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语法填空考试大纲要求考纲解读在一篇约200词左右的短文中留出10个空白，部分空白后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文在空白处填写1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。考查考生对语法、词汇和语用知识的掌握情况。语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。【考点统计】20152016年高考新课标全国卷语法填空考点统计年份 有提示词类试题无提示词类试题特殊句式及固定搭配谓语动词非谓语动词派生词比较等级其他冠词名词介词代词情态动词形容副词并列连词状语从句名词从句定语从句特殊句式固定搭配2017年全国卷I22211010000001002017年全国卷II 213001010000000002016年全国卷I120001211010001002016年全国卷II2121132015年全国卷I221020010010001002015年全国卷II13302101000001011【语法填空解题策略】语法填空题设空设空大致有如下特点：无提示词一般考查：冠词、介词、连词、代词、助动词、固定搭配等有提示词一般考查：谓语动词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词等。具体策略：(一)给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，或是填写非谓语动词；(二)给出词语，词性的变化，如名词、动词、形容词、副词之间的转化，名词的复数形式，给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；(三)给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；(四)不给词语填写限定词的时候，很可能是填冠词、人称代词主格宾格形式，物主代词、反身代词的单复数形式。形容词性物主代词或some、any、other、another等限定词；有的名词前有限定词，比如：序数词，形容词的最高级等，其前用定冠词。Cloze 1（2017新课标I卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文人们对于食物中的脂肪和盐分的态度22110分钟There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。61. as 63. to process 【解析】考查不定式。句意：他们被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被动形式为“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。64. are removed 【解析】考查被动语态。句意：当脂肪和盐分从食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之间是被动关系，脂肪和盐分是两种东西，且是被人们去掉，所以用被动语态。故填are removed。65. a 【解析】考查冠词。固定短语as a result表示“结果”。句意：结果，人们将吃更多的食物去弥补损失的东西。故填a。66. worse 【解析】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，人们所吃快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。67. is 70. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整句话。Cloze 2（2017新课标II卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文地铁的最初发展史19210分钟 In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible _61_(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, _63_(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over_64_ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced. Steam engines _65_(use) to pull the carriages and it must have been_66_(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using_67_ every day.Later, engineers _68_(manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the _69_ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most _70_(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。61.crowds【解析】考查名词，此处表示复数概念，crowd前没有冠词，且它是可数名词，故填crowds。62.from 【解析】考查介词，to and from来回，故填from。63.laying【解析】考查非谓语动词，这里是由and连接的三个动词-ing形式，故填laying。64.the【解析】考查冠词，top是名词，前要用冠词，故填the.65.were used【解析】考查被动语态，此处表示过去的被动，故填were used。66.fairly Cloze 3（2017新课标III卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文学业和诱人的职业面前的选择21510分钟She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning 6500 a day as 62 model in New York. Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britains new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture. Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I dont want to have nothing else to fall back on when I cant model any more.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了Sarah Thomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择，她认为在青少年时期要把学业放在首位。61. resting 65. to prove 【解析】考查非谓语动词。want to do sth.想要做某事。66. education 【解析】考查词形转换。形容词性物主代词后面应该接名词形式。67. invitations Cloze 4（2017浙江卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率记叙文戒指失而复归20610分钟Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. She thought I had hurt 59 (I),says Pahlsson. Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters then ten, eight, and sixhad picked it up, but the girls said they hadnt. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. I gave up hope of finding my ring again, she says. She never replaced it. Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrots leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在花园里拔胡萝卜时，找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的故事。56. carrots 【解析】考查名词。根据a handful of 可知要用carrot的复数形式，故填carrots。57. shiny/shining 【解析】考查形容词。a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining。58. so 【解析】考查固定结构。根据空后的loudly that her daughter came running from the house可知这里为sothat结构，意为如此以至于，故填so。59. myself Cloze 5（2016新课标I卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率记叙文四川成都大熊猫基地的所见所闻19710分钟Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asias biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top 61 (attract). So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I 62 （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be 63 (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include 67 (introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few 69 ( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。61. attraction 65.when 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。66. permitted 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。67. introducing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填introducing。