this was the prevailing condition in the United States. If he came from a nonliterate background, the recent immigrant learned to speak, move, and think like an American by using his eyes and ears on the labor line and in the homes of more acculturated cousins, by watching school children, or by absorbing the standards of the teacher, the foreman, the clerk who served him in the store. For the literate and the literate children of the nouliterate, there was artthe story of the frustrated artist in the prairie town, of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first. And at a simpler level, there were the Western and Hollywood fairy tales which pointed a moral but did not, as a rule, teach table manners.With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the “accurate”, “checked” details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for “human documents” in Depression daysa necessary substitute for proletarian art among middle class writers who knew nothing about proletarians, and middleclass readers who needed the shock of verisimilitudea new era in American life was ushered in, the era in which young people imitated neither life nor art nor fairy tale, but instead were presented with models drawn from life with minimal but crucial distortions. Doctored life histories, posed carelessness, “candid” shots of people in their own homes which took hours to arrange, pictures shot from real life to scripts written months before supplemented by national polls and surveys which assured the reader that this bobby soxer did indeed represent a national norm or a growing trendreplaced the older models.1.This article is based on the idea that（ ）.2.Stories of the second generation battling against the limitations of the first were often responsible for（ ）.3.The countermovement against Hollywood was a movement（ ）.4.The author attributes the change in attitudes since 1910 to（ ）.5.The word “distortions” at the end of the 1st sentence in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to（ ）.问题1选项A.people today no longer follow modelsB.people attach little importance to whoever they followC.people generally pattern their lives after modelsD.people no longer respect heroes问题2选项A.inspiring literate immigrantsB.frustrating educated immigrantsC.preventing the assimilation of immigrantsD.instilling into immigrants an antagonistic attitude toward their forebears问题3选项A.toward realismB.toward fantasyC.against the teaching of moralsD.away from realism问题4选项A.a logical evolution of ideasB.widespread moral decayC.the influence of the pressD.a philosophy of plenty问题5选项A.presentationsB.misinterpretationsC.influencesD.limitations【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句In most of the human civilization of which we have any proper records, youth has drawn on either art or life for models, planning to emulate the heroes depicted in epics on the shadow play screen or the stage, or those known human beings, fathers or grandfathers, chiefs or craftsmen, whose every characteristic can be studied and imitated.（在我们有记录的大多数人类文明中，青年都以艺术或生活为范本，计划模仿在皮影戏屏幕或舞台上演出的史诗中描绘的英雄，或那些有名的人类、父辈或祖辈、酋长或工匠，他们的每一个特征都可以研究和模仿。），说明有史以来年轻人都会将各种各样的人作为偶像来模仿，整篇文章都是围绕着这个观点展开论述的。因此C选项“人们通常会模仿偶像的生活”正确。A选项“今天的人们不再模仿偶像”，由原文可知，现在这还是美国的普遍情况，所以A错误。B选项“人们对模仿的人都不重视”，D选项“人们不再尊重英雄”在文中没有提及，所以B，D错误。2.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段倒数第二句For the literate and the literate children of the nouliterate, there was artthe story of the frustrated artist in the prairie town, of the second generation battling with the limitations of the first.（对于努士人的文人和文人子女来说，有艺术的故事在大草原城镇失意的艺术家的故事，第二代人与第一代人的局限性斗争的故事。），说第二代移民艺术家努力克服父辈缺陷的故事是用来激励移民变得有文化。因此A选项“激励有文化的移民”正确。