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一般过去时的被动语态一般过去时的被动语态 1.肯定句:主语+was/were+动词的过去分词+其他。 The bridge was built in 1896.这座桥是在1896年修建的。 2.否定句否定句:主语主语+was/were+not+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词+其他。其他。 The bridge was not built in 1896.这座桥不是在这座桥不是在1896年修建的。年修建的。3.一般疑问句及答语一般疑问句及答语:Was/Were+主语主语+动词的过动词的过去分词去分词+其他其他?肯定回答肯定回答:Yes,主语主语+was/were.否定回答否定回答:No,主语主语+wasnt/werent. Was the bridge built in 1896?这座桥是在这座桥是在1896年修建的吗年修建的吗?Yes,it was.是的是的,它是。它是。/No,it wasnt.不不,它不是。它不是。在主动句中动词make,see,hear,watch,find,notice等后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时,动词不定式都要去掉to,但在变被动语态时,后面的不定式一定要加上to。 The boss made his workers work over ten hours a day in the past.=The workers were made to work over ten hours a day in the past.在过去老板逼迫工人每天工作超过10小时。.单项填单项填空空1.(20151.(2015恩施中考恩施中考) So many trees and beautiful ) So many trees and beautiful flowers flowers in this area in 2014.in this area in 2014. A.were planted B.was planted A.were planted B.was planted C.are plantedC.are planted提示:考查被动语态。句意为“2014年在这个地区种了许多树和漂亮的花”。此句为过去时的被动语态,故选A。.单项填单项填空空2.(20152.(2015广安中考广安中考) Mike,I) Mike,I looked for you looked for you everywhere last night.everywhere last night. Oh,I Oh,I to the party.to the party. A.am invited B.invited A.am invited B.invited C.invite C.invite D.wasD.was invited invited 提示:考查被动语态。由主语I及谓语动词invite可知两者存在被动关系,此空应用被动语态,且上句提到了last night,用过去时的被动语态,故选D。.单项填单项填空空3.(20153.(2015河北中考河北中考) Everybody ) Everybody deeply deeply after they heard the story.after they heard the story. A.moves A.moves B.movedB.moved C.is moved C.is moved D.wasD.was moved moved提示:考查被动语态。根据时间状语从句after they heard the story可知用一般过去时;主语Everybody和动词move是被动关系,故选D。.单项填单项填空空4.(20154.(2015龙东龙东中考中考) Han Hong ) Han Hong by the reporter by the reporter yesterday.yesterday.Shes great.She helped so many disabled people.Shes great.She helped so many disabled people. A.was interviewed A.was interviewed B.is interviewed B.is interviewed C.is interviewing C.is interviewing 提示:考查被动语态。根据yesterday可知应用一般过去时的被动语态,故选A。.单项填单项填空空5.(20155.(2015防城港中考防城港中考) Whos the little girl in the photo?) Whos the little girl in the photo? Its me.The Its me.The photo photo 10 years ago.10 years ago. A.took A.took B.is taken B.is taken C.hasC.has taken taken D.wasD.was taken taken提示:考查被动语态。主语是动作的承受者,用被动语态。由10 years ago可知用一般过去时的被动语态,故选D。.单项填单项填空空6.(20156.(2015遂宁中考遂宁中考) Why didnt you go to the New ) Why didnt you go to the New Years party last Friday? Years party last Friday? Because I Because I . . A.was invited A.was invited B.wasnt invited B.wasnt invited C.didnt invite C.didnt invite 提示:考查被动语态。句意为“上周五你为什么没有参加新年聚会?”“因为我没被邀请”,故选B。.单项填单项填空空7.(20157.(2015贵贵港中考港中考) Chinese tea is popular around the ) Chinese tea is popular around the world.world.I agree.It I agree.It to Korea and Japan during the 6th to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.and 7th centuries. A.brings A.brings B.brought B.brought C.is brought D.was broughtC.is brought D.was brought提示:考查被动语态。句意为“中国茶在全世界都很受欢迎。”“我赞同你的看法。它在公元6世纪和7世纪时被带到韩国和日本”,故选D。.单项填单项填空空8.(20158.(2015黔西南中考黔西南中考) Do you know Mo Yan? His books) Do you know Mo Yan? His books into English a few years ago.into English a few years ago.A.were translated A.were translated B.translated B.translated C.are translated C.are translated D.translatesD.translates提示:考查被动语态。句意为“你知道莫言吗?他的书几年前被翻译成英语”。根据句中的时间状语可知用一般过去时的被动语态,故选A。.单项填单项填空空9.(20159.(2015资阳资阳中考中考) A new school ) A new school last year in my last year in my hometown.hometown.A.set up A.set up B.sets upB.sets upC.is set upC.is set upD.was set upD.was set up提示:考查被动语态。主语是动作set up的承受者,用被动语态。根据时间状语last year可知是一般过去时的被动语态,故选D。.单项填单项填空空10.(201510.