北京语言大学21秋《汉语写作》平时作业一参考答案48

北京语言大学21秋汉语写作平时作业一参考答案1. Had she been given information, she _ the question. Awould answer Bcould answerHad she been given information, she _ the question.Awould answerBcould answerCcould have answeredDansweredC2. 语言的特点有( )A.情感性B.语体性C.语境性D.风格性参考答案：BCD3. 下面哪个选项不是实用文体的语言要求?( )A.准确B.深刻、重要C.华丽D.精约参考答案：C4. 我们有幸自荐，盼望能有机会与你们合作，扩大业务。我们有幸自荐，盼望能有机会与你们合作，扩大业务。We have the pleasure of introducing ourselves to you with the hope that we may have an opportunity of cooperating with you in your business extension.5. 属于议论类文体的种类的是( )A.札记B.宣言C.社论D.政论参考答案：ABCD6. When sugar _ enough, a black substance appears. Aheats Bis heated Cwill heat DWhen sugar _ enough, a black substance appears.AheatsBis heatedCwill heatDwill be heatedB7. 文体在写作中具有一般的地位。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A8. 下列关于文学的说法较为正确的是( )。A.为文造情B.舞蹈C.为文造哲D.为哲造文参考答案：B9. His work was _ than that of any other man in the school. A) by far better B) better by farHis work was _ than that of any other man in the school.A) by far betterB) better by farC) by far the best D) the best by farBthan前应用比较级形式，因此C，D选项排除；当by far修饰形容词强调数量或程度时，它须放在比较级之后，意为“得多”；但当by far比较级前面有冠词时，可以放在比较级前。如：This is by far the better of the two. 两者之中，这一个好得多。10. Terry would certainly have attended the meeting _. A) if he didn&39;t get a flat tire B) ifTerry would certainly have attended the meeting _.A) if he didnt get a flat tireB) if he had not had a flat tireC) if the flat tire didnt happenD) if the tire did not flattenB主句中谓语动词用了would+have+attended，由此可以推断出是表示过去情况的虚拟条件句，故从句中谓语动词形式为过去完成式。11. Here is a quantity clause. 5000 metric tons, 5% more or less clause at seller&39;s option &quHere is a quantity clause. 5000 metric tons, 5% more or less clause at sellers option .Question: What does the clause mean? How much can the seller deliver the goods?(Translate the case into Chinese and then answer the question)Helpful hint :The case is mainly about the more or less clause.翻译下面是一项数量条款：“5000公吨，5%溢短装，由卖方选择。” 请问：这项条款的含义是什么?卖方可交多少数量的货物? It means that the quantity is 5000 metric tons, and the seller can deliver 5% more or less than that. According to the clause, the quantity delivered can range from 4 750 to 5 250 metric tons. 12. 消息的简短要以( )为原则A.长篇累牍B.内容充实C.描写细致D.叙述清楚参考答案：BD13. We should clean _ twice a day. Aour tooth Bour tooths Cour teeth DteethWe should clean _ twice a day.Aour toothBour toothsCour teethDteethC14. English is seen as a threat in countries where the national identity is needed.English is seen as a threat in countries where the national identity is needed.参考答案：T15. Last year, John earned _ his brother, who is less capable. A) three times as much as B)Last year, John earned _ his brother, who is less capable.A) three times as much asB) twice as many asC) twice worseD) three times as more asA此处用到倍数表达法：“倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as”；而钱是不可数名词，必须用much修饰。16. 属于艺术分析内容的是( )A.艺术构思B.人物介绍C.直接叙述D.景物和环境的描写参考答案：AD17. 在新闻评论的“四性”中，新闻性是基础，论辩性是方法，指导性是灵魂，公众性是方向。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B18. The buyers normally select the big port with more sailings, or a big port which makes them easier toThe buyers normally select the big port with more sailings, or a big port which makes them easier to send a _.vessel19. 调查报告的写作目的非常明确。它通常是为了解决某一类问题，指导某一项工作，总结某一类经验，对某一单位、某一部门的某些具体问题进行调查研究之后写出的。