景观设计外文文献翻译

-毕业设计论文外 文 参 考 资 料 及 译 文译文题目：Ecological planning in the urban landscapedesign学生*：*：*专业： 园林 所在学院： 园艺学院 指导教师：*职称：讲师2013年 3 月 15 日Abstract: This article discusses the urban landscape from the relation of the following three concepts: the landscape, the city and the ecology. This paper mainly discusses how the landscape influences the citys living environment.The landscape is a stigma in the land, which is of the relationship between human and human, between man and nature. There e*ists some subtle relationship among landscape, city and humanized design. 摘要:本文从景观、城市、生态三个概念之间的相互联系来论诉城市景观。本 文中着重论述了景观对城市居住环境的影响。景观是人与人、人与自然关系在大 地上的烙印。景观、城市、生态以及人性化的设计理念之间存在着微妙而复杂的联系。I. City and The Landscape(1) Overview of Landscape DesignLandscape design, first, is a peoples thinking activity, performed as an art activity.Diversified thoughts formed ple* diverse landscape art style. Contemporary landscape design apparently see is the diversity of the landscape forms,in fact its essence is to keep the closing up to the natural order system, reflected the more respect for human beings, more in-depth perspective of the nature of humans reality and need, not to try to conquer the nature.it is not even imitating natural, but produce a sense of belonging. Landscape is not only a phenomenon but the human visual scene. So the earliest landscape implications is actually city scene. Landscape design and creation is actually to build the city.(2) The Relationship Between Landscape and UrbanCity is a product of human social, economic and cultural development, and the most ple* type. It is vulnerable to the artificial and natural environmental conditions of interference. In recent decades, with worldwide the acceleration of urbanization, the urban population intensive, heavy traffic, resource shortage, environment pollution and ecology deterioration has bee the focus of attention of the human society. In the current environment condition in our country, the problem is very serious. and in some urban areas, the pollution has quite serious, and greatly influenced and restricts the sustainable development of the city.Landscape is the relationship between man and man, man and nature. This is, in fact, a kind of human living process. Living process is actually with the powers of nature and the interaction process, in order to obtain harmonious process. The landscape is the result of human life in order to survive and to adapt the natural. At the same time, the living process is also a process of establishning harmonious coe*istence. Therefore, as a colony landscape, it is a stigma of the relationship between man and nature.II the city landscape planning and design(1) city landscape elementsThe urban landscape elements include natural landscape and artificial landscape . Among them, the natural landscape is mainly refers to the natural scenery, such as size hills, ancient and famous trees, stone, rivers, lakes, oceans, etc. Artificial landscape are the main cultural relics, cultural site, the botanical garden afforestation, art sketch, trade fairs, build structure, square, etc. These landscape elements must offer a lot of e*amples for creating high quality of the urban space environment. But for a unique urban landscape, you must put all sorts of landscape elements in the system organization,and create an orderly space form.(2)the urban landscape in the planningThe city is an organic whole, which is posed with material, economy, culture, and society.To improve the urban environment is a mon voice.The key of the urban landscape design is to strengthen urban design ideas, strengthen urban design work. and blend urban design thought into the stages of urban planning. The overall urban planning in the city landscape planning is not to abandon the traditional garden, green space planning, but the e*tension and development of it.Both are no conflict, but also cannot be equal.In landscape planningof city planning, we should first analysis the urban landscape resources structure, fully e*ploit landscape elements which can reflect the characteristics of urban.Consider carefully for the formation of the system of urban landscape.III ecological planning and urban landscape (1) the relationship of urban landscape and ecological planning Landscape ecology is a newly emerged cross discipline, the main research space pattern and ecological processes of interaction, its theme is the fork the geography and ecology. Its with the whole landscape as the object, through the material flow, energy flow and information flowing the surface of the earth and value in transmission and e*change, through the biological and the biological and the interaction between human and transformation, the ecological system principle and system research methods of landscape structure and function.the dynamic change of landscape has interaction mechanism, the research of the landscape pattern, optimizing the structure, beautify the reasonable use and the protection, have very strong practicability. Urban ecological system is a natural, economic and social posite artificial ecosystem, it including life system, environment system, with a ple* multi-level structure, can be in different approaches of human activity and the mutual relationship between the city and influence. Urban environment planning guidance and coordination as a macro department interests, optimizing the allocation of land resources city, reasonable urban space environment organization the important strategic deployment, must have ecological concept. Only to have the ecological view, to guide the construction of the city in the future to ecological city goal, to establish the harmonious living environment. In recent years, landscape planning in urban landscape features protection and urban environment design is wide used.(2) landscape in the living environment of ecological effectLandscape as a unit of land by different inlaid with obvious visual characteristics of the geographic entities, with the economic, ecological and aesthetic value, the multiple value judgment is landscape planning and management foundation. Landscape planning and design always is to create a pleasant landscape as the center. The appropriate human nature can understand the landscape for more suitable for human survival, reflect ecological civilization living environment, including landscape, building economy, prudent se* ecological stability, environmental cleanliness, space crowded inde*, landscape beautiful degree of content, the current many places for residential area of green, static, beauty, Anns requirement is the popular e*pression. Landscape also paid special attention to the spatial relationship landscape elements, such as shape and size,density and capacity, links, and partition, location and of sequence, as their content of material and natural resources as important as quality. As the urban landscape planning should pay attention to arrange the city space pattern, the relative concentration of the open space, the construction space to density alternate with; In artificial environment appeared to nature; Increase the visual landscape diversity; Protect the environment MinGanOu and to promote green space system construction.