2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第199期

2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题（ ） for your help, wed never have been able to get over the difficulties.问题1选项A.Had it notB.If it were notC.Had it not beenD.If we had not been【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的从句可以省略if，采用倒装形式，选项C符合题意。2. 单选题Segregation made it difficult for black Americans to become （ ）into the larger middle class culture and its values.问题1选项A.anticipatedB.indulgedC.transmittedD.assimilated【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组的固定搭配。assimilated into “融入”。句意：种族隔离使得美国黑人难以融入到主流的中产阶级文化和价值观中。3. 翻译题科技进步正在使我们能够探索宇宙的边陲、物质最基本的成分及生命的奇迹。与此同时，今天，人类所做的及没能做到的事情，不仅危害到这个星球上的生命， 也危害到该星球的寿命。全球化正在使地球变得愈来愈小、愈来愈快和愈来愈富有。尽管如此，9/11、禽流 感及伊朗提醒我们，更小更快的世界决不意味着其更安全。我们正处于一个知识爆炸的世界之中，不过，迫切需要智慧。现在，在(新闻采访 的)原声摘要播出变得愈来愈短，即时信息淘汰了杂记文，个人生活变得如痴如狂之际，这个世界还是需要能够深思的大学生。考虑到这些理由，我过去信仰，而今天甚至更加强烈地信仰大学独特的、无可取代的使命。对今天许多人来说，科学家给人民的形象是他们收集数据，客观地追求真理。科学是如此受到尊重，以至在任何关于智力、教育、能源等话题的讨论中只要一 句话：“科学这样说的”就会把反对意见压下去。研究人员发现存在弄虚作假的现象，即许多科学家对所得资料加以修改，使之有利于学生本人期望的结果的倾向。【答案】The advancement of science and technology are enable us to probe the furthest reaches of the universe, the most basic constituents of matter, and the miracle of life.At the same time, today, the action and inaction of human beings threaten not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet.Globalization is making the world smaller and smaller, faster and faster. Still, 9/11, avian flu, and Iran remind us that a smaller and faster world is not necessarily a safer world.Our world is bursting with knowledge-but desperately in need of wisdom. Nowadays, when sounds bites are getting shorter, when instant messages crowd out essays, and when individual lives grow crazier, college graduates who are thoughtful are what our world needs.For all these reasons I believed, and I believe even more firmly today that the mission of the university is unique and irreplaceable.In many peoples eyes today, scientists are those who collect data and pursue truth objectively.Science is so respected that in any discussion on topics of intelligence, education and energy, the simple saying of “science says so” would suppress any dissenting opinion.Researchers discovered the existence of falsifications, which is the tendency that many scientists revise the data they have obtained, to make it favorable for their expected results.4. 单选题The New Testament was not only written in the Greek language, but ideas derived from Greek philosophy were （ ） in many parts of it.问题1选项A.criticizedB.incorporatedC.summonedD.translated【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。criticize “批评”；incorporate “包含；合并”；summon “召唤，召集”；translate “翻译，转化”。句意：新约不仅是用希腊文写的，而且它其中许多部分吸收了源于希腊哲学的思想。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The（ ） on this apartment expires in a years time.问题1选项A.treatyB.engagementC.leaseD.subsidy【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。treaty “条约”；engagement “约会；婚约”；lease “租约”；subsidy “津贴”。句意：这个公寓的租期一年后到期。选项C符合题意。6. 翻译题中国科技馆的诞生来之不易。与国际著名科技馆和其他博物馆相比，它先天有些不 足，后天也常缺乏营养，但是它成长的步伐却是坚实而有力的。它在国际上已被公认为 后起之秀。世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种生物的演化历史。第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己去动手操作，自己细心体察。这样，他们可以去贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥妙。中国科技馆正是这样的博物馆！它汲取了国际上一些著名博物馆的长处，设计制作 了力学、光学、电学、热学、声学、生物学等展品，展示了科学的原理和现今的科技成 果。【答案】The first generation museums of sciences are those devoted to natural history, which demonstrate the evolutionary changes of the earth and organisms through fossils and specimens. The second ones are museums of industrial technology exhibiting achievements generated in the industrial age. These two kinds of museums, though disseminate the knowledge, regard their visitors as passive viewers.The third generation museums are filled with new concepts. Here, visitors can operate by themselves, which enables them to understand advanced technologies better and help them probe into the wonders of science and technology.7. 单选题Many of the inventions that made people （ ）and have determined the inventions of American industry were related to agriculture and food production.问题1选项A.abundantB.affluentC.sufficientD.pleasant【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。Abundant “丰富的，充裕的”；affluent “富裕的，丰富的”；sufficient “足够的，充分的”；pleasant “令人愉快的，舒适的”。句意：那些使人们富裕并且决定了美国工业创新的大多数发明都与农业和食物生产相关。空格处所填的单词是作people的补足语，所以选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Its time （ ）about the traffic problem downtown.问题1选项A.something was doneB.everything is doneC.anything will be doneD.nothing to be done【答案】A【解析】考查its time的用法。