山东省青岛市中考英语 第二部分 专题语法 高效突破 专项12 简单句课件

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第二部分第二部分 专题语法专题语法 高效突破高效突破专项专项 1212 简单句简单句高频考点高频考点精讲精讲考点考点 1 陈述句陈述句 定义:用来陈述一件事实或表达说话者看法的句子叫作陈述句,陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。1.肯定句肯定句肯定句的基本结构是“主语谓语其他”。如:She went to the Great Wall yesterday.她昨天去了长城。2.否定句否定句肯定句变否定句的基本结构如下:(1)be动词的否定式。在be动词后面加否定词not。如:We arent classmates.我们不是同班同学。(2)情态动词的否定式。在情态动词后面直接加否定词not。如:I cant speak English well.我英语说得不好。(3)实义动词的否定式。借助助动词do / does / did构成。一般现在时的句子的否定结构为“主语doesnt / dont动词原形其他”。如:He doesnt do exercise every day.他不是每天都做锻炼。【注意注意】(1)完全否定,常用not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,neither,none,never等词表示完全否定。如:I will not eat supper tomorrow.我明天不吃晚饭了。Nobody knew him.(过去)没人知道他。(2)部分否定,常用两种形式表示:用hardly,seldom,few,little等词表示。 如:He seldom writes home.他很少给家里写信。not和both,all,each,every,quite,always等连用表示部分否定。如:She does not always watch TV in the evening.她不总是在晚上看电视。考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句1.一般疑问句一般疑问句定义:以系动词、助动词或情态动词开头,可以用Yes / No来回答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。(1)基本结构如下:Be+主语+其他?情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?助动词+主语+动词原形+其他?(2)回答:对一般疑问句作肯定回答时,通常是“Yes,主语be / 助动词 / 情态动词”;作否定回答时,通常是“No,主语be / 助动词 / 情态动词not”,not一般与前面的词语构成缩略形式。如:Are you a doctor?你是医生吗?Yes,I am.是的,我是。No,Im not.不,我不是。Do you like playing football?你喜欢踢足球吗?Yes,I do.是的,我喜欢。/No,I dont.不,我不喜欢。【注意注意】 一般疑问句通常是怎么问,怎么答,即用什么词提问,就用什么词回答,但有下列情况时除外: 用其他词语代替yes或no来回答,从而使语气变得客气、委婉。如:Can you come and go to the park with me?你能与我一起去公园吗?Im afraid not.I have a lot of homework to do.恐怕不行,我有很多作业要做。 否定的一般疑问句通常是以be动词、情态动词或助动词与not的缩略形式开头,往往表示惊讶、赞叹、怀疑等语气。如:Dont you know that?(表示惊讶)你不知道那件事吗?Yes,I do.不,我知道。/No,I dont.是的,我不知道。 对否定的一般疑问句作简略回答时也用yes或no,但其汉语翻译与其原意正好相反。2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句定义:用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句。特殊疑问词包括疑问代词、疑问副词和由疑问词构成的疑问短语。特殊疑问句不能用Yes / No回答。(1)常用疑问代词:what“什么”;who“谁”;whom“谁”(who的宾格);which“哪个”;whose“谁的”(提问物品的主人)。疑问代词可以提问主语、 宾语、表语或定语。(2)常用疑问副词:when“何时”;where“何地”;how“怎么”;why“为什么”。 疑问副词提问状语。(3)常用疑问短语:what time“什么时刻”;how many / much“多3 3. .选择疑问句选择疑问句概念概念形式形式对问题给出两个或两个以上答案,供对方选择其一的疑问句 一般疑问句or选择项? 特殊疑问句选择项or选择项? 选择疑问句不用yes或no回答,可用完整的陈述句或其简略形式作答,也可用不定代词all,either,neither或none作答,只要根据实际情况回答便可。如:Do you like apples or pears?你喜欢苹果还是梨?Apples.苹果。Which do you want to drink,tea or coffee?你想喝什么,茶还是咖啡?I prefer coffee.我更喜欢喝咖啡。4 4. .反意疑问句反意疑问句 定义:附加在陈述句后,对陈述内容进行反问的句子叫反意疑问句(又称附加问句),一般由两部分组成:陈述句简略问句? 结构原则:“三同一反”原则。所谓“三同一反”原则,即:人称相同、动词相同、时态相同;前肯后否或前否后肯。如下表:形式形式例句例句肯定陈述句附加否定疑问句Lucy often goes to school on foot,doesnt she?露西经常步行去上学,不是吗?否定陈述句附加肯定疑问句You havent finished your work,have you?你还没有完成工作,是吗?形式形式例句例句Lets祈使句,shall we?Lets have a rest,shall we?咱们休息一下,好吗?Let us祈使句,will you?Let us go to the mall,will you?我们去商场,可以吗?肯定祈使句,will / wont you?Be sure to write to us,will you?你一定要给我们写信,好吗?Come to have dinner with us this evening,wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?否定祈使句,will you?Dont smoke in the meeting room,will you?不要在会议室抽烟,好吗? (1)反意疑问句中常出现的特殊形式: 若陈述句中含有否定副词never(从不,决不),hardly(几乎不)或其他表示否定的代词或副词,如:nothing,none,no one,nobody,neither,few,little,seldom等时,则附加问句只能用肯定形式。 陈述句是I think / I suppose / I believe / I consider等结构时,问句一般与从句保持一致。注意否定前移。 