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1899-1961 Oak Park, Illinois Second child in a family of six Hunting and fishingYoung Hemingway fishing in Michigan in 1904 第1页/共33页第一页，共34页。 Reporter in the Kansas City Star newspaper Red Cross volunteer Wounded Decorated by the Italian government Ernest Hemingway as an American Red Cross volunteer in Italy, 1918第2页/共33页第二页，共34页。 Marriage Paris, France Travel Europe In Our Time The Sun Also RisesErnest Hemingway and Hadley Hemingway in Switzerland, 1922第3页/共33页第三页，共34页。 Nobel Prize Winner in 1954 To avoid the use of adjectives , esp. such extravagant ones as splendid, gorgeous, grand, magnificent etc. Attained the preferences for short sentences, short first paragraphs and vigorous English The Sun Also Rises (1926) Jake Barnes Robert Cohn Brett Ashley第4页/共33页第四页，共34页。Spanish Civil War & World War The Pulitzer Prize in 1953 The Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 Commit Suicide in 1961第5页/共33页第五页，共34页。vIn Our Time 在我们(w men)的时代里 1925vThe Sun Also Rises 太阳照样升起 1926vA Farewell To Arms 永别了，武器1929 vFor Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣1940vThe Old Man and the Sea 老人与海1952第6页/共33页第六页，共34页。 Men Without Women 没有女人的男人 Green Hills of Africa 非洲(fi zhu)的青山 Across the River and Into the Trees过河入林 A Clean, Well-Lighted Place一个清洁、明亮的地方 A Days Wait 一天的等待 Garden Of Eden 伊甸园 The Snows of Kilimanjaro 乞力马扎罗的雪 The Fifth Column第五纵队 The Killers 杀人者第7页/共33页第七页，共34页。 In Our Time (1925)Hemingways first book of stories The effect of war on a young man 第8页/共33页第八页，共34页。 The Sun Also Rises (1926) The book was an immediate success. Young Americans in Europe after World War The Lost Generation“-a group of wandering, amusing, but aimless people, who are caught in the war and removed from the path of ordinary life.第9页/共33页第九页，共34页。 For Whom the Bell Tolls(1940)A volunteer American guerrilla fighting in the Spanish Civil War Theme-Anti-fascism His dying convinces people that life is worth living and there are causes worth dying for 第10页/共33页第十页，共34页。 The Old Man and the Sea (1952)Published first in Life magazine in 1952, restored again his fame and played a huge part in his winning the 1954 Nobel Prize for Literature An old Cuban fisherman and his battle with a giant marlin- a representation of life as a struggle against unconquerable natural forces 第11页/共33页第十一页，共34页。 Having no facility for speech-making and no command of oratory nor any domination of rhetoric, I wish to thank the administrators of the generosity of Alfred Nobel for this Prize. No writer who knows the great writers who did not receive the Prize can accept it other than with humility. There is no need to list these writers. Everyone here may make his own list according to his knowledge and his conscience. 第12页/共33页第十二页，共34页。 It would be impossible for me to ask the Ambassador of my country to read a speech in which a writer said all of the things which are in his heart. Things may not be immediately discernible in what a man writes, and in this sometimes he is fortunate; but eventually they are quite clear and by these and the degree of alchemy that he possesses he will endure or be forgotten. 第13页/共33页第十三页，共34页。 Writing, at its best, is a lonely life. Organizations for writers palliate the writers loneliness but I doubt if they improve his writing. He grows in public stature as he sheds his loneliness and often his work deteriorates. For he does his work alone and if he is a good enough writer he must face eternity, or the lack of it, each day. 第14页/共33页第十四页，共34页。For a true writer each book should be a new beginning where he tries again for something that is beyond attainment. He should always try for something that has never been done or that others have tried and failed. Then sometimes, with great luck, he will succeed. 第15页/共33页第十五页，共34页。 How simple the writing of literature would be if it were only necessary to write in another way what has been well written. It is because we have had such great writers in the past that a writer is driven far out past where he can go, out to where no one can help him. I have spoken too long for a writer. A writer should write what he has to say and not speak it. Again I thank you.第16页/共33页第十六页，共34页。Literary Point of View: Essentially a negative writer Holds a black, naturalistic view of the world and sees it as “all a nothing” Sees life in terms of battles and tension The typical Hemingway situations are usually characterized by chaos and brutality and violence, by crime and death, and sport, hard drinking and sexual promiscuity. Code Herowounded but strong, more sensitivity and action but less words, enjoys pleasure of life (sex, alcohol, sport), in face of ruin and death and maintains an ideal of himself.第17页/共33页第十七页，共34页。 