B选项“使受过教育的移民感到失望”，C选项“防止移民的同化问题”，D选项“向移民灌输对其祖先的敌视态度”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the “accurate”, “checked” details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for “human documents” in Depression daysa necessary substitute for proletarian art among middle class writers who knew nothing about proletarians, and middleclass readers who needed the shock of verisimilitudea new era in American life was ushered in（随着反好莱坞运动的发展，随着摄影的兴起，随着时代-生活-财富式的报道，以及纽约客用死板的方式描述一个被遗忘的街道上的旧衣商的生活，或者说是用“准确”的方式来呈现，“检查”了一些人的生活细节，这些人的显赫地位给了至少一种许可攻击他们，随着大萧条时期对“人类文献”的热情在对无产阶级一无所知的中产阶级作家和需要真实性冲击的中产阶级读者中，这是无产阶级艺术的必要替代物美国生活迎来了一个新的时代。），说明在反对好莱坞的运动中，真实的现实生活被呈现出来，开启了美国的新时代。因此A选项“走向现实主义”正确。B选项“走向幻想”，C选项“违背道德教育”，D选项“脱离现实主义”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段第一句With the development of the countermovement against Hollywood, with the efflorescence of photography, with Time-Life-Fortune types of reporting and the dead-pan New Yorker manner of describing the life of an old-clothes dealer in a forgotten street or of presenting the “accurate”, “checked” details of the lives of people whose eminence gave at least a sort of license to attack them, with the passion for “human documents” in Depression days（随着反好莱坞运动的发展，随着摄影的兴起，随着时代-生活-财富式的报道，以及纽约客用死板的方式描述一个被遗忘的街道上的旧衣商的生活，或者说是用“准确”的方式来呈现，“检查”了一些人的生活细节，这些人的显赫地位给了至少一种许可攻击他们，随着大萧条时期对“人类文献”的热情），说明1910年以来人们态度变化的原因是多种多样的。因此D选项“丰富的理论”正确。A选项“思想的逻辑演变”，B选项“普遍的道德败坏”，C选项“新闻界的影响”均不符合题意，所以A，B，C错误。5.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段倒数第二句the era in which young people imitated neither life nor art nor fairy tale, but instead were presented with models drawn from life with minimal but crucial distortions.（在这个时代，年轻人既不模仿生活，也不模仿艺术或童话，他们看到的是生活中的偶像，这些偶像就没有受到关键的扭曲。），说明在反好莱坞运动中，年轻人不再模仿生活中、或艺术及电影中的偶像，而是看到了真正来自于生活的没有被扭曲的偶像人物，此处“distortions”指的是偶像人物被误解。所以B选项“误解”正确。A选项“介绍”，C选项“影响”，D选项“限制”均不符合题意，所以A，C，D错误。7. 单选题We have taken all the（ ）we can against the painting being stolen.问题1选项A.precautionsB.admissionsC.concessionsD.transactions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precautions“预防措施”；B选项admissions“许可”；C选项concessions“让步”；D选项transactions“交易”。句意：我们已采取了一切可能的预防措施以防那幅画被盗。本句表示采取预防措施。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题Astronomers at the University of California discovered one of the most distant（ ）.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.paradisesC.galaxiesD.shuttles【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradoxes“自相矛盾的事物”；B选项paradises“天堂”；C选项galaxies“星系”；D选项shuttles“班车”。句意：加利福尼亚大学的天文学家发现了一个最遥远的星系。本句表示天文学家发现星系，因此C选项正确。9. 单选题Do help yourself to some fruit,（ ）you?问题1选项A.cantB.dontC.wouldntD.wont【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：吃点水果，好吗？前半部分是表示邀请、提供对对方有益的行为等的祈使句时，反问一般用will，上文为肯定语气，故反问部分用否定形式wont。因此D选项正确。10. 单选题Although many experts agree that more children are overweight, there is debate over the best ways to（ ）the problem.问题1选项A.relateB.tackleC.fileD.attach【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项relate“关联”；B选项tackle“处理”；C选项file“提出”；D选项attach“附加”。句意：尽管许多专家一致认为有更多的儿童超重，但是对于解决这个问题的最佳方法还存在争议。本句表示解决儿童超重问题的方法，因此B选项正确。11. 单选题The modern world only recently reached the Yanomano, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest, the Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early 1980s, the population fell 20 per cent.Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry. They dont use the wheel and the only metal they use is what has been traded to them by outsiders. When a Yanomano dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead.A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction. “The Yanomano is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease,” the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomano were isolated from modern society.They occupy dense jungle north of the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthropologists (人类学家) as neo-Indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8,000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, built around a central square.Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase ones wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land. These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.Each Yanomano man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grow plantains, a type of banana eaten cooked, and hunt game animals, fish and anaconda (南美热带蟒蛇) using bows and arrows.1.Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who（ ）.2.The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the worlds（ ）.3.Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report?4.（ ）caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars.5.We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because（ ）.问题1选项A.sheltered in thick rainforestB.would not leave their jungle homelandC.lived a self-contained existenceD.would stand in their way问题2选项A.most primitive peopleB.most backward peopleC.most advanced peopleD.oldest people问题3选项A.In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction.B.In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction.C.In South America, the Yanomano can survive extinction.D.In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction.问题4选项A.The shortage of women resulting from polygamyB.The difference in wealth resulting from polygamyC.The shortage of women resulting from monogamyD.The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy问题5选项A.it is a culturally most intact peopleB.it is a primitive people deep in jungleC.it is a native people of the Amazon basinD.it is primitive people in danger of disappearing【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Miners”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way.（矿工们涌进森林，砍伐树木，带来疾病，射杀那些不愿让路的雅诺玛诺人。），说明矿工射杀的是那些不愿意让出道路的雅诺玛诺人。因此D选项“会挡住他们的路”正确。A选项“躲在茂密的雨林中”，B选项“不会离开自己的丛林家园”，C选项“过着自给自足的生活”均不是矿工射杀他们的理由，所以A，B，C错误。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Hands Around the World”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world.（美国土著文化协会Hands Around the World表示，雅诺玛诺人被认为是世界上文化最完整的民族。），说明雅诺玛诺人有史以来的原始文化都保存得很完整。因此A选项“最原始的民族”正确。B选项“最落后的民族”，C选项“最先进的民族”，D选项“最古老的民族”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“report”可以定位到文章第三段，第三段第一句说到in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction.（在南美洲，不仅文化和传统面临消失的危险，一些部落也面临灭绝的危险。），说明南美洲的文化、传统和一些部落正处于消失的边缘，所以A选项“在南美洲，文化正处于消亡的边缘”，B选项“在南美洲，传统正处于消亡的边缘”，D选项“在南美洲，有些部落濒临灭绝”表述符合原文，排除A，B，D。第三段第二句说到The Yanomano is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease（雅诺玛诺人是一个著名的部落，由于西方疾病的破坏，这个部落的成员正在迅速流失。），说明雅诺玛诺人很难存活下来。因此C选项“在南美洲，雅诺玛诺人可以在消亡中幸存下来”表述不符合原文，本题选C。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“inter-tribal wars”可以定位到文章第五段Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.（虽然许多雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，但他们有两个或更多的妻子并不罕见这些婚姻导致了可供其他男人结婚的女性的短缺，从而导致了部落间的战争。），说明雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，引发战争的原因是这种婚姻导致的女性短缺。因此C选项“一夫一妻制造成的女性短缺问题”正确。A选项“一夫多妻制造成的女性短缺问题”，B选项“一夫多妻制导致的财富差异问题”，D选项“一夫一妻制导致的财富差异问题”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。5.推理判断题。由全文可以得知，雅诺玛诺人是一个濒临灭绝的民族，所以需要保护。因此D选项“是濒临消失的原始民族”正确。A选项“是一个文化上最完整的民族”，B选项“是丛林深处的原始民族”，C选项“是亚马孙流域的土著民族”虽然表述正确，但不是雅诺玛诺人需要保护的理由，所以A，B，C错误。12. 单选题There is no（ ）evidence that people can control their dreams, at least in experimental situations in a lab.问题1选项A.rigidB.solidC.smoothD.harsh【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigid“严格的”；B选项solid“可靠的”；C选项smooth“光滑的”；D选项harsh“严酷的”。句意：没有确凿的证据表明人们可以控制自己的梦，至少在实验室的实验情况下是这样。本句表示可靠确凿的证据。因此B选项正确。13. 单选题The old paper mill has been（ ）to make way for a new shopping center.问题1选项A.held downB.kept downC.cut downD.turn down【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项held down“抑制”；B选项kept down“控制”；C选项cut down“削减”；D选项turn down“推倒”。句意：旧造纸厂已被拆除，以便腾出地方建一个新的购物中心。本句表示拆除旧造纸厂，因此D选项正确。14. 