2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷60

2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题People were surprised to find that he had the ability to（ ）everything he was involved in.问题1选项A.precedeB.dominateC.pervadeD.denominate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A项precede“领先，在之前”，指在次序或地位上先于或高于；B项dominate“控制，支配”，指施加决定性、引导性影响于；C项pervade“遍及，弥漫”，D项denominate“为命名；把称作”。句意：人们惊讶地发现，他有能力支配他所参与的一切。根据句意，该题选B正确。2. 不定项选择题A type of cell that floats freely in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women has been found to have many of the same traits as embryonic stem cells, including an ability to grow into brain, muscle and other tissues that could be used to treat a variety of diseases, scientists reported yesterday.The cells, shed by the developing fetus and easily retrieved during routine prenatal testing, are easier to maintain in laboratory dishes than embryonic stem cells-the highly versatile cells that come from destroyed human embryos and are at the center of a heated congressional debate that will resume this week.Moreover, because the cells are a genetic match to the developing fetus, tissues grown from them in the laboratory will not be rejected if they are used to treat birth defects in that newborn, researchers said. Alternatively, the cells could be frozen, providing a personalized tissue bank for use later in life.The new cells are adding credence to an emerging consensus among experts that the popular distinction between embryonic and “adult” stem cells-those isolated from adult bone marrow and other organs-is artificial.Increasingly, it appears there is a continuum of stem cell types, ranging from the embryonic ones that can morph into virtually any kind of tissue but are difficult to tame, up to adult ones that can turn into a limited number of tissues but are relatively easy to control.The newly analyzed fetal stem cells, scientists said, have many of the advantages of both.“They grow fast, as fast as embryonic stem cells, and they show great pluripotentiality,” meaning they can become many kinds of tissues, said study leader Anthony Atala, director of the Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Wake Forest University School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, N.C. “But they remain stable for years without forming tumors,” he added, something that embryonic cells are not very good at.Atala and other scientists emphasized that they dont believe the cells will make embryonic stem cells irrelevant.“Theres not going to be one shoe that fits all,” said Robert Lanza, scientific director at Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Mass. “Were going to have to see which ones are most useful for which clinical conditions.”George Daley, a Harvard stem cell researcher, echoed that sentiment. “They are not a replacement for embryonic stem cells,” he said.But in the past, even hints that non-embryonic cells might have medical potential similar to embryonic ones have complicated the political push to expand federal funding for the controversial field. And accordingly, opponents quickly pounced on the new results.65.（ ）is not a trait of embryonic stem cells.66. The cells that are shed by the developing fetus are（ ）.67. Tissues grown from these cells in the laboratory will not be rejected as they are（ ）.68. Embryonic stem cells can（ ）.69. Robert Lanza said “Theres not going to be one shoe that fits all.” He meant（ ）.70. The word “retrieved” in the second paragraph can be best replaced by（ ）.问题1选项A.Growing into brain tissuesB.Using embryonic stem cells to treat a variety of diseasesC.Causing a variety of diseasesD.Growing into muscle tissues问题2选项A.at the center of a heated congressional debateB.more difficult to maintain in laboratory dishes than embryonic stem cellsC.difficult to retrieve during routine prenatal testingD.easily retrieved during routine prenatal testing问题3选项A.free of birth defectsB.easier to cultivateC.a genetic match to the donorD.can be frozen for use by anyone in need问题4选项A.turn into a limited number of tissues and are difficult to tameB.turn into a limited number of tissues but are relatively easy to controlC.can morph into virtually any kind of tissue and are relatively easy to controlD.can morph into virtually any kind of tissue but are difficult to tame问题5选项A.he does not believe these cells will make embryonic stem cells irrelevantB.he knows people have different size feetC.he will still need to see which ones are most useful for which clinical conditionD.even hints that non-embryonic cells might have medical potential has complicated things问题6选项A.taken out for testingB.collected for other usesC.sampled for testingD.used for testing【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:A第6题:A【解析】65.