公路工程专业词汇翻译(汉英)

公路道路公路工程n g公路网公路网密度公路等级io n公路自然区划h w a y公路用地y高速公路等级公路ghway辅导干线公路支线公路专用公路国家干线公路（国道）a y省级干线公路（省道）y县公路（县道）乡公路（乡道）辐射式公路 环形公路 绕行公路 交通结构 交通组成 混合交通 交通流 交通流理论 车流 交通密度 车头间距 车头时距 车间净距 延误 地点速度 行驶速度 运行速度 临界速度 平均速度计算行车速度（设计车速交通量 年平均日交通量t r a ffi c月平均日交通量1 y tra f fic年第 3 0位最大小时交通量t hirti e th highest年最大小时交通量设计小时交通量通行能力 基本通行能力 可能通行能力设计通行能力道路服务水平公路交通规划交通调查交通量调查ey交通量观测站起迄点调查（OD调查）study出行境内交通过境交通交通发生交通分布t ion交通分配ignmen t交通预测行车道分离式行车道a y车道变速车道ne加速车道a ne减速车道爬坡车道停车道错车道自行车道路侧人行道分隔带中央分隔带中间带路肩路缘带h i g hw a y roadhig h w a y en g i n ee rih i gh w a y ne t wor k highwa y density h igh way c lassif i ca tcl i mati c zoni n g for highighwa y r i g ht of wafree wa y c las s i f i ed hir e lie f r oadar t erial hig h w a yf eeder highw a yacod a ti o n highwa y nat i o n al t r u nk h i gh wpr o vincial trunk hi g hw acount y r o ad tow n shi p r o adr a dial h i g hw a yr in g hig h wayb yp a s str a ffic structu r e traffic posit i on mixe d traf f ic traf f i c f 1 ow traffi c flow theory v e hicle s tream traf fi c de n s itysp ace headwaytime h e ad w ayv ehicu 1 ar g ap d elayspo t sp eed r un n ing speed poeratin g spe ed cr it ical s peed a verage spee d)d e s ign s p eed tra f fic v olumeannual a v e ra g e dailym on t hly aver age daiannual h o urly volumemaxim u m annualhourlydes ign h ourly v o 1 umet raffic ca p a c i t y basi c traffic ca p acit y p os s i b le traffi c c apacityde s ign traff i c cap a c ity level o f s ervicet r affi c p 1 anningtr a ffic su r v e y traffic vol u me sur vt raff i c vol u me observ a t ion s tation or i g i n-dest i na t iontr i p1 o c al t r aff i c through tr a ffi c traffic g en e rat i on t r aff i c distributraffic asstraffi c pro g no s isc a r r i a gew a ydi v i d e d ca r riag e wlane5 p eed-c hange 1 aa ccel era ti o n 1d e cele r ation l a ne c 1 i mbing lanepar kin g lane t ur n -out la n e c yc 1 e p ath sidewal k1 a ne sepe r a t o r med i an d i vider ce n tra 1 strip s h o u lde r ;vergem a r g i nal s t r ip路缘石ke r b;c u rb道口railroad grade侧向余宽lateral clea r a ncec ro s sing路拱camb er; cro w n平面交叉a t -grade inte r s ec t i o路拱横坡公路建筑限界crow n s lo p en ;gra de c ro s s i ngcl e aranc e of正交叉righ t -a n gle intersec thighwa yi o n公路路线high way r oute斜交叉s k ew int e r secti o n公路线形high way a l i环形交叉r o t ar y i n ters e c t ignmenton平面线形ho r izontal align m十字形交叉+ “in t e r s e ct i onen tT 形交叉T intersecti o n纵面线形vertica 1 a 1 ignme错位交叉offse t inters e c tion;s t a gg e rn te d j u nc t ion线形要素a lignmen t e 1Y形父叉Y intersectio nemen t s立体交叉grade separation平曲线h o r i z ontal cu r ve分离式立体交叉simpl e g rade s eparati o极限最小平曲线半径limited min i mum ra dn , separ a te grade cr o ssin giu s of horizon tainte r change互通式立体交叉1 c urve首蓿叶形立体交叉full c 1 ov e rleaf i nter c复曲线p o u nd c u r vehange反向曲线rever s e cu rv e部分首蓿叶形立体交叉cl