2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷94（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The（ ） can help people to see very small objects.问题1选项A.metropolitanB.microphoneC.microscopeD.microware【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。metropolitan “大城市人”；microphone “扩音器”；microscope “显微镜”；microwave “微波炉”。句意：显微镜能让人看到很小的东西。选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Jack is not very decisive, and he always finds himself in a （ ）as if he doesnt know what he really wants to do.问题1选项A.fantasyB.dilemmaC.contradictionD.conflict【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想，幻觉”；dilemma“困境，进退两难”； contradiction “矛盾，否认，反驳”；conflict “冲突，斗争”。句意：杰克做事不果敢，他经常进退两难，不知道做什么。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题In the early 1990s various measures were （ ） to encourage savings, stimulate investment and motivate worker effort.问题1选项A.implementedB.impartedC.complimentedD.exploited【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。implement “实施，执行”；impart “给予”；compliment “恭维，称赞”；exploit “开发，开拓”。句意：二十世纪九十年代早期社会实施各种措施来鼓励存款，刺激投资以及激发工作的积极性。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives play （ ）roles in raising children.问题1选项A.incapableB.indispensableC.insensibleD.infinite【答案】B【解析】形容词辨析题。incapable无能力的，不能胜任的；indispensable不可缺少的；insensible昏迷的，无知觉的；infinite无限的。句意：在中国家庭中，祖父母和其他亲戚在抚养孩子方面扮演着不可或缺的角色。选项B符合句意。5. 单选题I admire her courage, compassion and （ ）to the cause of humanity, justice and peace.问题1选项A.devotionB.determinationC.oppositionD.realism【答案】A【解析】名词辨析题。devotion奉献，忠诚，热爱；determination决心，果断；opposition反对；realism现实主义。句意：我钦佩她为了人道，正义与和平所表现出来的勇气、同情心和奉献精神。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题Parks and open spaces are essential to the quality of life in dense （ ）areas such as New York City.问题1选项A.agriculturalB.ruralC.suburbanD.urban【答案】D【解析】形容词辨析题。agricultural农业的；rural乡村的；suburban郊区的；.urban城市的。句意：公园和空地对于像纽约这样人口密集的城市地区的生活质量来说是必不可少的。选项D符合语境。7. 单选题Since the two countries couldnt （ ） their differences, they decided to declare war on each other.问题1选项A.resignB.renewC.recoverD.restore【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。resign “辞职，放弃”；renew “更新”；recover “恢复”；restore “恢复，还原”。句意：由于两国不能放弃他们的不同之处，他们决定相互宣战。选项A符合题意。8. 单选题When global warming finally came, it stuck with a vengeance. In some regions, temperatures rose several degrees in less than a century. Sea levels shot up nearly 400 feet, flooding coastal settlements and forcing people to migrate inland. Deserts spread throughout the world as vegetation shifted drastically in North America, Europe and Asia. After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming: the global-warming crisis that gave rise to it happened more than 10,000 years ago.As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future, earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past and how those changes have transformed human existence. Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species. New research now suggests that climate shifts have played a key role in nearly every significant turning point in human evolution: from the dawn of primates (灵长目动物) some 65 million years ago to human ancestors rising up to walk on two legs, from the huge expansion of the human brain to the rise of agriculture. Indeed, the human history has not been merely touched by global climate change, some scientists argue, it has in some instances been driven by it.The new research has profound implications for the environmental summit in Rio. Among other things, the findings demonstrate that dramatic climate change is nothing new for planet Earth. The benign (宜人的) global environment that has existed over the past 10,000 yearsduring which agriculture, writing, cities and most other features of civilization appearedis a mere bright spot in a much larger pattern of widely varying climate over the ages. In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.1.Farming emerged as a survival strategy because man had been obliged .2.Earth scientists have come to understand that climate （ ）.3. Scientists believe that human evolution（ ）.4.Evidence of past climatic changes indicates that（ ）.5.The message the author wishes to convey in the passage is that（ ）.