(2015遵遵义义中考中考) The school has a long history.) The school has a long history. Yes,it Yes,it more than 100 years ago.more than 100 years ago. A.built A.built B.is built B.is built C.was builtC.was built 提示:考查过去时的被动语态。句意为“这个学校有很长的历史。”“是的,它在100多年前被建立的”,所以选C。综合型任务阅读解题技巧综合型任务阅读解题技巧 Where is the true home of the hamburger?Where is the true home of the hamburger?(2015 (2015 青岛青岛中考中考)The kind of beef we see in )The kind of beef we see in hamburgers,mincedhamburgers,minced( (切碎的切碎的)beef,was possibly )beef,was possibly invented by Mongolians over 800 years ago.Butinvented by Mongolians over 800 years ago.But who first put the beef in between pieces of bread who first put the beef in between pieces of bread and called it a hamburger? Three different cities in and called it a hamburger? Three different cities in the United States all say that they were the first to the United States all say that they were the first to invent Americas favorite food.invent Americas favorite food.Some people say that Fletcher Davis,from Some people say that Fletcher Davis,from Athens,invented hamburgers.“Old Dave”,as people Athens,invented hamburgers.“Old Dave”,as people called him,wascalled him,was selling minced beef sandwiches in selling minced beef sandwiches in his lunch bar as early as the 1880s.his lunch bar as early as the 1880s. Some years later,theySome years later,they say that a group of say that a group of Germans called Germans called his sandwich a his sandwich a “hamburger” because people from the “hamburger” because people from the German city of Hamburg ate this kind of German city of Hamburg ate this kind of beef.beef.Other people believe that the hamburger Other people believe that the hamburger came from a different American came from a different American city.city.CoincidentallyCoincidentally , its name was also , its name was also Hamburg.The Menches brothers were selling Hamburg.The Menches brothers were selling pork sandwiches at a fair in 1885,but when pork sandwiches at a fair in 1885,but when there was no more pork,they used minced there was no more pork,they used minced beef and gave it a new name,thebeef and gave it a new name,the “hamburger”.“hamburger”.The third possible inventor of the The third possible inventor of the hamburger was Charlie Nagreen,also hamburger was Charlie Nagreen,also known as “Hamburger Charlie”,from known as “Hamburger Charlie”,from Seymour.He said that in 1885 he invented Seymour.He said that in 1885 he invented the worlds first hamburgers.Seymour the worlds first hamburgers.Seymour now celebrates the invention of the now celebrates the invention of the hamburger every year.Inhamburger every year.In 1989,it was the 1989,it was the home of the worlds largest ever burgerhome of the worlds largest ever burgerover 2,500 kg!over 2,500 kg! 【词汇积词汇积累】累】MongolianMongolian蒙古人蒙古人fairfair集市集市; ;展展览会览会任任务务一一 请请根据短文根据短文内内容容, ,完成句子完成句子。每空一每空一词词。1.There are three American cities in this 1.There are three American cities in this passage.Theypassage.They are Athens, are Athens, andand. .提示提示:由由“Other people believe that the hamburger came from a different American city.Coincidentally,its name was also Hamburg.”可知这个城市的名可知这个城市的名词是词是Hamburg;由第四段开头由第四段开头“The third possible inventor of the hamburger was Charlie Nagreen,also known as Hamburger Charlie,from Seymour.”可知可知这一城市是这一城市是Seymour。 HamburgHamburgSeymourSeymour任任务务一一 请请根据短文根据短文内内容容, ,完成句子完成句子。每空一每空一词词。2.When there was no more2.When there was no more at the 1885 at the 1885 fair,the Menchesfair,the Menches brothers used minced beef brothers used minced beef . .提示提示:由第三段末句由第三段末句“but when there was no more pork,they used minced beef and gave it a new name,the hamburger.”可知可知,没有了猪肉没有了猪肉,他们只有用了切碎的牛肉代替。他们只有用了切碎的牛肉代替。 