o v e rleaf interchange断背曲线b roken-back curve菱形立体交叉diamond int e r ch a ng e回头曲线sw i t ch b ac k定向式立体交叉d i rectional in t e r c hancu r v eg e缓与曲线transi t ion c u rv e喇叭形立体交叉three-le g interch a nge竖曲线v erti c al cur v e环形立体交叉r o t a ry inter change弯道加宽cur v e widening匝道r am p加宽缓与段t a a n si t ion z one o f交叉口road c r o ssi ng ; intcu rvee r s ec t ion超高s u per e l e vati o n交叉口进口inte r se ctio n entr a nce超高缓与段sup e re le v ation r u n of f交叉口出口i n te r s e c tion exit纵坡10ng itudinal grad i ent加铺转角式交叉口in t ersection wi t h wide最大纵坡maximu m 10 n gitudin a lned c o r n e rs flare d inte r sec ti o ng r a die n t拓宽路口式交叉口最小纵坡m i n imu m o n gitudina分道转弯式交叉口ch annelized i ntersection1 gra d ient渠化交通ch ann e 1 i zati o n变坡点gra d e ch a n g e poi n交织weavi n gt交织路段weaving section平均纵坡a v er a g e g rad i an t合流c onve r ging坡长限制grade leng t h limi t at i on分流diver g in g高原纵坡拆减hig h land grad e p冲突点c onf 1 i c t pointensation交通岛t r affic i s land缓与坡段trans i tio n g r ading zone导流岛c h a n ne 1 izati o n i合成坡度r e sult a nt g r adents land视距s i ght d ist a nce中心岛c en t ral islan d停车视距non -pas s in g sight d i安全岛refuge i s 1 astan c e ;n dstop p in g s i gh t distanc e沿线设施r o ads i de fac i l i tie超车视距passing sig h t d i st a nces道路交叉r oad i n tersec t i on;交通安全设施t a aff i c sa f etydevice地貌topogra p h ie fca人行横道cr o sswal kt ur e人形地道pedestri a n un d地物cu 1 tureerpas地形topography人形天桥pede s t r ian overcro台地t e rraces sin g垭口pass; saddle护栏g u ard f en c eback防护栅g uard f en c e,safety b平原区plain terraina rri e r微丘区ro 1 l i ng遮光栅anti-dizzling scre e nterrain应急电话em e rge n c y重丘区hilly terraintelephone山岭区m o u n ta i nous反光标志refl e cti v e signte r ra i n反光路钮ref 1 e c t i v e b u沿溪线v a 1 le y linetton山脊线ri d ge line弯道反光镜traffi c mirror山坡线hil 1 - s i de line道路交通标志roa d traffi c sig n越岭线rid g e crossing警告标志w arning sign1 in e禁令标志r e gul a tory sign土方调配cu t -f i ll transition指示标志g uid e s ign土方调配图c ut-fill tran s itio n p rog指路标志in f o r m a tio n signram辅助标志au x iliar y s i g n土方调配经济运距economica 1 h auli n gdi可变信息标志ch a ngeabl e m essages t a n cesign导线t r a ver s e路面标线pavemen t mark导线测量tr a ve r s e sur v eyi ng中线cen ter l i ne防雪设施snow protect i on fa c中线测量cente r line surv e yilit ie s施工测量constru c t i on su r vey防沙设施fac isand s p ro t e cti o n竣工测量final su r v eylities（路线 ）平面图p 1 an隔音墙ac o us t ic b ar r i e交点inte r sect i o n p o intr虚交点i m a gina r y in t er停车场parkin g ar e asection poin t踏勘reconnaissan转点turning pointc e转角int e rsection an g le可行性研究fea s ibili t y s tud y方位角azimu t h angle线形设计highway alignmen t象限角b earingdes ign方向角d irection angle公路景观设计h i ghwa y la n d scape切线长t a ngen t lengt hd esi g n曲线长cu r ve 1 eng t h选线ro u te selecti o n外（矢）距external secan t路线控制点control point测站in s trume n t stat i on定线location测点obse r vat i on point比较线a 1 t er na t i ve l中桩c enter