Its time sb did sth,虚拟语气，动词的形式是一般过去时，所以选项A符合题意。句意：是时候采取措施来缓解城市的交通问题了。9. 单选题A most （ ）argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen wasgoing on when I came in.问题1选项A.trivialB.delicateC.minorD.miniature【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。trivial “不重要的，琐碎的”；delicate “微妙的，精美的”；minor “次要的，较小的”；miniature “微型的，小规模的”。句意：当我进来的时候，一场极琐碎的就谁应该去鸡的面前捡回面包的争吵正在进行。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Green space facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. Fortunately it is no longer necessary that every lecture every book about this subject has to start with the proof of this idea. At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof. The recognition of the importance of green spaces in the urban environment is a first step on the right way, this does not mean, however, that sufficient details are known about the functions of green spaces in towns and about the way in which the inhabitants are using these spaces. As to this rather complex subject I shall, within the scope of this lecture, enter into one aspect only, namely the recreative function of green space facilities.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation which for many years has been used in town-and-country planning, has in my opinion resulted in disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighborhood of the home. We have come to the conclusion that this is not right, because an important part of the time which we do not pass in sleeping or working, is used for activities at and around home. So it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house. The urban environment has to offer as many recreation activities as possible, and the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect.The very best standard of living is nothing if it is not possible to take a pleasant walk in the district, if the children cannot be allowed to play in the streets, because the risks of traffic are too great, if during shopping you can nowhere find a spot for enjoying for a moment the nice weather, in short, if you only feel yourself at home after the street-door of your house is closed after you.1.According to the author, the importance of green spaces in the urban environment2.The theoretical separation of living, working, traffic and recreation has led to （ ）.3.The author suggests that the recreative possibilities of greenspace should be provided4.According to the author, greenspace facilities should be designed in such a way that5.The main idea of this passage is that（ ） .问题1选项A.is still unknownB.has been fully recognizedC.is being closely studiedD.is usually neglected问题2选项A.the disproportion of recreation facilities in the neighbourhoodB.the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighbourhoodC.relatively little attention for recreative possibilitiesD.the location of recreation facilities far from home问题3选项A.in the neighbourhood of the houseB.in the suburbsC.in special areasD.in gardens and parks问题4选项A.an increasing number of recreative activities might be developedB.more and more people might have access to themC.more obligatory activities might take on a recreative aspectD.recreative activities might be brought into our homes问题5选项A.attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilitiesB.better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our lifeC.the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years agoD.priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.文章第一段at present it is generally accepted 提到关于城市绿地的功能已经被广泛接受，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第二段提到这种理论区分造成了对远离家庭的休闲形式的失衡的关注，和对于生活区域附近的休闲场所发展的忽略（disproportionate attention for forms of recreation far from home, whereas there was relatively little attention for improvement of recreative possibilities in the direct neighbourhood of the home），由此得出这种区分导致人们把休闲设施的重点放在离家远的区域，所以选项D符合题意。3.文章第二段so it is obvious that recreation in the open air has to begin at the street-door of the house 提到休闲设施应该先从离家近的地方开始，所以选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段提到the design of these has to be such that more obligatory activities can also have a recreative aspect，选项C符合题意。5.文章主要讲述了如何更好地利用小区的绿地空间来增加城市居民的生活质量，选项B符合题意。11. 翻译题来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样，大多非常刻苦勤奋，周末也往往会抽出一天甚至两天的时间去实验室加班，因而比起美国学生来，成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人，嗜烟好酒，脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识，也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此，在他实验室所招的学生中，除有一名来自德国外，其余 5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的门上贴一醒目招牌：“本室助研必须每周工作7 天，早10时至晚12时，工作时间必须全力以赴。”