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据文章第一段第一、二句A type of cell that floats freely in the amniotic fluid of pregnant women has been found to have many of the same traits as embryonic stem cells, including an ability to grow into brain, muscle and other tissues that could be used to treat a variety of diseases.（一种可以在孕妇羊水中自由漂浮的细胞被发现与胚胎干细胞有许多相同的特征，包括能够生长成大脑、肌肉和其他组织，用于治疗各种疾病），选项C“引起各种疾病”，文章没有提到此内容，C选项正确。A选项“在脑组织中生长”，文章提到，这种细胞可以生长大脑，A选项可排除。B“利用胚胎干细胞治疗多种疾病”，文章提到，这种细胞可以治疗各种疾病，B选项可排除。D选项“长成肌肉组织”，文章提到，这种细胞，可以长成肌肉组织，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。66.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第二段第一句The cells, shed by the developing fetus and easily retrieved during routine prenatal testing（这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落，在常规的产前检查中很容易得到），D选项“在常规产前检查中很容易找回”，符合文章内容，D选项正确。A选项“处于激烈的国会辩论的中心”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。B选项“比胚胎干细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存”，文章没有提到这些细胞更难在实验室培养皿中保存，B选项可排除。C选项“很难在常规产前检查中恢复”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。67.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第三段第一句because the cells are a genetic match to the developing fetus, tissues grown from them in the laboratory will not be rejected（因为这些细胞在基因上与发育中的胎儿相匹配，所以在实验室中从它们生长出来的组织不会被排斥），可推测，这些细胞在基因上与发育的胎儿相匹配，C选项“和捐赠者的基因匹配”正确。其余选项，A选项“无出生缺陷”，B选项“更容易培养”和D选项“可以冷冻起来供有需要的人使用”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。68.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第五段第三句the embryonic ones that can morph into virtually any kind of tissue but are difficult to tame（胚胎细胞几乎可以变成任何一种组织，但很难驯服），可以推断出D选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织，但很难驯服”正确。A选项“变成数量有限的组织，很难驯服”，文章没有提到会变成数量有限的组织，A选项可排除。B选项“转化成数量有限的组织，但相对容易控制”，说法错误，可排除。C选项“可以转化成几乎任何一种组织并且相对容易控制”，文章中没有提到细胞容易控制，C选项可排除。因此D选项正确。69.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据Atala and other scientists emphasized that they dont believe the cells will make embryonic stem cells irrelevant.（Atala和其他科学家强调，他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要）和“Theres not going to be one shoe that fits all,” said Robert Lanza（罗伯特兰扎(Robert Lanza)表示：“没有一双鞋是适合所有人的”），可知Robert Lanza，Atala and other scientists的观点是一致的，他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的，会代替胚胎干细胞的所有功能，使之变得不相干。所以题干中的这句话实际上是在支撑前面的科学家的那句话they dont believe the cells will make embryonic stem cells irrelevant.（他们不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要），A选项“他不相信这些细胞会使胚胎干细胞变得无关紧要”，符合文章内容，A选项正确；B选项“他知道每个人的脚大小都不一样”并不是Robert Lanza所暗示的含义；根据原文“Theres not going to be one shoe that fits all,” said Robert Lanza, scientific director at Advanced Cell Technology in Worcester, Mass. “Were going to have to see which ones are most useful for which clinical conditions.”（“没有一只鞋适合所有人”，Robert Lanza说，他是麻省Worcester先进细胞技术的科学总监“我们将不得不确定哪些药物对哪些临床情况最为有用”）可知C选项“他还需要看看哪些药物对哪些临床情况最有用”在文章中有提及，但这句话是补充说明前文，表达他不认为这种新型细胞是万能的，而是要对症下药；D选项“即使暗示非胚胎细胞可能具有医疗潜力，也会使事情变得复杂”并不是Robert Lanza的观点。因此A选项正确。70.【试题答案】A【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干可以定位到第二段第一句The cells, shed by the developing fetus and easily retrieved during routine prenatal testing（这些细胞由发育中的胎儿脱落，在常规的产前检查中很容易得到）。这句话表达的是“在常规产前检查中容易取出这种细胞做检查”。A选项“拿出来测试”，符合文章内容。B选项“收集作其他用途”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“取样测试”，文章没有提到取样，可排除C选项。D选项“用于测试”，文章没有提到这种细胞用于测试，可排除。因此A选项正确。3. 不定项选择题D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child of Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall, and their first to have been born in Eastwood. Ever since their marriage in 1875, the couple had been on the move: Arthurs job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s, and they had lived in a succession of small and recently built grimy colliery villages all over Nottinghamshire. But when they moved to Eastwood in 1883, it was to a place where they would remain for the rest of their lives; the move seems to have marked a watershed in their early history.For one thing, they were settling down: Arthur Lawrence would work at Brinsley colliery until he retired in 1909. For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had. It was also the case that, when they came to Eastwood, they took a house with a shop window, and Lydia ran a small clothes shop: presumably to supplement their income, but also perhaps because she felt she could do it in addition to raising their children. It seems possible that, getting on badly with her husband as she did, she imagined that further children were out of the question. Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence. Arthurs parents lived less than a mile away, down in Brinsley, while his youngest brother Walter lived only 100 yards away from them in another company house, in Princes Street. When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own familys center: one of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.Lydia Lawrence probably felt, on the other hand, more as if she were digging in for a siege. East wood may have been home to Arthur Lawrence, but to Lydia it was just another grimy colliery village which she never liked very much and where she never felt either much at home or properly accepted. Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs.56. This passage is mainly about the introduction of（ ）.57. Which of the following is NOT the reason for D. H. Lawrences family settling down in East wood?58. Which of the following might be an image of D. H. Lawrences mother in other peoples mind?59. The family had been on the move, because（ ）.60. Which of the following statement is NOT true?问题1选项A.D. H. LawrenceB.D. H. Lawrences parentsC.D. H. LawrenceB. D. H. Lawrences parentsC.D.H. LawrenceB. D. H. Lawrences parentsC. D. H. Lawrences residenceD. D. H. Lawrences family background and education问题2选项A.Children in the family needed consistent education.B.D. H. Lawrences father could be near to his family members.C.D. H. Lawrences father could be near to his family members.C.D.H. Lawrences father could be near to his family members.C. D. H. Lawrences mother could seek for her independence.D. D. H. Lawrence could accumulate enough materials to write about in his novels.问题3选项A.A mother who was quite amiable.B.A wife who was considerate.C.An arrogant woman.D.A faithful wife.问题4选项A.they had to stay with the father who had to go everywhere to find a job in depressionB.the father could find better-paid jobs in the prosperity of economyC.the father wanted to be near with his own homeD.the mother always wanted to change the location of their house问题5选项A.The relationship between D. H. Lawrences parents may not be so good.B.D. H. Lawrences mother was a woman of strong will.C.D. H. Lawrences parents may not be so good.B. D. H. Lawrences mother was a woman of strong will.C.D.H. Lawrences parents may not be so good.B. D. H. Lawrences mother was a woman of strong will.C. D. H. Lawrences mother did not like her home at Eastwood.D. D. H. Lawrence was the first child in the family【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】56.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲了Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall的生活，他们开始如何不停搬迁，后来又为何在Eastwood定居。选项C项“D.H.劳伦斯的住所”，最贴近原文。A项“D. H. Lawrence”， C项“D. H. Lawrence的父母”和D项“家庭背景”，都不是文章的中心内容，所以不选A，C，D。57.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第二段第二句For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had.（另一方面，他们现在有三个小孩， Lydia可能想让他们在学校里有以前从未有过的连续性教育）可知A项“家里的孩子需要始终如一的教育”是原因；第二段最后一句When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own families center: One of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.（当他们一家搬到伊斯特伍德时，亚瑟劳伦斯回到了他自己的家庭中心：当然，这也是他们留在那里的原因之一）可知B项“劳伦斯的父亲可以离他的家人很近”也是一个原因；文章第二段提及Lydia开了个店，并且说Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence.（对这家商店的收购可能标志着她自己争取独立）可知C项“劳伦斯的母亲可以寻求独立”也是一个原因；D项“D.H.劳伦斯可以积累足够的写小说的材料”在文章中未提及。58.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。文章的最后一句Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs.（由于Lydia有口音，所以当地人认为她装腔作势），故只有C项“一个傲慢的女人”符合题意。A项“非常和蔼可亲的母亲”，B项“体贴的妻子”，D项“忠实的妻子”都不是Lydia在其他人心中的形象。59.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段第三行Arthurs job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s.（在19世纪80年代的经济繁荣时期，Arthur不停换地工作是因为他在不停的寻找待遇最好的地方工作），由于他换地方工作，整个家庭也就跟着他不停搬迁。B项“在经济繁荣时期，父亲可以找到报酬更高的工作”符合文章原意。A项“他们不得不和父亲呆在一起，因为父亲在大萧条时要到处找工作”，在经济萧条时期，与原文不符；C项“父亲想靠近自己的家”和D项“母亲总是想改变他们房子的位置”在文中未体现。60.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一句D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child（劳伦斯第四个孩子）可知劳伦斯是这个家庭的第四个孩子，所以D项“劳伦斯是家里的第一个孩子”错误。A项“劳伦斯父母之间的关系可能不太好”，B项“劳伦斯的母亲是个意志坚强的女人”，C项“劳伦斯的母亲不喜欢她在伊斯特伍德的家”，在文中均未体现。4. 翻译题There is nothing wrong, of course, with a countrys questioning its direction and wanting to preserve many of its traditional values. Moreover, Japan isnt likely to revert to the collusive(诡秘的) and anticompetitive policies of the past. The reform process has gone too far, and corporate behavior has changed too dramatically. But given the magnitude (巨大) of the fiscal and financial challenges ahead, even a slight slowing of the governments deregulatory efforts and private-sector restructuring could create an eventual disaster. Nows not the time for Japan to rest on its laurels.【答案】【参考译文】当然，一个国家质疑自己的方向，并希望保留许多传统价值观，这并没有错。此外，日本不太可能恢复到共谋的(诡秘的)和反竞争政策的过去。改革进程走得太远，企业行为发生了太大变化。但是考虑到大小(巨大)的财政和金融挑战，甚至略有放缓政府放松管制的努力和私营部门的重组可以创建最终的灾难。