s t akei ne加桩add iti o na 1 s ta k e展线lin e d evel o pme护桩refere n ce staken t断链broken ch a i nage初测pre li m in a ry水准测量level 1 i ng su r veysu rvey水准点benc h mark定测lo c a tio n su r vey绝对基面absol u t e d atum高程elevati o n（边）坡脚toe of slop e地面高程ground ele v ation护坡道b e r m设计高程de si g n e d e levati0边坡平台plain s tage o f s lo pne（路线）纵断面图p r o fi 1 e碎落台berm at t h e foo t o中桩填挖高度cu t a nd fill at c ef cu t tin g slopenter s t a ke护坡slop e p rotectio n地形测量-th74topogra p hic su r vey挡土墙r etaining wall基线base line重力式挡土墙g ravi t y retaining地形图t op o g r ap h ic mapwa 1 1等高线c o n to u r lin e，+h r 【士bal a n c e wei g ht r e横重式挡土墙横断面测量c ross sect i ona 1 surVtaining walley悬臂式挡土墙ca n t ileve r reta i ning横断面图cross-s e ctionw al 1坑探pit test扶壁式挡土墙count er fort ret钻探bo r i n gaining w a ll摄影测量p h otogr a mme try柱板式挡土墙column-p late r e taini航空摄影测量ae r ial p hotogr a m m e t ryn g wall地面立体摄影测量grou n d ste r eop h o t og锚杆式挡土墙a n chor e d re t aini n g wal 1r am m et r yby t i e rods地面控制点测量ground co n tr o l-points锚碇板式挡土墙a n chore d b u lkh e a d re turv e yaini n g wal 1航摄基线a e rop h oto b a se石笼roc k f i lle d gabi影像地图pho t o g r aphico nmap抛石r iprap像片索引图（镶辑复照图）photo index路基排水sub g rade d r a i nag航摄像片判读aero phot o inte rpree ta t io n边沟sid e ditch综合法测图p 1 a ni m a tric截水沟inte rcepting d i tphotoch全能法测图univer sal p h oto排水沟drainage d it c h微分法测图dif f ere n t ia 1p急流槽c h u teh o to跌水d rop water像片镶嵌图photo m o sai c蒸发池eva p or a t ion pond路基subgrad e盲沟blind dra i n路堤em b ank m ent渗水井seepag e wel 1路堑c u tting透水路堤p erm e ab 1 e半填半挖式路基part cut- p artfi 1 lsuembankmentb grade过水路面ford台口式路基benc h e ds填方fillubgrade挖方cu t路基宽度w i dth of su bgrad借土b orrow earthe弃土wa s te路基设计高程design el e v ati o nof取土坑b o rrow p itsub g rad e弃土堆wast e bank（路基 ）最小填土高度m i ni m um heig h t of fil 1回填土back -f i 1 li n g边坡s i de slope黄土lo e ss边坡坡度g rade o f side软土so f t soils lope淤泥mud（边）坡顶t o p of s 1 ope泥沼moor泥炭p e at次高级路面su b high t yp e pavem盐渍土salty soile nt膨胀土e xp a n sive soil中级路面int e rmediate type p a ve冻土f roze n so ilm ent流砂q ui c k s and低级路面low type pavemen t软弱地基s o ft groun d水泥混凝土路面cement co ncr e t e pa强夯法dynamic c ons o l i datio nv ement预压法pr e l o ading metho d沥青路面b i tu m i n ous反压护道lo a d ing be rmpavement砂井sand d rai n沥青混凝土路面bitum i n ou s con c ret e路基沙垫层sand mat of subg r a d ep avem e nt压实pa c tion沥青碎石路面bitumin o us m acad a m压实度de g r e e o f pac tpav e mention沥青贯入碎（砾）石路面 b itumi n o us penetr a t（标准）最大干容重maximum d ry un i t weioni ghtpav eme n t相对密实度r elat i v e densi t y沥青表面处治b i t u m i n ous su r face t毛细水capill ary waterr e a tme n t土石方爆破blastin g c r a te r块料路面bloc k p avemen t抛掷爆破b last ing for thr o wing石块路面stone blockrockpavem e nt爆破漏斗bias ting c rater泥结碎石路面c 1 ay-bou n d macadam松动爆破bla s tin g f or loo spave m entenin g roc k水结碎石路面w a t e - - b oun d m ac a dam爆破作用圈a c ting