非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形

非谓语动词之动词不定式被动语态形一、复习各种时态的被动语态 被动语态的基本结构: be+ done（以 the book , publish为例）一般现在 /过去时：The book is/ was published .一般 /过去将来时 :The book will/would be published.The book is/was going to be published.现在 /过去进行时：The book is/was being published .现在 /过去完成时 :The book has/had been published .情态动词：The book can/could/may/mightbe published .二、不定式的被动式的基础知识：语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式to doto be done完成式to havedoneto havebeen done进行式to be doing没有被动语态完成进行式to havebeen doing没有被动语态1）一般式：（ not/never ） to be done2）完成式：（ not/ never） to have been done （表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前）三、通常在 believe, suppose, say, report 等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换 .如 :They say that Mike is sick in bed.=It is said that Mike is sick in bed.=Mike is said to be sick in bed.据说麦克卧床不起.People believe that he was killed.=It is believed that he was killed.=He is believed to have been killed.大家相信他被杀了.四、 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者而非发出者时，不定式一般要采用被动形式 (to be done).语法功能：1作主语：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.2作宾语：She asked to be sent to work in Xinjiang.3构成复合宾语：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.She didn t like herselfto be praised like that.14构成复合谓语：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the room .5作定语：Are you going to the meeting to be held in the teachers office?6作状语：She was too young to be assigned such work.五、不定式有时还可以有完成式的被动式 to have been done（表示该动作是发生在主句之前的一个被动动作） ，在句中作主语、宾语、定语，或者构成复合宾语、复合谓语等，如：It is a good thing for himto have been criticized. （主语）She preferred to have been given heavier work to do. ( 宾语 )）He thought it an honour to have been invited to the party. （复合宾语）The book is said to have been translated into many languages. （复合谓语）She was the first woman to have been elected to such a post. （定语）六、不定式的主动形式表示被动1 There be结构中，用不定式的主动和被动式来修饰主语，区别不大。(多用主动形式 )例如：There is a lot of work to do / to be done .There is no time to lose /to be lost .译：没有什么可担心的。_There is nothing to worry about.注意以下两点：(1) 如果不定式结构加了for sb .表示的逻辑主语时There are still many questions for us to discuss. (us 与 discuss 主谓关系，用主动to discuss)There are a lot of reasons for the book to be published.(the book 与 publish 是动宾关系，用被动to be published)(2) 某些动词 (do, see)的不定式特殊用法时，两种形式所表示的意思不同。比较：There is nothing to do now. (We have nothing to do now.)There is nothing to be done now. (We can do nothing now.)There is nothing to see. (Nothing is worth seeing.)There is nothing to be seen. (Nothing is there at all.)2 在 “主语 + be+ adj+ to do ”句型中： 常见的 adj 有 hard ，amusing ，interesting ， cheap，difficult ，dangerous ， easy， nice， important ， pleasant.etc.That question is difficult to answer.He is an impossible person to work with 但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用不定式的被动式：The handwriting is difficult to be read. 注意：如果动词为不及物动词，则要注意介词的搭配。John is difficult to deal with.分析： _( 动 )-_( 宾)）译：这扶手椅坐起来很舒服。_这题目很难算出来。_The armchair is comfortable to sit in2The question is difficult to work out3. 当上述第 2 题中形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式：I found him easy to get along with.They don t think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to understand.4.在 “ too to do; enoughto结构 ”中 。如：The problem is too difficult to work out (to be worked out)The house is big enough to live in. （不及物动词要补出相应的介词）但若要强调句中的受事者，也可用被动式：This box is too heavy to be lifted.5在 “ with+n+to do 结”构中。（和逻辑主语是主动关系）例如： With nothing to do ， he lay in bed With so many exercises to do ， I can t go to the cinema6当不定式的逻辑主语在句中出现时。例如： I have a meeting to attend.。 (to attend 与 I 有主谓关系，即I 是逻辑主语 )Give him some books to read. (to read 与 him 有主谓关系，即him 是逻辑主语 )如果不属于上述情况，则表示被动意义时仍需要用被动形式。试比较下面两句：1. Have you anything to do this afternoon?2. Have you anything to be taken to the city (by me or someone else) ?（ to take 与 you 没有主谓关系 , 即 you 不是逻辑主语）练习：填写括号中动词的适当形式1. I have a meeting _ (attend) today.2. He gave me some books _(read).3. I m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything _(take) to your parents?7 一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有let( 出租 )，rent， hire， blame 等。例如： The house is to rent.Nobody was to blame for the accident.但是，具有对比意义时，仍用被动形式。例如：The room is to be rented, not to be sold. 。She is to be praised, not to be blamed.Exercise1.Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains_ whether they will enjoy it.A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen2.I hurried to the meeting hall, only_ that the meeting had been put off.A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told3.Do let your mother know all the truth, she appears_ everything.A. to tellB. to be toldC. to be tellingD. to have been told4.Little Tom should love_ to the theater this evening.A. to be takenB. to takeC. being takenD. taking5.With a lot of problems_, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled6.He_ and was made to repeat it.A. didn t understandB. didn t be understoodC. wasn t understand D. wasn t understood7.The pupils here_ all kinds of exercises every day in the past four weeks.A. kept busy doingB. keep on doingC. have kept busy doingD. have been kept busy doing3语法检测一根据括号内的动词填入正确形式。1. It will take several weeks for your computer to _ (repair).2. I knew him _ (catch) by the police.3. A vote is required _(take) in our company at once.4. When some money went missing from the bank, Thomas was believed_ (steal) it.7. I hope _(admit) to Zhongshan University.8.The book is said to _(translate) into several languages.9.I feel greatly honored _(welcome) into their society . 10.Come on! It is an easy sentence _ (translate).11.When I came in, he pretended to _.(read)13.Mrs Smith warned her daughter _(not drive) after drinking.14.I don t know whether you happen _(hear), but I September.15.He seems _（ punish) by his teacher yesterday.16.The school ordered all the classroom_( clean ).17.My grandmother seems to have a lot _ (worry) about.18.I am going to the post office.Do you have any letter _(post)?19.You are lucky enough _(not catch) in the rain.20. I ll go to New York. Have you anything _(take) to your wife there?21. Have you any clothes _(wash), sir? ” asked the maid.22. I cannot go out now as I have a lot of clothes_(wash)二、翻译练习1.据说这会议已经被取消了._2.这个学生似乎已经对政治失去了兴趣。_3.残疾人不喜欢被别人嘲笑。_4.没有可以可以浪费的时间了。_5.能被邀请进这个英语俱乐部，是一大荣幸._6.她假装没有听懂我说的话._7.我希望被中山大学录取。_8.抱歉，我忘记了你的电话号码了。_48. Visitors_ not to touch the exhibits.A. will requestB. requestC. are requestingD. are requested10. In some parts of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar.A. is servingB. is servedC. servesD. served11.【 2010 卷】 There were many talented actors out there just waiting _.A. to discoverB. to be discoveredC. discoveredD. being discovered12.【 2007 卷】 When asked why he went there, he sais he was sent there _ for a spaceflightA. trainingB. being trainedC. to have trainedD. to be trained13.【 2006 卷】 It took a long time for the connection between the body temperature and illness_A. to makeB. to be madeC. makingD. being made5