陈述句主语是something / anything / everything / nothing等不定代词时,反问句中代词用it;陈述句主语是somebody / someone / anybody / anyone / everybody / everyone等时,反问句中代词用they,she或he,注意问句中动词的数应与they / she / he保持一致。 (2)对反义疑问句的回答: 不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句,若事实是肯定的,答语就要用yes;事实是否定的,答语就要用no。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中,yes意为“不”,no意为“是的”。如:He didnt go to the meeting,did he?他没有参加这次会议,是吗?Yes,he did.不,他参加了。十年真题十年真题全练全练 近十年青岛中考主要考查了句子的基本类型的用法。复习时要熟记四种基本类型,感叹句、疑问句、祈使句和陈述句的构成。纵观历年的中考发现,句式不会作为一个独立的考查点,而是作为承载知识点的基本载体,所以在每一个题型中都是必考的,也需要我们重点掌握。 考题重点考查疑问句,偶尔出现感叹句和祈使句。但在综合填空和阅读表达也常出现。考点考点 2 疑问句疑问句1.2017青岛,10题_C_ do you go to a movie? Twice a week. A.How long B.How soon C.How often D.How far2.2016青岛,3题 A do you usually share happiness with? My parents and my best friend. A.Who B.Whose C.What D.How3.2015青岛,12题How many times _D_Carl _ to the Great Wall? Only once. A.does;go B.did;go C.has;gone D.has;been4.2014青岛,5题_A_ is it from your home to school? Its three miles. A.How far B.How long C.How big D.How high5.2013青岛,8题Do you know C the girl in blue is? Im not sure.Maybe a teacher. A.whose B.how C.what D.which6.2012青岛,21题_B_ do the children take art lessons a week? Three or four times. A.How long B.How many times C.How soon D.How often7.2011青岛,16题Could you please pass me the book? _C_. A.Yes,I could B.No,I couldnt C.Sure.Here you are D.No,thats no problem8.2011青岛,22题Hello!Im very glad to see you.When _A_ you_ here? A.did;arrive B.will;arrive C.have;arrived D.are;arriving9.2009青岛,17题Mike,would you mind not wearing those old jeans? They look terrible. _A_. A.OK,Ill put on another pair B.OK,Ill take it C.Sorry,I wont be long D.Yes,please考点考点 3 感叹句感叹句10.2013青岛,2题_B_ it is today! Yes.Shall we go hiking? A.How fine weather B.What fine weather C.What a fine weather D.How fine the weather 考点考点 4 祈使句祈使句 11.2014青岛,6题 B away from the lake,boys.It is deep. A.Stays B.Stay C.Staying D.To stay猜押预测猜押预测1.Is the mobile phone new or old? _.I bought it only two days ago. A.Its old B.Its new C.Yes,it is D.No,it isnt2.Millie,_ do you take the course in DIY? Every Saturday afternoon. A.how long B.how far C.how much D.how often3._ is it from your home to your school? It is about 10 minutes ride. A.How long B.How soon C.How far D.How often4.He doesnt speak English or Japanese,_? _.He speaks Chinese. A.does he;Yes,he doesnt B.doesnt he;No,he does C.does he;No,he doesnt D.does he;Yes,he doesBDCC5.Summy ate nothing for breakfast this morning,_? No,because she had a stomachache. A.isnt she B.was she C.didnt she D.did she6.What does your new classmate look like? _. A.He is from Australia B.He is tall and of medium build C.He is very nice to others D.He has a pair of blue shoes7.You didnt find the owner of the books,did you? _.So I gave them to our teacher. A.No,I did B.Yes,I didnt C.No,I didnt D.Yes,I did8._ interesting TV program Running Man is!I watch it every week. A.How B.What C.What a D.What anDBCD9.Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize. _ great she is!We Chinese are so proud of her. A.What a B.What C.How a D.How10.Tommy,_ play basketball in the street next time.You may get hit by a car. A.do B.dont C.must D.mustnt11._dressed now!We have to go in ten minutes. OK,Mom. A.Getting B.Get C.To get D.GetsDBB
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