cir e les of b lastinpavementg级配路面g ra d e d agg r eg a te路面p a v e m en tp a v em e nt弹性层状体系理论e 1 astic m ulti 1 ayer theory稳定土基层s t a bilize d soil bas（回弹）弯沉deflectio ne course加州承载比（CBR）Ca 1 if o rn i a bear in工业废渣基层ind u s t r i al waste baseg r atio(CB R )c o urse路面宽度widt h of pav e men t块石基层t elfor d ba s e路槽road t r ough层铺法spre a di n g in la yers刚性路面rigid p avement拌与法mixing m eth o d柔性路面flexi b le pa vem e nt厂拌法p 1 ant m ixi n g met h路面结构层pavement str u c t ureodlay e r路拌法road mixing m e thod面层surface c o urse热拌法hot mixin g me t h od磨耗层w earing c ou r se冷拌法co l d mixing method联结层b i n der cou r se贯入法pen etrati o n me t ho d基层base course铺砌法pi t ch i n g method垫层bed c o u rse缩缝co n t rac t io n joint隔水层a q u ita r d胀缝e xpansion j o i nt隔温层th e rm a l ins u l a t i ng真缝true j ointco u rs e假缝d u mmy join t封层seal co a t横缝transve r s e joint透层p r i me c oat纵缝l o ngitu d inal j oint保护层p r o tec t ion c o ur s e施工缝con s t ruction joint补强层str e ng t hening 1 aye r传力杆d o we 1 bar高级路面h ig h type p avement拉杆tie bar路面平整度sur f ace eve nnes sbridge路面粗糙度su rface ro u g hness桁架桥tr u s s br i dge路面摩擦系数frictio n c oeffic i ent of p a钢构桥rigi d f r a me b rid gv eme nt附着力adh e sive f orc eeT 形钢构桥T sh aped rigid frame水滑现象m enon桥梁公路桥h yd r o planing phenobri dgehigh way br i d gebr i dge连续钢构桥continuous r i g id f rame bridge斜腿钢构桥rigid fra m e bri d ge公铁两用桥ransit bridge 人形桥highway and rail tp edestria n brid g ewit h inclin e dlegs斜拉桥（斜张桥）c a ble stay e d br i d g e悬索桥su s pension bri d ge跨线桥o ve r pass bri d ge漫水桥submersi b le bridg e高架桥viaduc t浮桥pon t oo n b ridge永久性桥permanent bridge开启桥m o vable b r i d ge半永久性桥s emi-perma n e nt bridge装配式桥f a b r icate d bridge临时性桥t em p o rary b r i dge装拆式钢桥f a b r i c ate d st e e 1钢筋混凝土桥r i d ge预应力混凝土桥rein f orced co n c r e t e b pre stress e d cone retebri dge涵洞cul v ert管涵pipe culve rtbr i dge钢桥s te e l br i dg e拱涵arc h culvert箱涵box culvert圬工桥m a so nr y bridge盖板涵sla b culvert木桥timber b ridg e无压; 涵洞non-pr ess ure culvert正交桥ri g h t bridge压力涵洞p r essu r e culv e rt斜交桥sk ew bridg e半压力成涵洞partial p re s sur e culv e弯桥 坡桥curve d brid g e bridge on sloper t倒虹吸涵s iph o n c u 1 v ert斜桥sk ew bri d ge上部结构superstr u cture正桥right br i dge主梁m a in beam上承式桥de ck b ridge横梁flo o r beam中承式桥h alf-th r ough bri d ge纵梁10 ngit u d i nal b eam ,s t下承式桥 梁桥through bridgebea m b r i dger i n g e r挂梁susp end e d beam简支梁桥simple s upport e d t eam拱圈arc h , r i ngb r i dg e连续梁桥co n t inuous b eam b r id拱上结构s p a n d rel stru c t ure腹拱spa ndrel a rchg e悬臂梁桥cant i le v er b e am bri拱上侧墙s pandrel wall桥面系flo o r sy st e m, b rid g edge联合梁桥posite b e am bridgedeck i n g桥面铺装b ridg e deck pave板桥拱桥sl a b bridgearc h b r i d gem e n t伸缩缝exp a n s i o n and c双曲拱桥bridg e空腹拱桥r i d ge实腹拱桥two- w ay c u rved a r ch open sp a n dre 1 arch b f i ll e d s p andrel archontraction