Writing Style He always manages to choose words concrete, specific, more commonly found, more Anglo-Saxon, casual and conversational, and employs them in a syntax of short simple sentences, which are orderly and patterned, conversational and sometimes ungrammatical.His distinctive writing style is characterized by economy and understatement. He used understate-ment and omission which make the text multilayered and rich in allusions. 第18页/共33页第十八页，共34页。 Iceberg Principle “The Dignity of movement of an iceberg is due to only one-eighth of it being above water.” He believes that the above part must be implicit and multiple, and the under part is for the readers to imagine.第19页/共33页第十九页，共34页。only a small portion of what the writer knows is included in the book, leaving about ninety percent of the content a mystery that grows beneath the surface of the writing. A good writer does not need to reveal every detail of a character or action. Iceberg Theory 第20页/共33页第二十页，共34页。 A Farewell to Arms Plot Summary A Farewell to Arms opens in Italy during the First World War. The novels main character, Frederic Henry, is a young American serving as a second lieutenant in the Italian Army and works as an ambulance driver. His friend Rinaldi, a good-looking Italian surgeon, introduces Frederic Henry to Catherine Barkley, who is described as a tall, beautiful woman with long blonde hair. He is very much attracted to her and would like to become romantically involved with her. Although Catherine responds to his first attempt to kiss her by slapping him, they gradually become more and more interested in each other. 第21页/共33页第二十一页，共34页。 Frederic feels indifferent about the war going on around him, feeling that it has little to do with him. One day in a dugout(防空洞), a shell wounds Frederic badly, and he is taken to a field hospital and then transferred to an American hospital in Milan. Soon after, Catherine comes to the hospital to visit him and eventually manages to stay and work at the hospital. Frederic and Catherine begin spending nights together while she is on night-duty in the hospital. Gradually Frederic finds himself falling more and more in love with Catherine. Before Frederic leaves for the front, Catherine announces that she is pregnant.第22页/共33页第二十二页，共34页。 Frederic Henry returns to the front, realizing quickly that the men at the front have lost their spirit and drive in the war. Hemingway describes the massive Italian retreat from the town of Caporetto when the German and Austrian forces began moving against them in October, 1917. Frederic comes to a long wooden bridge on the Tagliamento River, where military police, the carabinieri(宪兵(xinbng), are seizing their own Italian officers and executing them for calling the retreat. Frederic is detained, but he breaks free and jumps into the river to escape. Frederic floats down the river and eventually jumps a train headed for Milan and Catherine. Sick of the war and finished with fighting for a nation that is not even his own, Frederic is well content to make his farewell to arms and to desert his post in the Italian army. 第23页/共33页第二十三页，共34页。 During a rainstorm, the bartender in the hotel warns Frederic that he is in danger of being caught as a deserter by the authorities and suggests that Frederic and Catherine borrow his boat and escape across the lake into Switzerland. Frederic rows all night and arrive in Switzerland, they are arrested, but Frederic explains that they are tourists and that they have come to Switzerland for the winter sports. Because they have a good bit of money and valid passports, the authorities let them go. Frederic and Catherine travel to Montreux and spend a happy and romantic fall in a small chalet(小木屋) amidst the mountain pines. 第24页/共33页第二十四页，共34页。 When Catherine is ready to give birth, Frederic takes her to a hospital in Lausanne. Catherines labor is extremely difficult, and the doctor gives her laughing gas to ease the pain. When it is clear that she is not going to be able to give birth to the child naturally, the doctor tries to deliver it by cesarean section, but the baby is already dead. A nurse sends Frederic out to get something to eat. When he returns, he learns that Catherine has begun to hemorrhage. The doctor is unable to stop the bleeding, and Catherines condition gradually worsens. Once she and Frederic say good-bye, Catherine slips into unconsciousness and soon dies. Catherine is gone. Frederic walks back to the hotel alone in the rain.第25页/共33页第二十五页，共34页。 