68. its 【解析】考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知，此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。69. days 【解析】考查名词。由few修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填days。 every few days是每隔几天的意思。70.the 【解析】考查冠词。这里考查的是one.the other.这一固定搭配，意为一个另一个Cloze 6（2016新课标II卷）体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率说明文合理释放压力19010分钟If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 61 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of 62 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable. Most of us are more focused 64 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 65 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished. Recent 66 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 67 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 68 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy. If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely 69 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, 70 (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【语篇解读】本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。61. greater 64.on 【解析】考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。固定短语be focused on 意为集中于。故填on。65.as 【解析】考查连词。因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构asas possible意为尽可能。66.studies Cloze 1(山东省济南外国语学校2017届高三质量检测)体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率记叙文城市戈马，年轻人办成音乐节20110分钟Music festivals are popular across Africa. But this seems something few would have imagined possible in Goma. For years, the city 1 (link) to wars. The young people were tired of years of 2 (violent), and a youth group set out to organize a music festival 3 peace in the Democratic Republic of Congo. They decided to hold the event in the 4 (east) city of Goma.Their first attempt in 2013 was cancelled 5 Goma came under attack. But last year,25,000 people came to the city to hear their favorite artists play. And this year, some of Africas top musicians decided to attend.The crowd cheered 6 Habib Koite arrived for his performance. The smoke machines fired up. Some people stood one behind another, 7 (form) a line. Thousands of other people ate, drank and danced in the dust.Vianney Bisimwa was one of the 8 (organizer) of the festival. He says he and other young people wanted to change the image of Goma.Although the country is known for wars, it is also famous for 9 (it) music. Many local artists sing openly about the conflict. Vianney Bisimwa says this gives people 10 chance to express their feelings.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了刚果民主共和国一个长期战乱的城市戈马，年轻人为了和平几经努力终于办成音乐节的事。1.has been linked 【解析】考查动词。句意：这个城市已经和战争联系在一起数年了。2.violence 【解析】考查名词。介词of后面应用名词形式。3.for 【解析】考查介词。for表示为。句意：一个年轻人团体为了和平在刚果民主共和国组织了一次音乐节。4.eastern 8.organizers 【解析】考查名词的数。句意：Vianney Bisimwa是音乐节的其中一个组织者。表示人用organizer，One of 后加名词复数形式，故填organizers。9.its 【解析】考查代词。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词。10.a 【解析】考查冠词。句意：这给了人们一次表达感情的机会。chance是可数名词，这里表示一次机会，故前面要加a。Cloze 2(广东省佛山市高明区第一中学2017届高三第二次大考)体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率记叙文父亲与期待20618分钟No one loves me more than my parents, especially my father. My father is stout and strong, 1 a severe look on his face and keen expressive eyes. At first sight you may feel him hard 2 ( approach ). In fact he is very kind and considerate. I believe my father is a 3 ( talent ) man. He is decisive and efficient in doing things. By his own talents and years of efforts, he 4 ( provide ) his family with a good social position and a 5 ( relative ) rich life. Besides, he lives in harmony with others and never quarrels with anyone, so people from all walks of life come to my home, from 6 Ive gained lots of social experiences. But at home he is a strict parent who is hard on me and has high 7 ( expectation ) of me. I can see that my idling away time 8 ( hurt ) him deeply, while if I have done something great and meaningful, such as 19_ ( write ) a book, he will be more excited than me. I always remind 10 ( me ) I must go on and on, and never shall I give up halfway.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述父亲是一个结实健壮的人，友好善良，用自己的天赋和努力为家人创造了好的生活，但是父亲对我严格，期待很高。我将不会辜负父亲的厚望，一定努力，决不不半路放弃。1.with 【解析】考查动词。句意：用自己的天赋和多年的努力，父亲为全家提供了好的社会地位和相对富裕的生活。根据语境可知，提供这一动作指过去发生的动作对现在造成的结果，用现在完成时。主语是第三人称单数。故填has provided。5.relatively 【解析】考查副词。relatively相对地修饰rich作状语，作状语用副词。故填relatively。6.whom 【解析】考查定语从句。from _6_ Ive gained lots of social experiences作定语修饰all walks of life，作介词宾语，指人，用关系代词whom。故填whom。7.expectations 作宾语用翻身代词。故填myself。Cloze 3(2017届四川省双流中学高三下学期模拟考试)体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率 记叙文 李健忠学习制作糖画 18710分钟As less people choose to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a1(distance) memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, is committed to2(keep) the art of sugar painting alive.Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After3mine closed down, Li turned4housing decoration, until he5(force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by6(he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make a7(vary) of sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with8(melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman9(normal) paint animals and flowers on a stone board with the syrup(糖浆). When the sugar cools down,10appears is a piece of sugar art.【文章大意】本文是记叙文，讲述38岁的李健忠回到老家继承中国传统文化，学习制作糖画的故事，文章还说明了糖画的制作。1.distant【解析】考查词性转换。空格处修饰名词memory，形容词修饰名词作定语，故填distant。2.keeping【解析】考査非谓语动词。句意：一位38岁的手艺人李健忠致力于继承糖画艺术。be committed to“致力于”是固定搭配，to是介词，接动名词作宾语。故填keeping。3.the【解析】考査冠词。上文提到他做过十多年矿工，故此处表示他所在的矿井关闭以后，为特指，故填the。4.to【解析】考查介词。句意：他转而去做房屋装修的工作了。 turn to“转而做，转向”是固定词组。故填 to。5.was forced语，故填variety。8.melted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：糖画通常用褐色或白色的融化了的糖做。melt作定语，与sugar是被动关系，用过去分词作定语表示被动关系，故填melted。9.normally【解析】考查词性转换。句意：手艺人们通常用糖浆在石板上画动物和花。修饰谓语动词用副词作状语，故填normally。10.what【解析】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“所的东西”，what引导主语从句，作主语、宾语或者表语。故填what。Cloze 4(2017届山西省太原市高三第三次模拟)体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率 说明文 着装的注意事项 19410分钟With the development of modern society and high technology, children wear more and more beautiful and fashionable clothes. More children1(allow) to choose their favorite clothes, which is2relatively new trend. Many years ago, children had to suffer the whims(突发奇想)of adults as far as clothes were concerned. Like3(adult) clothes, childrens clothes followed fashions as well. About 120 years4, boys in Europe and America wore white ankle-length dresses, just like their sisters, until they5(reach) the age of five. Older boys from wealthy6(family) were then dressed in pretty velvet(丝绒) suits7lace collars. Their hair was grown to shoulder length8longer. For many unlucky boys, these carefully planned and organized costumes were nor reserved for special occasions; they had to wear the same9(restrict)and uncomfortable outfits for everyday play. Clean and proper clothes say that the person has both self-respect and respect for other people. Clothing can tell quite a lot about the person, sometimes more than we would like to reveal. So we should pay more attention to10(wear) proper clothes in different occasions.【文章大意】文章讲述了在西方，孩子们服装的发展，同时说明了着装的注意事项。1.are allowed5.reached【解析】考查时态。根据时间状语“About 120 years ago”可知，谓语用一般过去时态。故填reached。6.families【解析】考查名词。此处指“来自富有家庭的大一点的男孩子”，根据事实逻辑，应该用复数。故填families。7.withCloze 5(2017届山西省孝义市高三下学期高考考前质量检测三（5月模拟）)体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率 议论文 快乐的意义208 10分钟Someone asks me what on earth happiness means? I cant give you the exact definition of it, but Im sure if you love and help others, youll get it.Ill never forget an old lady1lives in a small house alone. Its said that her husband and her son2(die) in a traffic accident. How bitter her life is! But the old lady often helps others3a smile. Whenever it snows, she is always the first4(clean )the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of them. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky,5I think she is a happy person.Her life is full of laughter and love.But Im sad to see some people getting their happiness in bad ways. They speak loudly in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy6(they) and they laugh at others7(shortcoming). Perhaps they feel happy at that time, but they will never get happiness8(true) because they have lost their personalities. Now I know9happiness is. It means kindness, love and unselfishness. Above all, only10(bring) happiness to others can make you get it.【文章大意】本文为议论文。讲述的是快乐的意义就是如果你乐于助人，你就会得到真正的快乐。1.who/that【解析】考查定语从句。定语从句缺少主语，应用关系代词who或that引导定语从句修饰先行词an old lady。2.died【解析】考查时态语态。句意：据说，她的丈夫和儿子在一起交通事故中死亡。根据句意可知die与主语之间为主动关系，且为一般过去时，故用died。3.with【解析】考查介词。句意：但是这位老太太经常面带微笑帮助别人。介词with表示“带着”。4.to clean9.what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：现在我知道快乐意味着什么了。根据句意可知此处应该用what引导宾语从句。10.bringing【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最重要的是，仅仅带给别人快乐就会使你得到快乐。根据句意可知应用bringing在句中作主语。Cloze 6(2017届安徽省淮北市第一中学高三最后一卷)体裁文章话题词数建议时间难度自测正确率议论文在人生中要学会与人分享 214 10分钟A poor farmer had a friend who was famous1the wonder apples he grew. One day, his mend gave the farmer a young apple tree and told him to take it home and plant it. The farmer was2(please) with the gift, but when he got home he did not how where3(plant) it. He was afraid that if he planted the tree near me road, strangers would steal the fruit. If he planted the tree in his field, his4(neighbor) would come at night and steal some of the apples. Finally he planted the tree in his wood,5no one could see it.6there was no sunlight or good soil, the tree soon died. Later me mend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place. Whats the7(differ)?the farmer said8(anger).If I had planted the tree near the road, strangers would have stolen the fruit. If I had planted the tree in my field, my neighbors would have come at night and stolen some of the apples. Yes, said the friend, but at least someone could have
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