这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的，在我所待的3年半中，共有14位学生被招进他的实验室，最后博士毕业的只剩下5 人。1990年夏天，我不顾别人劝阻，硬着头皮接受了导师的资助，从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。【答案】Like students from other Asian countries, most Chinese students who come to further their study in the United States work on their studies industriously. Even on weekends, they would spend one or two days working overtime in their laboratories. Therefore, compared with their American students, they obtain more achievements. My supervisor is an Asian people. He is obsessed with alcohols and cigarettes, and has an irritable temper. However, he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what these students think about. Hence, of all the students recruited into his laboratory, except for one German, the other five were all from Asia. He even put an eye-catching notice on the door of the laboratory, which read “All the research assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week, from 10:00 a.m. to 12:00 p. m. Nothing but work during the working hours”. This supervisor is known for his severity and harshness. During the 3 and a half years that I stayed there, a total of 14 students were recruited into his laboratory and only 5 of them stayed and got their Ph. D degrees. In the summer of 1990, regardless of others dissuasion, I accepted my supervisors sponsorship and embarked on my difficult journey of academic pursuit.12. 单选题I didnt sent out my application form last week, but I（ ）.问题1选项A.had toB.should haveC.would doD.might have to【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词的用法。句意：我上周没有发申请表格，但是我本来应该发的。选项C符合题意。13. 单选题Over the last fifteen years, running has become a popular （ ）for 30 million participants of all ages.问题1选项A.fantasyB.pastimeC.symposiumD.penalty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。fantasy “幻想”；pastime “消遣，娱乐”；symposium “座谈会；penalty “惩罚”。句意：在过去的三十年里，跑步对于3000万名各个年龄层的参与者来说成为了一种非常受欢迎的消遣方式。选项B符合题意。14. 单选题By（ ） computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.问题1选项A.coarseB.rudeC.averageD.general【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coarse “粗糙的”；rude “粗鲁的”；average “平均的，普通的”；general “一般的，普通的”。句意：通过粗略计算，他估计修理好这个房子需要花费一千美元。选项A符合题意。15. 单选题The presidential candidate（ ） his position by winning several primary elections.问题1选项A.consolidatedB.intensifiedC.enforcedD.enriched【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。consolidate “巩固；intensify “使加强”；enforce “实施”；enrich “使充实”。句意：这位总统候选人赢得了最初的机场选举从而巩固了自己的地位。16. 单选题Movie directors use music to（ ） the action on the screen.问题1选项A.contaminateB.complimentC.contemplateD.complement【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contaminate “污染”；compliment “恭维”；contemplate “沉思，注视”； complement “补充”。句意：电影导演用音乐来补充荧幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。17. 单选题Most people travel in the course of their work are given traveling（ ）问题1选项A.incomeB.allowancesC.wagesD.pay【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。income “收入”；allowance “津贴”； wage “工资”；pay “付款，工资”。句意：大部分在工作过程中旅行的人都会有旅游津贴。选项B符合题意。18. 翻译题大米的营养价值同土豆的差不多，但在常温下保存的更久。上大学并不一定是每个人的恰当的选择，更不是唯一的选择。仅碳氢两种元素就能构成成千上万种化合物，其原因是碳氢的分子可以以不同的方式进行连接。所有这些都促使学生独立认真地学习，促使他们学会如何发现利用大学的资源。经济水平比较低的情况下，它反而会给现代政府在提供食物，就业机会等方面增加巨大的负担。【答案】The nutritional value of rice almost equals that of the potato. However, it can be stored at room temperature for longer.Going to college is not the right choice for everyone, nor the only option at all.Only two elements of hydrocarbon can form thousands compounds. The reason is that their molecules can be connected in different ways.All of these are to urge students to study independently and industriously learn how to use the university resources.Under the circumstance of low economic level, it would increase the pressure of food provision and employment opportunities.19. 单选题It may be worthwhile at this moment to （ ）and see what progress we have made after one years study in college.问题1选项A.look intoB.look aroundC.look overD.look back【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组辨析。Look into “调查，研究”；look around “环顾”；look over “查看”；look back “回顾”。句意：现在回顾一下我们在大学的一年学习中所取得的进步是值得的。选项D符合题意。20. 单选题The young heiress was so （ ） that she gave all her money away in a couple of years.问题1选项A.generousB.indulgentC.patrioticD.ambitious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。generous “慷慨的，大方的”；indulgent “放纵的，宽容的”；patriotic “爱国的”；ambitious “野心勃勃的”。句意：年轻的女继承人如此慷慨，以至于几年内就把所有的钱送给了别人。选项A符合题意。