2018英语全国1卷

word绝密启用前 2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语考试时间：120分钟试卷总分为：150分须知事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的某某、某某号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每一小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3.考试完毕后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部听力(共两节，总分为30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容完毕后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节共5小题；每一小题1.5分，总分为7.5分听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最优选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt? A. 19. 15.B. 9. 18.C. 9. 15.答案是 C。1.what will James do tomorrow ?A.Watch a TV program.B.Give atalk.C.Write a report.2.What can we say about the woman? A.Shes generour.B.Shes curious.C.Shes helpful.3.When does the traif leave?P.A.At 6:30.B.At8:30.C.At 10:30.4.How does the wonar sRwr?mA.By car.B.On foot.C.By bike 5.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Classmates.B.Teacher and student.C.Doctor and patient.第二节共15小题；每一小题分，总分为分听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最优选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每一小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.What does the woman regret?A.Giving up her research.B.Dropping out of college.C.Changiny her major. 7.What is the woman interested in studying now?A.Ecology.B.Education. C.Chemistry. 听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What is the man? A.A hotel manager.B.A tour guide.C.A taxidriver.9.what is the man doing for the woman?A.looking for some local foods.B.Showing her around the seaside.C.Offering information about a hotel.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.Inan office.B.AthomeC.Ata restaurant.11.What will the speakers do tomorow evening?A.Goto a concert.B.Visita friend C.workextra hours.12.Who is Alice going to call? A.Mike .B.JoanC.Catherine .听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.why does the woman meet the man?A.To look at an apartment.B.To deliver some furniture.C.To have a meal together.14.What does the woman like about the carpet?A.Its color.B.Its design.C. Its quality .15.What does the man say about the kitchen?A.Its a good size.B.Its newly painted.C. Its adequately equipped .16.What will the woman probably do next?A.Go downtown.B.Talk with her friend. C.Make payment .听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Who is the speakerprobably talking to?A.Movie fans .B.News reporters.C.College students .18.When did the speaker take Engishlclasses? wwnA.Before he left his hometown.B.After he came to America.C.When he was 15 years old.19.How does the speaker feel about his teacher?A.Hes proud.B.Hes sympathetic.s grateful .20.What does the speaker mainly talk about ?A.How education shaped his life.B.How his language skills improved.C.How he managed his business well.第二局部阅读理解(共两节，总分为40分)第一节 (共15小题；每一小题2分，总分为30分)阅读如下短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最优选项。AWashington, D.C. Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration TourThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see a world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability the cherry blossomsdisappear!Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington,D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares uniquefacts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike,helmet,cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour In Washington,D.C.Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newers and localslooking to experience Washingtgeable guideswill entertain you with the most ,interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as your bike the sites of Capitol Hill andthe National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike,helmet,and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Whichtour do you need to book in advance?A. Cherry Blossom like Tour in Washington,D.C.B. Washington capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22.What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? o to a national park.joy interesting stories.23.Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?A.City maps.B.Cameras.C. Meals D. Safety lightsBGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa everymorning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role showing families how to preparedelicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.In Save Money:Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help ofchef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes forunder 5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able toput a lot of what shes leant into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons, Sam,14, Finn,13,and Jack, 11.We love Mexican churros,so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a portion(一份), but Matt makes them for 26p a portion,because they are flour, water,sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves. The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITVs Save Money: GoodHealth, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from thevast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with adifferent family each week.In tonights Easter special they e to the aid of a family in needof some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the familys long weekend ofcelebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24. What do we know about Susanna Reid? A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests.B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early inthemorning.D.She has had alight budget for her family.25.How does Matt Tebbutt help Susanna?A.He buys cooking materials for her.B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters.D.He invites guest families for her.26. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4? A.Summarize the previous paragraphs.B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information.D.Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating SmartB.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making yourself a PerfectChefD.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been ing and going for thousands of years, but in recent times therehas been less ing and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated byhunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when theworld had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to bee farmers, andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade,industrialisation. the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal pulsoryeducation. Especially glbalisation and better munications in the past few decades,allhave caused many Languages todisappear,and dominant languages such as EnglishSpanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6 800 languages. The distribution of these languages ishugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Oftenspoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers.Europehas only around 200Languages: the Americas about1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia andthe Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. Themedian number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worldslanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?A.They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had similar patters. D. They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explainsdominant underlined in paragraph 2？A.plex. B. Advanced.C.Powerful. D.Modem.