Analysis of Major Characters Frederic Henry In the sections of the novel in which he describes his experience in the war, Henry portrays himself as a man of duty. He attaches to this understanding of himself no sense of honor, nor does he expect any praise for his service. Even after he has been severely wounded, he discourages Rinaldi from pursuing medals of distinction for him. Time and again, through conversations with men like the priest, Ettore Moretti, and Gino, Henry distances himself from such abstract notions as faith, honor, and patriotism. Concepts such as these mean nothing to him beside such concrete facts of war as the names of the cities in which he has fought and the numbers of decimated (严重破坏的) streets.第26页/共33页第二十六页，共34页。 Henry is a disillusioned man of the modern world searching for some values or some system that he can believe in. He is a lonesome and confused and restless man. He does not function well in this whirlwind existence of disorder and confusion. Hid basic desire to derive some code of life by which he can live causes him first to attach himself to Catherine Barkley. Later he sees in their relationship a type of order, a type of commitment to a regular existence. Ultimately in the end of the novel, Henry comes to the realization that life can be faced only if he develops within himself an inner strength and inner discipline which will allow him to meet all encounters with the same grace under pressure.第27页/共33页第二十七页，共34页。 Catherine Barkley With the advent of feminist criticism, readers have become more vocal about their dissatisfaction with Hemingways depictions of women, which, according to critics such as Leslie A. Fiedler, tend to fall into one of two categories: overly dominant shrews, like Lady Brett in The Sun Also Rises, and overly submissive confections, like Catherine Barkley in A Farewell to Arms. Hemingway was at his best dealing with men without women; when he started to involve female characters in his writing, he reverted to uncomplicated stereotypes. A Farewell to Arms certainly supports such a reading: it is easy to see how Catherines blissful submission to domesticity, especially at the novels end, might rankle contemporary readers for whom lines such as “Im having a child and that makes me contented not to do anything” suggest a bygone era in which a womans work centered around maintaining a home and filling it with children.第28页/共33页第二十八页，共34页。 She is a loving, dedicated woman whose desire and capacity for a redemptive, otherworldly love makes her the inevitable victim of tragedy. She is a static character. She dies as she had lived, with honesty, with discipline, and with courage. “Its just a dirty trick.” 第29页/共33页第二十九页，共34页。 Themes 1. The Grim Reality of War The novel offers masterful descriptions of the conflicts senseless brutality and violent chaos: the scene of the Italian armys retreat remains one of the most profound evocations of war in American literature. 2. The Relationship Between Love and Pain If they are to achieve physical, emotional, and psychological healing, they have found the perfect place in the safe remove of the Swiss mountains. The tragedy of the novel rests in the fact that their love, even when genuine, can never be more than temporary in this world.第30页/共33页第三十页，共34页。Symbols Rain Rain serves in the novel as a potent symbol of the inevitable disintegration of happiness in life. Catherine infuses the weather with meaning as she and Henry lie in bed listening to the storm outside. As the rain falls on the roof, Catherine admits that the rain scares her and says that it has a tendency to ruin things for lovers. Of course, no meteorological phenomenon has such power; symbolically, however, Catherines fear proves to be prophetic, for doom does eventually come to the lovers. After Catherines death, Henry leaves the hospital and walks home in the rain. Here, the falling rain validates Catherines anxiety and confirms one of the novels main contentions: great love, like anything else in the worldgood or bad, innocent or deservingcannot last.第31页/共33页第三十一页，共34页。 Catherines Hair Although it is not a recurring symbol, Catherines hair is an important one. In the early, easy days of their relationship, as Henry and Catherine lie in bed, Catherine takes down her hair and lets it cascade around Henrys head. The tumble of hair reminds Henry of being enclosed inside a tent or behind a waterfall. This lovely description stands as a symbol of the couples isolation from the world. With a war raging around them, they manage to secure a blissful seclusion, believing themselves protected by something as delicate as hair. Later, however, when they are truly isolated from the ravages of war and living in peaceful Switzerland, they learn the harsh lesson that love, in the face of lifes cruel reality, is as fragile and ephemeral as hair.第32页/共33页第三十二页，共34页。感谢您的观看(gunkn)！第33页/共33页第三十三页，共34页。NoImage内容(nirng)总结1899-1961。The Fifth Column第五纵队(d w zngdu)。感谢您的观看第三十四页，共34页。
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