j o int桥面伸缩装置 b r i dge f loor e xpans i on an d con traction in s t a 1 l ati o n安全带af e ty b eltbridge系杆拱桥b owstri ng ar c h桥头搭板transition sla b at bridgehead下部结构 桥墩subs t ructure支座bea r ingpie r固定支座fixed bear i n g墩身pier body活动支座exp a nsion bear ing墩帽Co p in g索塔c able ben t tower盖梁be n t cap索鞍cabl e sad d le破冰体一r* r ,【、,l-7- u.i c e apron gravit y p ie r调治构造物regula t i ng structure spur dike重力式桥墩丁坝实体桥墩s o 1 id p ier顺坝10ngi tudinal dam空心桥墩hollow pier桥位bri d g e si t e柱式桥墩column pie r桥梁全长t o t al 1 ength o f b r排架桩墩pile b ent p i eri dg e柔性墩flexible p i e r主桥main bridg e制动墩braki n g p ier引桥app r oac h span单向推力墩sing 1 e dir e ct i o n th r跨径spa nuste d p i er桥涵计算跨径pute d span桥台a bu t m e n t桥涵净跨径c lear spa n台身a b u tment body矢跨比rise spa n rati o前墙fr o n t wal 1计算矢高c al c ula t ed rise o f a翼墙w ing w a llsr c h台帽coping桥下净空cle a ra n ce of span锥坡co nical slope桥面净空c learanc e a bo v e耳墙w i ng w al 1 sbridge floorU形桥台U -sha p ed a b u tment桥梁建筑高度co n stru c tion height of b八字形桥台flare w i ng w all abu tr idgemen t荷载load一字形桥台head wa 1 1 abutment , s t r a永久荷载permanent 1 oad-r* r ,【、,l-7- /、ight abut ment g r a v ity abutment可变荷载偶然荷载va riable 10 ad a cciden t al load重力式桥台埋置式桥台buried abu t me n t荷载组合loadin g bina t ions扶壁式桥台count erfort e d abutment车辆荷载标准1 o a din g sta n d a r d for锚锭板式桥台anchored b u l k h e ad abdesign vc h icleu tmen t设计荷载d e s i g n load支撑式桥台supported type施工荷载con s tr u ctio n l o adabutment梁b eam地基s ubs o il简支梁simple su pported beam加固地基co n sol i dat e d s u bso i l连续梁c ont i nuous beam天然地基natura 1 sub s oil悬臂梁can t i lever beam基础f oun d a ti o n板s 1 ab扩大基础spre a d foundat i o n拱a rch沉井基础open caission f oundation桁架trus s管柱基础cylin d r i c a 1 sh a ft刚构rigi d fram ef oundat i on柱co 1 u mn桩基础pile pou n da t i o n强度s tre n g th桩pile刚度st i f fness , rig idity预制桩pre c ast p i le抗裂度cr a c k resistance就地灌注桩cast-in-place conc r ete p i le稳定性sta b i 1 ity摩擦桩fric t i on pil e位移di s p 1 aceme n t支承桩bear ing pil e变形deform ation承台b e a rin g p 1 a挠度deflecti o ntform预拱度c amb e rd流域c at c h m ent ba s in集水面积runof f ar e a径流r u n off水文测验hy d r o log i cal s urvey河床r i ve r bed河槽river channel土槽main ch annel边滩sid e sh o a l河滩rlo o d la n d河床宽度b ed width河槽宽度chann e l w i dth过水断面d is c h a rge sec t i on水位water le v e l最高（或最低）水位 maximu m（mi n imum）w a ter level通航水位n a vigabl e wa t er 1 eve 1设计水位desi g nw ate r l e vel水面比降water surface slope河床比降grad i ent of ri v er be d湿周weff e d perime ter糙率coefficient ofroug h ues s水力半径h y d ra u li c radius水文计算h y d rolo g i c al p ut a ti on设计流里desi g n e d d i s ch a rge设计流速designe d fl o w v e loci t y行近流速ap p r o ach v e lo c ity洪水调查f loor survey洪水频率fl o or f r equenc y设计洪水频率des i g n ed flo o d freq u e n c y潮汐河流t i dal river悬移质s u spe nded load推移质bed m at e ria 1 10 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