初二年级（上）英语知识点总结

初二年级（上）【知识梳理】 I. 重点短语1. on time 2. best wishes 3. give a talk 4. for example 5. short for6. a waste of time7. go on a field trip8. go fishing9. I agree10. next week11. the day after tomorrow12. have a picnic13. have some problems doing sth.14. go the wrong way15. hurry up16. get together17. in the open air18. on Mid-Autumn Day19. come over20. have to 21. get home 22. agree with 23. in the country24. in town 25. all the same26. in front of27. on the left/right side28. next to 29. up and down30. keep healthy31. grow up32. at the same time33. the day before yesterday35. last Saturday36. half an hour ago37. a moment ago38. just now39. by the way40. all the time41. at firstII. 重要句型1. have fun doing sth. 2. Why dont you?3. Were going to do sth.4. start with sth.5. Why not? 6. Are you going to?7. be friendly to sb.8. Youd better do sth.9. ask sb. for sth.10. say goodbye to sb.11. Good luck(with sb)!III. 交际用语1.Welcome backto school!2.Excuse me. Im sorry Im late, because the traffic is bad. 3.It doesnt matter.4.Happy Teachers Day !5.Thats a good idea.6.What are you going to do？7.Where are we going ?8.What are we going to do ? 9.Im good at10.Its not far from11. Are you free tomorrow evening?12.Would you and Lily like to come over to my home for Mid-Autumn Festival?13.Im glad you can come.14.Thanks for asking us.15.How about another one?16.May I have a taste?17.Let me walk with you.18.What do you have to do?19.Do you live on a farm?20.Which do you like better, the city or the country?21.Which do you like best, dogs, cats or chickens?22.Shall we go at ten? Good idea!23.-Lets make it half past one. -OK.24.-Why not come a little earlier? -All right.25.Excuse me. Wheres the nearest post office, please?26.Its over there on the right.27.Im sorry I dont know.28.Youd better29.Thank you all the same.30.Which bus do I take?31.Go along this road.32.What day was it yesterday?33.Im sorry to hear that.34.I hope youre better now.35.Why did you call me?36.I called to tellIV. 重要语法1.be going to的用法；2.形容词的比较级、最高级；3.形容词和副词的比较4.一般过去时【名师讲解】1. on the street / in the street表示“在街上”时，on the street 和 in the street 都可以，在美国多用on the street, 在英国多用in the street. 例如：We have a house in the street. 我们在街上有座房子。I met him on the street. 我在街上遇见了他。2. would like / like would like 和 like含义不同。like 意思是“喜欢”，“爱好”，而 would like 意思是“想要”。试比较： I like beer.=Im fond of beer. 我喜欢喝啤酒。 Id like a glass of beer= I want a glass of beer. 我想要一杯啤酒。 Do you like going to the cinema? 你喜欢看电影吗？ Would you like to go to the cinema tonight? 你今晚想去看电影吗？3. another / the other(1)another 通常用于三个或三个以上或不确定数量中的任意一个人或 物体。 例如：May I have another apple, please? 请在给我一个苹果好吗？This coat is too small for me. Please show me another这件外套我穿太小，请再给我拿一件看看。 (2)the other 通常指两者中的另一个。例如：He has two rulers. One is short. The other is long. 他有两把尺子，一把短的，另一把长的。I have two brothers. One works in Xian . The other works in Beijing. 我有两个兄弟，一个在西安工作，另一个在北京工作。4. have to /must (1)have to和 must 都可以用来谈论义务，但用法略有不同。如果某人主观上觉得必须去做而又想去时，常用must。如果谈论某种来自“外界”的义务，常用have to。例如：I must stop smoking. 我必须戒烟。（自己想戒烟）They have to work for the boss.