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B20. 散文区别于小说、戏剧的很重要的标志在于散文是一种( )。A.向内的抒情文体B.情节C.向内的叙事文体D.向外的叙事文体参考答案：A21. They accused their government _ betraying the interests of the people. A) about B) onThey accused their government _ betraying the interests of the people.A) aboutB) onC) forD) ofD固定搭配accuse somebody of (doing) something“控告某人(做了)某事。22. 电视广告文案是以画面为中心、以画面作为叙述语言的一种形式。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A23. 敬启者： 本公司曾经担任多家厂家的独家代理。我们专营精制棉织品，包括各类家用亚麻制品，行销中东。与贵公司敬启者：本公司曾经担任多家厂家的独家代理。我们专营精制棉织品，包括各类家用亚麻制品，行销中东。与贵公司一向有事务联系，互利合作。贵公司纺织部亦十分了解有关事务合作的情况。关于我方的信息，可向他们查询。为了促进产品在巴林的销售，我们愿意做贵方在此地的独家代理。您忠诚的Dear Sirs, We would like to inform you that we act on a sole agency basis for a number of manufactures. We specialize in finished cotton goods for the Middle Eastern marketOur activities cover all types of household linen. Until now, we have been working with your textiles department and our collaboration has proved to be mutually beneficialPlease refer to them for any information regarding our company. We are very interested in an exclusive arrangement with your factory for the promotion of your products in Bahrain. We look forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, 24. 组成行政公文文本格式主要有( )。A.眉首B.机密公文C.版记D.落款参考答案：ABC25. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable toAsitBsit onCbe satDThe chair looks rather hard, but in fact, it is very comfortable toAsitBsit onCbe satDbe sat on正确答案：B26. 札记古已有之，古代小木片为札，把随感文字书之于上，就是札记，盛行于唐代。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A27. 既有事实内容的广度又有事实内容的深度是深度报道的特性。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B28. 衡量一篇文章的质量、价值与作用的重要尺度是( )。A.主题B.为情造文C.语言D.结构参考答案：A29. 关于行文断续的要求不正确的说法是( )。A.断要当断则断，续要当续则续B.注意文采的绚丽华美C.断要告一暂歇，续要承前启后D.断要不觉突兀，续要有所准备参考答案：A30. 听力的文本驱动模式(名词解释)参考答案：文本驱动模式常作自下而上听力模式(bottom-up rnapproach)。本模式认为听力就是一个语音解码过程。听者利用语音、词汇和句子本身的知识进行语言因素分析达到对听力材料的理解。理解是从语音、单词、句子到整个讲篇逐步理解的过程。31. 请将正确答案填在第57处。请将正确答案填在第57处。正确答案：EE32. 网络上的超文本不具有超越时空障碍的辐射力。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A33. 导语常见的写作方法有：( )等多种A.对比式B.提问式C.征引式D.结论式参考答案：ABCD34. 庄重的语言风格样式是严肃、沉静、端方、凝重。在许多时候，它更多地体现为一种文体上的风格表现。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B35. Now _ your turn to retell the text. A) there is B) there comes C) comes D) has comesNow _ your turn to retell the text.A) there isB) there comesC) comesD) has comesC状语now在句首，句子完全倒装。36. 豪放的风格充满阳刚之气，而婉约的语言风格则漫溢着阴柔。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B37. He refused to tell us whether he _ (undertake)the job.He refused to tell us whether he _ (undertake)the job.would undertake38. He said he would _ me to the president, but he didnt.ArecommendBcommunicateCcommeHe said he would _ me to the president, but he didnt.ArecommendBcommunicateCcommentDrequest正确答案：A解析：句意：他说过他会向总统推荐我，但是他没有。本题考查动词词义辨析。recommend“推荐，介绍”；communicate“联系，交流”；comment“评论”；request“要求，请求，需要”。39. 教案必须适应学生的认知规律和知识与能力的生成转化规律，事实确凿，表述清楚直白。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B40. Jane always enjoys _ to popular music at home on Friday evenings. A) listening B)Jane always enjoys _ to popular music at home on Friday evenings.A) listeningB) being listeningC) to be listeningD) to listenAenjoy通常后接名词、动名词和代词，C和D选项排除。B选项being listening表示的是现在进行时态，而句中有always一词，表明这个动作是惯常的动作，所以只能选A。