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A.About 6 800B.About 3 400C.About 1-20031. What is the min idea of the text?A. New languages will be created.B Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC. Human development results in fewer languagesD. Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置) well after they go out of style.Thats bad news for the environment and our walletsas theseoutdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using,Callie Babbitt and her colleaguesat the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for eachproduct throughoutits lifefrom when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.This method provided a readout for how home energyuse has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generationDesktop puters,basic mobile phones,and box-setTVsdefined 1992. Digital cameras arrivedonthescene in 1997.And MP3 players,smart phones, and LCDTVs entered homesin 2002,beforetablets ande-readers showed upin 2007.As we accumulated more devices,however,we didnt throw out our old ones.The living-room television is replaced andgets planted in the kids room,and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house,said one researcher.The average number ofelectronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.Were not just keepingthese old deviceswe continue to use them.According to the analysis of Babbitts team,olddesktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions排放more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So whats the solution解决方案? The teams data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TVviewing.They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop puters could cut energy consumption by 44%.32.What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly.B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home.D.They go out of style quickly.33.Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle ofa product.C.To update consumers onnew technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34.Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-setTV.B.The tablet.C.The LCDTV.D.Thedesktop puter.35.What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them.B.Take them apart.C.Upgradethem.D.Recycle them.第二节 (共5小题；每一小题2分，总分为10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最优选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home designsomething youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces is one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day? 36 , color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feel.Over the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 , they can get a little plex .But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones. 38 . Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows ,mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms .Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa ,small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable .Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves 39 . They require a bigger mitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors .Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 40 .A. While all of them are useful B. Whatever youre looking for C. If youre experimenting with a color D. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar with E. Its not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces F. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time G. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways 第三局部语言知识运用(共两节，总分为45分)第一节完形填空(共20小题；每一小题分，总分为30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最优选项。During my second year at the city college，I was told that the education department wasoffering a freecourse, called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I41the idea of taking the class because ，after all ,who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars?More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess.And,even if I werent 43 enough about free credits,news about our44was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 45I would be learning from one of the games 46.I could hardly wait to 47 him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this 48 was no game for him: he meant business. In his introduction, he made it 49 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 50 the class ,among other criteria,wehad to write a paper on how we plan to 51 what we would learn in class to our futureprofessions and,52,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that53and learned lifelessons that have served me well beyond the54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,Im still putting to use what he 55 me:“The absolute most important 56that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 57.On every single move you have to 58 a situation ,process what your opponent(对手is doing and 59 the best move from among all your options.These words still ring true today in my 60as a journalist.41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay43. A. excited B. worried C. movedD. tired44. A. titleB. petitor C. textbook D. instructor45. A. urged B. demanded C. heldD. meant46. A. fastest B. easiest C. bestD. rarest47.A. interview B. meetC. challenge D. beat48. A. chance B. qualification C. honor D. job50. A. attendB. passC. skipD. observe51. A. add B. expose C. apply D. pare52. A. eventually B. naturally C. directly D. normally53. A. gameB. presentation C. courseD. experiment 54. A. criterion B. classroom C. department D. situation 55. A. taughtB. wroteC. questioned D. promised 56. A. factB. stepC. mannerD. skill57. A. gradesB. decisionsC. impressions D. ments58. A. analyzeB. describeC. rebuildD. control 59. A. announce B. signalC. blockD. evaluate60. A. role B. desire C. concernD. behavior 第二节共10小题；每一小题1.5分，总分为15分阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runnerslive three years61(long) thannon-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long62(see)the benefit. Youmaydrink, smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.While running regatesalstlycannt make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be)more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authorsof the review also made a study published in 201466showed a mere five to 10 minutesAday of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67(cause).The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwiseits probablyrunning.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68 (strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap,easy and its always 69(energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the time to getthe same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70a try.第四局部写作(共两节，总分为35分)第一节短文改错共10小题，每一小题1分，总分为10分假定英语课上教师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉与一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号，并在其下面写出该加的次。删除：把多余的用斜线划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误与其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者从第l1处起不计分。During my last winter holiday,I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small housewith dogs,ducks,and another animals. Last winter whenI went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also Iwent here again,they had a big separnte house to raise dozens of chicken.Theyalsohad a small pond,whichthey raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earnedquite alot by sellthe fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of ourtrip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years,but he agreed.第二节书面表达(总分为25分)假定你是李华，你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客，发向你询问有关习俗。请你回复。内容包括：1.到达时间；2.适宜的礼物；11 / 11