单选题There（ ）nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.问题1选项A.to beB.to have beenC.beingD.be【答案】C【解析】考查原因状语。句意：由于没有什么可讨论的了，会议提前半小时结束了。因前后两部分之间没有连接词，所以可以确定前半句为独立主格结构，there being是存在句的非限定形式，在句中表示原因状语。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题We realized that he was under great（ ）, so we took no notice of his bad temper.问题1选项A.excitementB.stressC.crisisD.nervousness【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项excitement“兴奋”；B选项stress“压力”；C选项crisis“危机”；D选项nervousness“紧张”。句意：我们知道他压力很大，所以我们没在意他的坏脾气。A，C，D都不能与under搭配，只有under great stress为固定搭配，表示“在巨大的压力下”。因此B选项正确。16. 单选题Some parents did not appear（ ）their children to summer schools.问题1选项A.to favor to sendB.to favor sendingC.favoring to sendD.that they favor to send【答案】B【解析】考查动词搭配辨析。appear后面接不定式，appear to do，好像做了某事，排除C；favor后面接动名词，favor doing sth.，喜欢、赞成做某事，排除A，D。句意：一些家长似乎不赞成把孩子送到暑期学校。因此B选项正确。17. 单选题Although they lost their jobs, savings and unemployment benefits allow the couple to（ ）their comfortable home.问题1选项A.come in forB.catch up withC.look forward toD.hold on to【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项come in for“受到”；B选项catch up with“赶上”；C选项look forward to“期待”；D选项hold on to“维持”。句意：虽然他们失去了工作，但储蓄和失业救济使这对夫妇能够继续维持他们舒适的家庭。本句表示维持家庭，因此D选项正确。18. 单选题Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own.（1）the turn of the century when jazz was born, America had no prominent（2）of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was（3）, or by whom. But it began to be（4）in the early1900s. Jazz is Americas contribution to（5）music. In contrast to classical music, which（6）formal European traditions, jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, （7）the moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz（8）like America, and（9）it does today. The（10）of this music are as interesting as the music（11）. American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the jazz（12）. They were brought to Southern States（13）slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long（14）. When a Negro died his friend and relatives（15）a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the（16）. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion. （17）on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their（18）, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played（19）music, improvising on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes（20）at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of jazz.问题1选项A.ByB.AtC.InD.On问题2选项A.musicB.songC.melodyD.style问题3选项A.discoveredB.actedC.inventedD.designed问题4选项A.noticedB.foundC.listenedD.heard问题5选项A.classicalB.sacredC.popularD.light问题6选项A.formsB.followsC.approachesD.introduces问题7选项A.expressingB.explainingC.exposingD.illustrating问题8选项A.appearedB.feltC.seemedD.sounded问题9选项A.asB.soC.eitherD.neither问题10选项A.originsB.originalsC.discoveriesD.resources问题11选项A.concernedB.itselfC.availableD.oneself问题12选项A.playersB.followersC.fansD.pioneers问题13选项A.forB.asC.withD.by问题14选项A.monthsB.weeksC.hoursD.times问题15选项A.demonstratedB.composedC.hostedD.formed问题16选项A.demonstrationB.processionC.bodyD.march问题17选项A.EvenB.ThereforeC.FurthermoreD.But问题18选项A.numberB.membersC.bodyD.relations问题19选项A.sadB.solemnC.happyD.funeral问题20选项A.whistledB.sungC.presentedD.showed【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:A第10题:A第11题:B第12题:D第13题:B第14题:C第15题:D第16题:B第17题:D第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】1.考查介词辨析。A选项 By“通过”；B选项At“在时”；C选项In“在里面”；D选项On“在上面”。at the turn of the century表示的是“在本世纪初”这一具体时间，只有at符合。句意：在爵士乐诞生的世纪之交。因此B选项符合题意。2.考查名词辨析。A选项 music“音乐”；B选项song“歌曲”；C选项melody“旋律”；D选项style“风格”。根据上文所说的大多数国家都有自己的音乐风格“style”，而美国却没有自己突出的，后面也应该是风格。句意：美国没有自己的突出风格。因此D选项符合题意。3.考查动词辨析。A选项 discovered“发现”；B选项acted“行动”；C选项invented“发明”；D选项designed“设计”。句意：没有人知道爵士乐是什么时候发明的，由谁发明的。因此C选项符合题意。4.考查动词辨析。A选项noticed“注意”；B选项found“找到”；C选项listened“听”，后面需接介词to；D选项heard“听到”。句意：它是在20世纪初开始被