问题1选项A.to give up his former way of lifeB.to leave the coastal areasC.to follow the ever-shifting vegetationD.to abandon his original settlement问题2选项A.is going through a fundamental changeB.has been getting warmer for 10,000 yearsC.will eventually change from hot to coldD.has gone through periodical changes问题3选项A.has seldom been accompanied by climatic changesB.has exerted little influence on climatic changesC.has largely been affected by climatic changesD.has had a major impact on climatic changes问题4选项A.human activities have accelerated changes of Earths environmentB.Earths environment will remain mild despite human interferenceC.Earths climate is bound to change significantly in the futureD.Earths climate is unlikely to undergo substantial changes in the future问题5选项A.human civilization remains glorious though it is affected by climatic changesB.mankind is virtually helpless in the face of the dramatic changes of climateC.man has to limit his activities to slow down the global warming processD.human civilization will continue to develop in spite of the changes of nature【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:B【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据第一段的倒数第二句“After driving many of the animals around them to near extinction, people were forced to abandon their old way of life for a radically new survival strategy that resulted in widespread starvation and disease. The adaptation was farming.”在把他们周围的许多动物逼到濒临灭绝的边缘后，人们被迫放弃他们原有的生活方式，转而采用一种全新的生存战略，导致了大面积的饥饿和疾病。这种适应就是农业.由此可知，农业作为一种生存战略出现是因为人们放弃了原有的生活方式，选项A符合原文。第2题:判断推理题。题目问的是气候是如何变化的。根据关键词“earth scientists”定位到第二段的内容“Researchers have begun to piece together an illuminating picture of the powerful geological and astronomical forces that have combined to change the planets environment from hot to cold, wet to dry and back again over a time period stretching back hundreds of millions of years.”研究人员已经开始拼凑出一幅清晰的图像，阐明强大的地质和天文力量结合在一起改变了地球的环境，从热到冷，从潮湿到干燥，周而复始.这些可以追溯到数亿年前。由此可以推断，气候的变化是周期性的，阶段性的，所以选项D正确。第3题:细节事实题。根据关键词“human evolution”定位到第三段“Most importantly, scientists are beginning to realize that the climatic changes have had a major impact on the evolution of the human species.”最重要的是，科学家们开始意识到气候变化对人类物种的进化产生了重大影响。选项C符合原文。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段最后一句“In fact, the pattern of climate change in the past reveals that Earths climate will almost certainly go through dramatic changes in the futureeven without the influence of human activity.”事实上，过去的气候变化模式表明，即使没有人类活动的影响，未来的地球气候肯定也会经历巨大的变化。选项C符合原文。第5题:主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲的是气候变化对人类活动的影响。文章末尾还指出，即使没有人类活动的影响，全球气候依然会发生巨大的变化，所以作者主要强调的是：面对气候的急剧变化，人类实际上是无能为力的。选项B正确。9. 单选题A great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the （ ） of becoming white collar workers.问题1选项A.privilegeB.advantageC.profitD.preference【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。privilege “特权”；advantage “优势”；profit “利润，利益”；preference “偏爱，倾向”。句意：很多人愿意为白领阶层的优越性而放弃更高的工资。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Between 1974 and 1997, the number of overseas visitors expanded （ ）27%.问题1选项A.byB.forC.toD.in【答案】A【解析】介词辨析题。expand by“增加了”；expand for“扩展为”；expand to“增加到”；expand in“在中增加”。句意：在1974年到1997年间，海外游客的数量增加了27%。选项A符合语境。11. 单选题Jennies, the former chairman of the oil company, criticizes severely his（ ）whose false judgment led the company to bankruptcy.问题1选项A.successorB.offspringC.predecessorD.forefather【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。successor意为“接替者，继任者，接替的人或事物”；offspring意为“后代，子孙”；predecessor意为“前任，前辈”；forefather意为“祖先，祖宗”。由the former chairman（前董事长）可推测空格处指的他的继任者，因此选A。句意：前石油公司董事长詹尼尔斯严厉批评他的继任者，他的错误判断导致公司破产。12. 单选题There was a big hole in the road which （ ）the traffic.问题1选项A.set backB.stood backC.held upD.kept down【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。set back推迟，使.受挫折；stand back退后；hold up举起，阻挡，拦截；keep down控制，镇压。句意：路上有个大坑，阻碍了交通。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题I was about to （ ）a match when I remembered Toms warning.问题1选项A.rubB.hitC.scrapeD.strike【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。rub摩擦；hit打击，碰撞；scrape刮擦；strike撞击，打，擦。strike a match为固定搭配，表示“划火柴”。句意：我正要划火柴时想起了汤姆的警告。所以选项D正确。14. 单选题The secretary （ ）the foreign minister of an interview he was to give that afternoon.问题1选项A.remindedB.reassuredC.consultedD.insured【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。remind意为“提醒，使想起”，remind sb. of sth.意为“提醒某人某事”；reassure意为“使安心，打消的疑虑”；consult意为“商议，商量”；insure意为“保证”。句意：秘书提醒外交部长那天下午他要进行一次采访。15. 单选题When his contract was （ ）unexpectedly, he desperately needed a new job.问题1选项A.accomplishedB.expiredC.fulfilledD.terminated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。accomplish “完成，实现，达到”；expire “期满；终止”；fulfill “履行，实现，满足”；terminate “终止，结束”。句意：当他的合同被出乎意料地终止时，他极度需要一份新工作。选项D符合题意。16. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.” what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day.” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old boy might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology, （ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” most probably means “ （ ）”.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is（ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset but Im not to blameC.I apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.is gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attentionB.