porkporkinsteadinstead任任务务二二请请根据短文根据短文内内容容, ,用英用英语语表表达达处画线单词处画线单词hishis所指代的所指代的内内容。容。3.3. . . 提示提示:由第二段开头由第二段开头“Some people say that Fletcher Davis,from Athens,invented hamburgers.Old Dave,as people called him”可知可知,此人叫此人叫Fletcher Davis,被人们称为被人们称为Old Dave。 Fletcher Davis/Old Daves/ Davis/ Fletchers Fletcher Davis/Old Daves/ Davis/ Fletchers 任任务务三三请请根据短文根据短文内内容容, ,猜猜测画线单词测画线单词CoincidentallyCoincidentally的中文意思。的中文意思。4. 4. A. A.幸幸运运地地 B.B.碰碰巧地巧地 C.C.相反地相反地提示提示:猜测词义题。由下文可知猜测词义题。由下文可知,这一城市也叫这一城市也叫Hamburg,和和hamburger的名字相同的名字相同,是一种巧合是一种巧合,因此选因此选B。B任任务务四四请请根据短文根据短文内内容回答容回答问题问题。5. How often is the invention of the hamburger 5. How often is the invention of the hamburger celebrated in Seymour?celebrated in Seymour? 提示提示:由最后一段中由最后一段中“Seymour now celebrates the invention of the hamburger every year.”可知可知,每年要庆祝一次每年要庆祝一次,故答案为故答案为Every year/Once a year。Every year./Once a year.Every year./Once a year.任任务务五五请从请从文中找出文中找出与与 Mongolians possibly Mongolians possibly invented minced beef a long time ago.invented minced beef a long time ago.意思相近的意思相近的句子句子。6._6._ 提示提示:所给句子与文章开头第一句意思相近。所给句子与文章开头第一句意思相近。Minced beef was possibly invented by Mongolians over 800 yearsago./The kind of beef we see in hamburgers,minced(切碎切碎的的)beef,was possibly invented by Mongolians over 800 years ago.任任务务六六请请用英用英语简语简要要概概括出本文的主旨大意括出本文的主旨大意, ,不超不超过过1010个词个词。7.Its mainly about7.Its mainly about 提示提示:本文主要介绍的是汉堡的发源地。本文主要介绍的是汉堡的发源地。the (true) home of hamburgers/who invented the (true) home of hamburgers/who invented hamburgers/the invention of the hamburger/who hamburgers/the invention of the hamburger/who was/is the real/possible inventor of the was/is the real/possible inventor of the hamburgerhamburger 综合型任务阅读不仅检查考生的词、句、篇的掌握,而且涉及综合运用英语语法的能力,所以说这种题型是比较全面的考查。 (一)了解综合型任务阅读题型的考查角度1.单词的大小写;2.词性的变化;3.词形的转化;4.近义词与反义词的转化;5.实现词句的转换;6.文章框架词语的使用。注意文章的整体布局,理清句与句之间,段与段之间的内在逻辑关系,反复阅读文章,认真思考,然后找出能代表篇章结构的词汇。(二) 综合型任务阅读题型的解题思路1.先认真读题,通过题目来了解文章的大致框架。做到在阅读文章前,心中有数,不会因为文章的长度或文中出现的生词影响到自己对文章结构的整体把握。2.利用快速阅读策略做出判断,自己理解的文章主旨是否与题目中的要求一致。在这一过程中,可以尽可能填出与文章大意相关的词汇。3.结合题目的基本模式,可以判断出文章的行文特点。例如:说明文解决的是介绍某种物品或事物,其特征无外乎描述特征,阐述用途;议论性的文章主要提出一种观点或一个问题,再利用一些论据来证明这个观点正确与否或者来说明解决问题的途径和方式。按照此种方法,可以仔细地从篇章的字里行间找到相互对应的单词或词组,尤其要注意尽量使用文中现有的词汇,不可脱离文章。4.在发现答案有多种选择时,应该从词组的搭配和词与词的差别着手,深思熟虑,调动平时积累的英语知识,认真比对,做出最精确的选择。5.任务型阅读不仅是对英语单词拼写的简单检查,而且要求考生要结合上下文的特殊语境,综合运用语言知识,甚至是我们自身具备的逻辑推理能力。因而,在具体的题型中,一定要慎重做题,切不可将文中现成的词组拿来就用,必须有思维加工的过程。6.在解题过程中,不一定每次都按照它的序号来做题,因为有时出题的顺序与行文的先后不符,这就需要根据具体文章的特定框架来解题,先做第三或第五空,然后再完成第一或第二空,不要被它的题号所束缚。7.综合概括。能够准确无误地概括出文章的主旨大意或行(栏)的标题,考查我们概括与推断的能力,归纳、抽象并提炼出文章主旨或者重要信息的能力,也就是在语篇结构解读基础上的信息转换能力。在日常英语学习中,可以有意识、有目的地积累一些与文章框架相关的词汇,如: advantage,way,title,advice等。：写一项有用的发明写一项有用的发明请你根据下面的提示请你根据下面的提示,用英文写一篇短文，简单介绍用英文写一篇短文，简单介绍一下一下bicycle和和umbrella发明的时间、国家和用途。发明的时间、国家和用途。词数：词数：6080bicycle1880sEngland travelingumbrellaabout 4,000 years agoChinakeeping away from rain【思路点拨】引出话题There are many important inventions around the world.具体描述 For example,the bicycle was invented Another useful invention called the umbrellawas invented 观点总结They are all very useful.：写一项有用的发明写一项有用的发明 【重点【重点词汇词汇】写写出下列短出下列短语语 1.1.发发明明 2.2.在在1919世世纪纪8080年代年代 3. 3.被用被用来来做某事做某事 4.4.代替代替 instead of instead of be used for doing be used for doing sth.sth. in the 1880sin the 1880s inventioninvention【重点句型】根据汉语意思完成下列句子1.它被用来旅行。它被用来旅行。It traveling. 2.许多人骑自行车代替走路。许多人骑自行车代替走路。Many people ride bikes . 3.人们用伞来挡雨。人们用伞来挡雨。People use umbrellas keep themselves rain. is used for is used for instead of walking instead of walking totoaway fromaway from【单元参考句型】They are used for seeing in the dark.The umbrella was invented in China.The bicycle was invented in the 1880s. There are many important inventions around There are many important inventions around the world.For example,the bicycle was invented the world.For example,the bicycle was invented in England in the 1880s.It is used for in England in the 1880s.It is used for traveling.In England,many people ride bikes traveling.In England,many people ride bikes instead of walking.And another useful invention instead of walking.And another useful invention called the umbrella was invented in China called the umbrella was invented in China about 4,000 years ago.Peopleabout 4,000 years ago.People use umbrellas to use umbrellas to keep themselves away from rain.keep themselves away from rain.They are all very useful.They are all very useful.名师点评这篇文章思路清晰,布局合理,按照表格的要求向我们介绍了自行车和伞这两项发明的时间、地点及其在人们生活中的作用。文章合理地使用了一些词组,为文章增添色彩,如for example,instead of,keep away from等,另外此文首尾照应,起到了升华主题的作用。 本单元的写作内容是写一些由人类发明出来的物品,其中包括算盘、雨伞、双筒望远镜、照相机和自行车等,准确描述这些发明物品的前提是了解它们各自被发明的年代、发明人、被发明的国家及其主要用途等,下面作一些相关介绍。雨伞:大约4 000年前在中国和埃及发明电话:1876年由贝尔发明拉链:1893年由惠科特姆贾德森发明茶:大约5 000年前第一次饮用自行车:19世纪80年代在英国发明 根据短文根据短文内内容完成表格容完成表格 An American named Crum invented potato chips in An American named Crum invented potato chips in 1853,although that was not his intention.He was a chef at a 1853,although that was not his intention.He was a chef at a beautiful restaurant in Saratoga Springs,New York.A regular beautiful restaurant in Saratoga Springs,New York.A regular dish on the menu was fried potatoes,which was an idea that dish on the menu was fried potatoes,which was an idea that had started in France.At that time,Frenchhad started in France.At that time,French fried potatoes were fried potatoes were cut into thick slices.cut into thick slices.One day,a dinner guest at the restaurant sent back his fried One day,a dinner guest at the restaurant sent back his fried potatoes to the chef because he did not like them so thick.So potatoes to the chef because he did not like them so thick.So Mr.Crum cut the potatoes a little thinner and fried them.The Mr.Crum cut the potatoes a little thinner and fried them.The guest did not like those,either.That made Mr.Crum angry,so guest did not like those,either.That made Mr.Crum angry,so he thought he would just show the man.He sliced the he thought he would just show the man.He sliced the potatoes paper-thin and fried them,thinking that the man potatoes paper-thin and fried them,thinking that the man would say nothing about it.Howeverwould say nothing about it.However, , 根据短文根据短文内内容完成表格容完成表格 to his surprise,the man loved the thin potatoes very to his surprise,the man loved the thin potatoes very much.Other guests tried them and also liked much.Other guests tried them and also liked them.So,Mr.Crums potato chips were added to the them.So,Mr.Crums potato chips were added to the menu.Theymenu.They called Saratoga Chips. called Saratoga Chips.Finally,Mr.Crum opened his own restaurant to sell Finally,Mr.Crum opened his own restaurant to sell his famous chips.Nowhis famous chips.Now potato chips are packaged potato chips are packaged and sold in stores.and sold in stores.【词汇积累【词汇积累】intention意图意图chef厨师长厨师长regular普通的普通的slice片片package包装包装 根据短文根据短文内内容完成下列各容完成下列各题题WhoWho invented invented ? ? waswas anan AmericanAmerican chefchef atat a a restaurant. restaurant. A A dinnerdinner guest guest hishis friedfried potatoespotatoes toto thethe chefchef becausebecause theythey werewere soso thick. thick. TheThe chefchef waswas probablyprobably gladglad inin thethe endend, ,becausebecause . . NowNow potatopotato chipschips areare packagedpackaged andand alsoalso soldsold . . potato chipspotato chipsCrumCrumsent backsent backhe opened his own restaurant to sell chipshe opened his own restaurant to sell chipsin storesin stores
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