41. The core lexicon of basic English is ( ).A. made up of French wordsB. from Latin and GrThe core lexicon of basic English is ( ).A. made up of French wordsB. from Latin and GreekC. derived from CelticD. of Germanic origin参考答案：D42. 在表达方法上，消息多侧重于叙述和描写，议论和抒情。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A43. 悬念式导语是指这种方式的特点是激发读者的阅读兴趣，增强可读性。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B44. Your close co-operation in this respect will be highly appreciatedIn the meantime we await your shiYour close co-operation in this respect will be highly appreciatedIn the meantime we await your shipping _ by cable.AadviceBadvanceCadviseDadvantageA45. 标题、开头、结尾、段落、行文线索等可称为文章的内部结构。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A46. 如要获取材料，观察的条件有( )A.端正观察态度B.运用比较方法C.选好观察点D.加入理性思考参考答案：ABCD47. Astyle. ,BwayCmethodDmannerAstyle. ,BwayCmethodDmanner正确答案：B解析：thewaywelive中theway是先行词，welive是个定语从句，中间省了inwhichthat，意为我们生活的方式。注意容易误选style，此处需要的是担当从句的句子而不是名词性短语。48. There is no ( ) for air conditioners during the winter.A、saleB、sellingC、purchaseD、buy参考答案：C49. 散文中不能有虚构和想象。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：B50. 远焦叙述主要有哪两种类型?( )A.长镜头为主B.为读者和社会负责C.间离法以变焦D.高视点以变焦参考答案：CD51. 分类抽样调查是把总体按性质不同分为几类，每类中再选几个样本进行调查。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B52. 概述交际法的理论基础及其当前交际语言教学课堂活动的特征。参考答案：理论基础：(1)语言学理论基础是20世纪60年代兴起70年代形成高潮的社会语言学。尤其是社会语言学家海姆斯的交际能力理论和功能主义语言学家韩礼德的功能语言理论和话语分析理论，以及威多森的语言交际观。(2)心理学基础是人本主义心理学和20世纪60年代后期兴起的心理语言学。交际法强调以学生为中心，首先要分析学习者对第二语言的需要，教学内容和教学方法的确定都必须从学习者的需要出发。交际法还认为，学习者在言语中出现一些错误是正常的也是不可避免的现象，学习者所追求的不可能是完美无缺的交际，而只能是有缺陷的但有效的交际，因此，对学习者的语言错误不应苛求。特征：(1)以培养交际功能为宗旨，明确提出第二语言教学目标是培养创造性地运用语言的交际能力，不仅要求语言运用的正确性，还要求得体性。(2)以功能意念为纲。根据学习者的实际需要，选取真实自然的语言材料，而不是经过加工后的“教科书语言”。(3)教学过程交际化，交际既是学习的目的也是学习的手段，在教学中创造接近真实交际的情景并多采用小组活动的形式，通过大量言语交际活动培养运用语言交际的能力，并把课堂交际活动与课外生活中的交际结合起来。(4)以话语为教学的基本单位。认为语言不是存在于孤立的词语或句子中，而是存在于连贯的语篇中。(5)单项技能训练与综合性技能训练相结合，以综合性训练为主，最后达到在交际中综合运用语言的目的。(6)对学习者在学习过程中出现的语言错误有一定的容忍度，不影响交际的错误能不纠就不纠，尽量鼓励学习者发挥言语交际活动的主动性和积极性。(7)交际法强调以学生为中心，强调教学要为学生的交际需要服务，以语言功能为纲根据学以致用的原则，针对不同专业的学习者安排“专用语言”的教学。(8)主张采用多种教学手段，不应是仅仅一本教科书，而应该是“教学包”，即教师用书、辅导读物、磁带、挂图、录像、电影、电视等。(9)让学生处于情景之中，身临其境地感受氛围，用汉语进行交际，是交际教学的精髓。53. ( ) by bus is slow and difficult in some districts.A.TravelB.JourneyC.Trip正确答案：A54. 下边哪种不是常用的修改方法?( )A.冷改法B.文章做法全集C.诵改法D.通改法参考答案：D55. 从写作的实质出发，写作具有以下几个特点：( )A.综合性B.艰苦性表明只有辛苦思考才能写出好文章C.创造性D.规范性参考答案：ABCD56. 关于意图制导的意义的说法不正确的是( )。A.意图制导对写作并不是充分而必要的B.倒叙C.意图制导照耀着写作过程的始末D.意图制导体面文章的主要职能参考答案：A57. 意见可用于上级机关对下级机关，也可以用于下级机关对上级机关，还可以用于平级机关相互行文。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A58. 内容的完整表达，是保证段意单一的必要条件。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B59. Henrys job was to examine cars which crossed the frontier to make (21) that they were not smuggling (走私) anything into the country. Every evening, except at weekends , he (22) see a factory worker co21. A. known B. clear C. obvious D. sure22. A. would B. must C. might D. should23. A. had B. ought C. used D. wanted24. A. bicycle B. hill C. straw D. worker25. A. when B. before C. while D. as26. A. thinking B. suspecting C. expecting D. insisting27. A. thoroughly B. through C. down D. up28. A. carefully B. successfully C. obviously D. silently29. A. return B. retreat C. retire D. rest30. A. short while B. a period C. few minutes D. some time参考答案：DACCB CBBCB60. 记叙性说明文介乎文学的描写和写实的说明之间。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A