(3) the urban landscape and ecological planning and design of the fusion of each other.The city landscape and ecological planning design reflects human a new dream, it is acpanied by industrialization and after the arrival of the era of industrial and increasingly clear. Natural and cultural, design of the environment and life environment, beautiful form and ecological functions of real prehensive fusion, the landscape is no longer a single city of specific land, but let the ablation, to thousands; It will let nature participate in design; Let the natural process with every one according to daily life; Let people to perception, e*perience and care the natural process and natural design.(4) the city landscape ecological planning the humanized design1. it is with the person this design thought Contemporary landscape in meet purpose at the same time, more in-depth perspective on human of the nature of reality and needs. First performance for civilian design direction, application of natural organic materials and elastic curve form rich human life space. Ne*t is the barrier-free design, namely no obstacle, not dangerous thing, no manipulation of the barrier design. Now there have been the elderly, the disabled, from the perspective of the social tendency, barrier-free design ideas began to gain popularity, at the same time for disadvantaged people to carry on the design also is human nature design to overall depth direction development trend. It is with the person this the service thoughts still behave in special attention to plant of bright color, smell good plant, pay attention to ZuoJu te*ture and the intensity of the light. The detail processing of considerate more e*pression of the concern, such as the only step to shop often caused visual ignored and cause staggered, in order to avoid this kind of circumstance happening, contemporary landscape sites do not be allowed under 3 steps; And as some residential area and square in the bush set mop pool, convenient the districts hygiene and wastewater recycling water. It is with the person this the service thoughts in many ways showed, the measure of the standard is human love.1. 1 human landscape design concept is human landscape design is to point to in landscape design activity, pay attention to human needs, in view of the user to the environment of the landscape of a need to spread design, which satisfied the user physiological and psychological, physical and mental multi-level needs, embodies the people-oriented design thought. Urban public space human landscape design, from the following four aspects to understand:1. 1.1 physical level of care. Human landscape design with functional and the rationality of design into premise condition, pay attention to the physical space reasonable layout and effective use of the function. Public space design should not only make peoples psychology and physiology feel fortable, still should configuration of facilities to meet peoples ple* activities demand1. The level of caring heart 1.2 Daniel. In construction material form of the space at the same time, the positive psychology advocate for users with the attention that emotion, and then make the person place to form the security, field feeling and belonging.1. 1.3 club will level of care. Emphasizes the concern of human survival environment, the design in the area under the background of urban ecological overall planning and design, to make the resources, energy rationally and effectively using, to achieve the natural, social and economic benefits of the unity of the three.1. 1.4 to a crowd of segmentation close care. Advocate barrier-free design, and try to meet the needs of different people use, and to ensure that the group of mutual influence between activities, let children, old people, disabled people can enjoy outdoor public the fun of life.1. 2 and human landscape design related environmental behavior knowledge the environment behavior is human landscape design, the main research field, pay attention to the environment and peoples e*plicit behavior and the relationship between the interaction, tried to use the psychology of the some basic theory, methods researchers in the city and architecture in activities and to the environment of the response, and the feedback the information can be used to guide the environment construction and renovation. Western psychologist dirk DE Joan to put forward the boundary effect theory. He points out that the edge of space is people like to stay area, also is the space of the growth of the activity area 3. Like the urban space, the margin of the wood, down the street, and the rain at the awning, awnings, corridor construction sunken place, is people like the place to stay. At the edge of space, and other people or organizations to distance themselves are is better able to observe the space of the eyes and not to be disturbed. Man seeth is the persons nature. A large public space are e*isting the man seeth phenomenon: the viewer consciously or unconsciously observation, in the space in front of the all activities. At the same time, some of the people with strong performance desire, in public space in various activities to attract the attention of others, so as to achieve self-fulfillment cheerful. The seemingly simple man seeth phenomenon, but can promote space more activities production. For e*ample, for a walk of pedestrians may be busy street performance and to join the ranks of the show attracts, with the strange because the audience is the sight of the activities of the wonderful and short conversation, art lovers of the infection by environmental atmosphere began to sketch activities. Environmental design, according to environmental behavior related knowledge, actively create boundary space provide people stay, rest, the place of talking to facilitate more spaceActivities of generation, the rich visitors sensory e*periences2. The design of the sustainable developmentSustainable development principle, it is the ecology point of view, to the city system analysis, and with the minimum the minimal resource consumption to satisfy the requirements of the human, and maintain the harmony of human and the natural environment, guarantee the city several position system-to protect natural evolution process of open space system and the urban development system balance. People are to landscape understanding of the contemporary landscape design and the function to reflect, have been pletely out of the traditional gardening activities, the concept of landscape art value unconsciously and ecological value, the function value, cultural value happened relationship, landscape art category than before more pointed to the human is closely linked with the various aspects, bee more profound and science. Contemporary landscape also actively use new technology to improve the ecological value. Such as the use of solar energy for square garden, lighting and sound bo* equipment supply electricity; The surface water cycle design concept, collecting rainwater for irrigation and waterscape provides the main resources; Using the principle of the construction of the footway, buoys that environmental protection level a kiss and interesting. And by using water scene drought, landscape water do ecology (ecological wetland), ecological *iGou half natural change landscape humanized waterscape design, avoid the manual water scene is the difficulty of the later-period management, but in the water since the net, purifying environment and promote biodiversity play a huge role. Therefore, to e*perience the landscape will surely is contained to nature and the tradition, to human patibility.The urban landscape the principles of sustainable development and implementation details:2.1 the efficiency of land use principle for land to the survival of humans is one of the most effective resources, especially in Chinas large population, land resources are e*tremely deficient, urbanization rapidly increase background, the reasonable efficient use of land, is that we should consider an important issue. For the city landscape is concerned, how to productive use of the land Three-dimensional is efficient land use is the most effective means. The urban landscape three-dimensional to take ideas contains the following si* aspects of meaning. (1) in the limited on land, as much as possible to provide activity places, form the three-dimensional multi-layer activities platform landscape environment. (2) improve afforestation land use efficiency, in the same land, adopt appropriate to niche by, shrubs and trees of co-e*istence and co-prosperity between three-dimensional planting layout. (3) to solve the good man, for the contradiction in green, the green space and human activity space layout of the interchanges. (4) the up and down or so, all sides three-dimensional view observation, increased the landscape environment the visual image of the visual rate. (5) from the static landscape to dynamic landscape. 6 not only from the traditional technology of modern technology to introduce more (such as crossing bridge, light rail, electric rail, etc), show a colorful three-dimensional space.2.2 energy efficiency principle along with the rapid development of urbanization, Chinas energy demand is more and more big, the energy gap also more and more big. In recent years, Chinas major cities have put forward the light project, the public area lighting consumption in the great power. For energy efficiency in the understanding, first from the consideration on the energy saving should be not only, and should stand in the higher of the environmental protection high to know, meaning that more e*tensive, and more far-reaching. (for more than 70% of generating capacity in China at present still by coal, e*ist for SO2, CO2 and nitric o*ide and other harmful gas emissions and coal dust emissions and a series of environmental problems)2.3 plant with an ecological principle city system, the green space system is perfect or not of the citys environmental quality plays a vital role. Perfect green space system, to improve the city microclimate plays an important role, it can rise to improve small regional temperature, air humidity, windbreak and sand-fi*ation, purify air, provide o*ygen and so on a series of ecological change the role of environmental factors. Urban green space system as a city human important activities of the e*ternal space, planning and design should not only from the plant itself on system, should the broader perspective, considering a person to nature to be close to, rely on the requirements, on the one hand, satisfying the peoples physical needs, such as the right temperature, humidity, clean air and so on need, on the other hand to meet people of the nature of the attachment psychological need. One the one hand, to meet the city function requirements, on the other hand, will play natural systems potential e*tremely. At present, the city of plants with e*isting in the implant the following problems: put too much emphasis on green technology and engineering technology of gardening, loving fast for Jane, formed only simple so-called Joe, flooding, grass structure, ecological process is ignored, fierce petition among plants, normal growth form was suppressed, the diversity of the munity and stability suffocate suffocate, plant diseases and insect pests rampant, maintenance cost is high, the waste of human, material and financial resources. So in the urban design of plants with plant should achieve what kind of effect It should be a satisfying the peoples psychological and physiological activities, meet the natural plant of the self-improvement circulation system, and meet the microbe, plants, birds, and all kinds of close to human beings, animals of the ecological system, and meet the soil and water protection, air purification, water purification up ma*imum adjustment function of the system. To provide more of a harmonious and orderly biological and stable habitats and more living space, establishment pound level and beautiful season of color in plant munity, city landscape has offered only low-grade manual administration, the landscape resources sustainable maintain and develop, that is the goal of our pursuit. Under the guidance of the principle, city with plant should consider the following plants detailed rules. (1) each city green plants with plant to and urban green space system match, and city and the surrounding landscape plant form the whole dynamic stability of the green ecological system. (2) the zonal simulation of