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seems【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】第1题:判断推理题。根据第二段的内容“but can render the apology ineffective.leaves the person who has been injured feeling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.”“但是”这个词会让道歉不起作用.这让受伤害的人觉得他应该为自己的错误行为道歉，而不是期待别人的道歉。根据题干意思，如果一位母亲在道歉之后加上“but”这个词， 。选项A和B均无法在原文中找到对应信息；选项C错误，这种道歉方式会让道歉无效，所以孩子并不会觉得容易接受；只有选项D“孩子可能觉得他应该向母亲道歉”符合原文，所以正确。第2题:判断推理题。根据关键句“Im sorry youre upset.”定位到第三段最后一句“this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.”这表明你允许自己因为别人的所作所为感到沮丧，自己多少也有错。潜在意思就是说，我知道你很难过，但这不应该怪我。选项B符合原文。第3题:判断推理题。根据第四段的内容“其次是笼统的一般性的道歉，它避免点明特别伤害或侮辱他人的具体行为，而且道歉的人应该承诺永远不再这样做。说“作为父母我很没用”并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步。”由此可推断，笼统的道歉并不能让一个人有任何具体的进步，所以它是无效的；而且是笼统的道歉，也就是模糊的，所以本题选C。第4题:细节事实题。根据最后一段首句“But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry.”即使孩子们看到了真诚悔悟的例子，他们仍然需要一些帮助来意识到道歉的复杂性。选项A与原文不符，所以错误；选项C太过于片面，帮助不一定来自于父母，不能只考虑这一种因素，所以选项C也错误；选项D在文中没有提及。根据下文具体的内容可知，作者是根据孩子的年龄来具体举例的，所以选项B“孩子的年龄应该被考虑进去”符合原文。第5题:判断推理题。结合原文内容可知，本文主要讲的是父母应该如何更好的道歉以便能够教会自己的孩子道歉。不涉及社会问题，所以选项A和C范围过于宽泛，不恰当；选项B很明显不符合原文；选项D“道歉并不像看起来的那么简单”符合原文，文章列举了几种道歉的表达方法并且提及道歉具有复杂性，所以选项D正确。17. 单选题As a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on （扰乱） Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward independence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy （精通技术的）workers have embraced a free market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage-twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. While pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together suggested warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles, they were young beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives alone in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult”. Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Prince Charming” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates. So relationships dont last long-if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for going dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did-give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”1.More and more young Europeans remain single because（ ）.2.What is said about European society in the passage?3.According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are（ ）.4.The author quotes Eppendorf to show that（ ）.5.What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?问题1选项A.they are driven by an overwhelming sense of individualismB.they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC.they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD.they are pessimistic about their economic future问题2选项A.It has fostered the trend towards small familiesB.It is getting closer to American-style capitalismC.It has limited consumer choice despite a free marketD.It is being threatened by irresistible privatization问题3选项A.warm and lightheartedB.on either side of marriageC.negative and gloomyD.healthy and wealthy问题4选项A.some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB.the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC.some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD.most Europeans conceive living a single life as unacceptable问题5选项A.To review the impact of women becoming high earnersB.To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualismC.To examine the trend of young people living aloneD.To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“法国社会学家发现上个世纪从家庭生活转变为个人生活是个人主义必然的一部分”（The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individualism” over last century），选项A“他们被个人主义所驱使”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“现在独居的人出现在欧洲从社会民主转向更尖锐、更个人主义的美国式资本主义期间”（The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism），选项B“它正在接近美国式资本主义”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到最新的独居者是一些三四十岁的高收入者，他们年轻、漂亮、强壮 （the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice；they were young beautiful, strong），选项D“健康的和富有的”符合题意。第4题:推理判断题。文章最后一段引用的话“我想做我想做的事情：过自主的生活”（Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life”），由此可知现代女人都期望过自主的生活，因此选项A“很多现代女人想过自由的生活”符合题意。第5题:主旨大意题。文章从一开始到结尾就是在讲述独居人群从之前的退休人群，尤其是老年妇女（pensioners, particularly elderly women）到现在的年轻的高收入者这样一个趋势，选项C“为了探究年轻人独居的趋势”符合题意。18. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would （ ）wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.ensureB.maintainC.certifyD.console【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ensure “保证，确保，使安全”；maintain “维持”；certify “证明，保证”；console “安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正匆忙进入一个空前教化的时代，在这里更好的教育、更有利的科技可以确保人们健康和有足够的休闲时间。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Her l