现在不是日本安于现状的时候。5. 单选题Other non-dominant males were hyperactive; they were much more active than is normal, chasing others and fighting each other.问题1选项A.hardly activeB.relatively activeC.extremely inactiveD.pathologically active【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。hyperactive在句中是“过分活跃”，A选项hardly active “几乎不活跃”；B选项relatively active“相对活跃”extremely inactive“极度不活跃”；D选项pathologically active“病态性活跃”。只有D项最符合。句意：其他不占优势的男性则是过度活跃；他们比正常人活跃得多，追逐他人，互相争斗。根据各选项词义，选D。6. 单选题On the local level, tradition,（ ）through customs, rituals, education, and the countless forms of activity that constitute social behavior, bolstered stability and discouraged tendencies toward change.问题1选项A.spelled outB.manifestedC.givenD.explained【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项spell out“讲清楚”；B选项manifest“呈现，显示”；C选项given“被给予”；D选项explain“解释”。根据空格后文的内容，传统通过这些形式进行呈现，可推测B选项符合题干内容。句意：在地方层面上，传统通过习俗、仪式、教育和无数形式的构成社会行为的活动，巩固了稳定，阻碍了变革的趋势。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题While he was building his army by（ ）new local forces, he consistently followed the practice of taking over these corps intact with their commanders and indoctrinating these leaders to ensure their allegiance to himself and his own army.问题1选项A.incorporatingB.having been incorporatedC.incorporatedD.being incorporated【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。incorporate“合并，吸收”。incorporate这个动作是直接由句子的主语“he”来执行的，所以介词by后面直接跟动词的进行时。句意：当他通过新的地方部队来建立他的军队时，他一直遵循这样的做法，即完整地接管这些部队和他们的指挥官，并灌输这些领导人以确保他们效忠于他自己和他自己的军队。因此A选项正确。8. 不定项选择题(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec.30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.(3) “Its difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them, “Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday.”Once they understand and follow all the instructions, we can prevent the virus from spreading.(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added.(6) The conference will be looking at a variety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, animal husbandry practices and improving coordination between animal health and human health agencies.(7) The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people including32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailandhas yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans. But scientists say it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.31. The subject of the international conference mentioned in the first paragraph is about（ ）.32. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?33. According to the passage, which of the following measures are NOT effective in fighting against the bird flu?34. We can infer from the last paragraph that（ ）.35. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.batting the SARSB.epidemic disease controlC.fighting the avian fluD.public health问题2选项A.Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.B.Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.C.Bui Quang Anh believes that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.D.1, 000 birds were killed during the last year outbreak of bird flu.问题3选项A.to adopt strict hygiene standards in poultry farmsB.to carry out regular disinfectionC.to raise ducks and chickens separatelyD.to stop poultry trade问题4选项A.currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humansB.the bird flu virus is easy to mutateC.the bird flu has killed millions of peopleD.the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza问题5选项A.Bird Flu: A Deadly DiseaseB.What Can We Learn from the Bird FluC.Vietnam: the Biggest Victim of the Bird FluD.Official Urges Farmers to Curb Bird Flu【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】31.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“第一段提到的国际会议的主题是关于”。根据文章第一段Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.（越南一位高级官员在星期三召开的防治禽流感国际会议前夕说，家禽养殖户需要采用严格的卫生标准来遏制亚洲的致命禽流感病毒。）可知，国际会议的主题是关于抗击禽流感，因此C项“抗击禽流感”正确。A项“打击非典”，文中没有提到非典；B项“流行性疾病的控制”，第一段没有提到控制方面的内容；D项“公共健康”不符题意。故该题选C。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪个陈述是正确的？”。根据第四段第一句话Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said.（Anh说，大型商业农场从第一次疫情中吸取了教训，并采取了预防措施，如严格的卫生标准和定期消毒）可知B项“大型商业农场已经采取了预防措施来控制禽流感”正确。A项“禽流感首先在越南被发现”，文中没有明确说到禽流感是在越南发现的；C项“Bui Quang Anh认为预防禽流感是不可能的”，根据第五段第一句话New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said.（Anh说，新的规定应该包括把鸭和鸡分开，要求鸭在笼子里饲养，并改善卫生措施。）可知，一些卫生措施是可以采取用来预防禽流感的，所以C项错误。D项“在去年爆发的禽流感中，有1000只家禽被杀死”，根据第二段最后一句the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.（去年禽流感疫情曾蔓延到10个亚洲国家，导致1亿多只家禽被宰杀。）可知，不是1000只，而是1亿多只，D项错误。故该题选B。33.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪项措施不能有效地对抗禽流感？”根据文章第四段Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfectio