高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 基础语法巧学巧练 专题一 名词课件

专题一名词专题一名词怎么考1.主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力；2.名词的一词多义与熟词生义；3.语篇填空及短文改错中，主要涉及名词的单复数、名词的固定搭配、主谓一致等。怎么学在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。掌握名词的熟词新义重在多阅读、多积累。怎么解理解上下语境，明析考查目的，然后确定答案。.体验考向单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top_(attract).2.(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few _(day) with his sister.3.(2015全国卷)What makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their _(able) to “air condition”a house without using electric equipment.4.(2015全国卷)Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _(painting).5.(2015江苏卷)Some schools will have to make _ (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.6.(2015江苏卷)Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.Id like to，but Im afraid she wont be happy with my _(apologize).7.(2015浙江卷)One of the most effective ways to reduce _ (stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.8.(2015安徽卷)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some _(think) and then let me know.9.(2014全国卷)While there are amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us the _ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river.10.(2014辽宁卷)Unbelievable！Oh.，if you dont mind，Ill stop and take a deep _ (breathe). 答案1.attraction空格前有形容词和物主代词，因此要用其名词形式。2.daysfew作来修饰可数名词复数，故答案为days。3.ability考查词性。空前面是形容词性物主代词their，其后面需要用名词。4.paintings在如此多的中国绘画中。painting意为“图片，图画”，是可数名词，由于前有many，故使用其复数形式。5.adjustments句意：为了与国家足球改革相一致，一些学校将做出调整。固定表达make adjustments做出调整。 6.apology/apologies句意：去和你的妈妈说对不起，Dave。我想，但我怕妈妈不会接受我的道歉。作介词with的宾语和my的修饰语要用名词形式。7.stress句意：减少压力最有效的方法之一是与信任的人谈谈你的感受。作动词reduce的宾语要用名词形式，stress压力，紧张，为不可数名词。8.thought句意：现在没有必要告诉我你的答案。思考一下，然后让我知道。some后应跟名词，thought想法。9.changes考查名词变复数。根据本句中谓语部分是系动词are，说明主语应该是一个复数形式的名词，所以使用changes。10.breathtake a deep breath意为“深呼吸”，这与上文中的Ill stop相呼应。.考点集训集训单句语法填空1.(2016全国卷)Handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _(achieve).2.(2016全国卷)Recent_(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.3.(2014安徽卷)Why not buy a second-hand car first if you dont have enough money for a new one?Thats a good_ (suggest).4.(2016南昌二模)In keeping a diary in English，we certainly run up against many _(difficulty).5.(2016淄博高三二模)He lost all his _(key) to the doors，so he had to get them opened by force.6.(2016滕州5月模拟)For several weeks，Mrs.Edwards hoped to be one of the lucky _(housewife) like many of her friends.7.(2016潍坊二模)They took some _(photo) when they visited China.8.(2016太原模拟)The little boy ate so many _(potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn.9.The _(girl) shoes were covered with mud，so I asked them to take them off before they got into _(Tom) car.10.There are twenty-three _(man) teachers in our school.答案1.achievement2.studies3.suggestion4.difficulties5.keys6.housewives7.photos8.potatoes 9.girls；Toms10.men集训根据提示，完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵，在语境中体会名词的用法。Robots used for housework were tested out in some _1_(family).Tony，one of the _2_(robot)，looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，_3_ (curious) drove him to have a try on such a new thing.So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire.Claire didnt like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of Tony，Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually，Tony began to win the _4_ (hostess) trust.He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the make-up she wore and giving her _5_ (advise) on her _6_ (person) dresses.Therefore at the party all her guests who were invited were filled with _7_ (admire) when they saw her house was completely changed.After the test，the company was satisfied with _8_(Tony) report and believed it was _9_ success because he had successfully made a woman regain her _10_ (confident) and fall in love with him.答案1.families2.robots3.curiosity4.hostess 5.advice6.personal 7.admiration8.Tonys9.a 10.confidence知识胸有成竹一、名词数的4点常识1.以-o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加-s，但中学英语中下列名词要加-es，它们是：黑人英雄在回声中吃土豆、西红柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以-o结尾的名词既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它们是：zeros(zeroes)零，mosquitos(mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos(volcanoes)火山。2.以-f或-fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加-s，但下列以-f或-fe结尾的名词需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以-f结尾的名词既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它们是：handkerchiefs(handkerchieves)手帕，scarfs (scarves)围巾。3.合成名词构成复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：sons-in-law女婿；passers-by过路人；story-tellers讲故事的人；breakfasts早餐；housewives家庭主妇。4.有些名词单复数同形，它们是：一个靠养绵羊(sheep)为生的中国人(Chinese)和一个靠打鹿(deer)为生的日本人(Japanese)，来到了一个十字路口(crossroads)。他们看到周围有许多工厂(works)，它们用一系列(series)的促销方式(means)来提高鱼(fish)和水果(fruit)的销量。二、名词格的2个常考点1.如果一个事物为两个人所有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“s”。如：Tom and Mikes room(共有)，Toms and Mikes books(不共有)。2.名词的双重所有格当表示所有格的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用“名词ofs”形式，这种结构被称为双重所有格，一般表示“所有关系”。三、抽象名词的具体化表示具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考到的有：单词单词抽象名词意义抽象名词意义具体化名词意义具体化名词意义success成功成功成功的人或事成功的人或事pleasure乐趣乐趣令人高兴的事令人高兴的事attraction吸引吸引有吸引力的人或事物有吸引力的人或事物beauty美；美丽美；美丽美丽的人或事物美丽的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事令人感到安慰的人或事物物danger危险危险危险的人或因素危险的人或因素delight高兴高兴令人高兴的事令人高兴的事failure失败失败失败的人或事物失败的人或事物surprise惊奇惊奇令人惊奇的事情令人惊奇的事情shock震惊震惊令人震惊的事情令人震惊的事情pride骄傲骄傲令人骄傲的事情令人骄傲的事情drink饮料饮料一杯饮料一杯饮料集训奔向高考阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2015全国卷)Yangshuo，ChinaIt was raining lightly when I _1_(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didnt care.A few hours _2_，Id been at home in Hong Kong，with _3_(it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _4_ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5_(painting).Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _6_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo _7_(be) really beautiful.A study of travelers _8_(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _9_(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people _10_(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.答案1.arrived2.before/earlier3.its4.that/which5.paintings6.by7.is8.conducted9.regularly 10.Living