他们不得不为那个老板工作。（条件逼得他们去工作） (2)have to 可用于多种时态，must 只能用于一般现在时。例如：Ill have to get up early tomorrow morning.明天早晨我必须早早起床。We had to work long hours every day in order to get more money.为了多挣钱，我们不得不每天长时间地工作。 (3)用于否定句时，mustnt意思是“决不能”，“禁止”，而dont have to意思是“不必”，相当于neednt。例如： You mustnt be late again next time.下一次你决不能再迟到。 You dont have to go there today. You can go there tomorrow. 你今天不必到那里去了。你可以明天去。5. hear sb. or sth.doing sth. / herar sb. or sth. do sth.hear sb. or sth.doing sth.意思是“听到某人或某物在做某事”，而hear sb. or sth. do sth.意思是“听到某人或某物做过某事”。试比较：I hear him singing an English song.听见他在唱英歌曲。I heard him sing an English song.我听见他唱一首英文歌。类似hear 这种用法的还有see, watch, listen, feel等感官动词。6. any /someany和some 都可以同不可数名词和可数名词的复数形式连用，但some一般用在肯定句中；any用在疑问句和否定句中。试比较：I want some money. 我想要点钱。Have you any money? 你有钱吗？I dont have any money. 我一点钱也没有。some 有时也用于疑问句，表示说话人期待一个肯定回答或鼓励人家说“是”。例如：Would you like some more beer?请你再来点啤酒好吗？Could I have some rice, please?请给我来点米饭好吗？7. hear /listen tolisten to 和hear 都有“听”的意思，但含义有所不同。Listen to强调“听”的动作，hear 强调“听”的结果。例如： Listen to me ,please! Im going to tell you a story. 请听我说！我给你们讲个故事。 Listen! Can you hear someone crying in the next room? 听！你能听见有人在隔壁房间里哭吗？ I listened, but heard nothing.我听了听，但什么也听不见。hear 后面如果接宾语从句，常常表示“听说”。例如： I hear some foreign students will visit our school.我听说一些外国学生将要访问我们学校。 I hear there is going to be a film in our school this evening.我听说今晚我们学校要演一场电影。 8. Lets /Let usLets 和Let us 都表示“让我们”, 如果us 包括听话人在内，其含义相同，附带问句用shall we. 如果us 不包括听话人在内，其含义不同，Let us的附带问句要用will you。例如： Lets go shopping, shall we? 我们去购物好吗？9. take/ bring/ carry /get这四个动词都有“拿”和“带”的意思，但含义有所不同。take意为“带走”，“拿走”，bring意为“带来”，“拿来”, get表示“到别的地方把某人或某物带来或拿来”，carry不强调方向，带有负重的意思。试比较：My parents often take me there on holidays.我父母常常带我到那里去度假。Im going to take you to Beijing.我准备带你去北京。Bring me a cup of tea, please.请给我端杯茶来。Ill bring the book to you tomorrow.明天我把那本书给你带来。The waiter carried the me to the table服务员把肉送到桌上。The monkey carried the bag on her back.猴子把那个包背在背上。She went back to get her handbag.他折回去拿他的手提包。Let me get the doctor.让我去请医生吧。 10. far away /faraway (1)far away是一个副词短语，意思是“很远”。例如：Some are far away. Some are nearer.有些离得很远，有些离得近一些的。The village is far away from here.那个村子离这儿很远。 (2)faraway是一个形容词，意思是“遥远的”，可以在句中作定语。例如：He lives in faraway mountain village.他住在一个遥远的小山村。11. find / look forfind和look for 都有“找”的意思，但含义不同。find 强调“找”的结果，而look for 强调“找”的过程。请看下列例句：He is looking for his bike.他在找他的自行车。Im looking for my watch, but cant find it.我在找我的手表，但是找不到。I hope you will soon find your lost ring.希望你尽快找到丢失的戒指。另外，find还有“发现”；“感到”等意思。例如：I found a wallet in the desk.我在课桌里发现了一个钱包。I find this book very interesting.我觉得这本书很有意思。12. in front of /in the front ofIn front of 表示在某物的前面，不在某物的范围内。In the front of 表示在某物的前部，在某物的范围内。试比较：My seat is in front of Marys.我的座位在玛丽座位的前面。He is sitting in the front of the car with the driver.他和司机坐在小车的前部。【考点扫描】1. be going to的用法；2. 形容词的比较级、最高级；3. 形容词和副词的比较4. 一般过去时5. 本单元学过的词汇、短语和句型；6. 本单元学过的日常交际用语。【中考范例】1. (2004年烟台市中考试题) In the exam, the _ you are, the _ mistakes youll make. A. carefully, little B. more carefully, fewest C. more careful, fewer D. more careful, less【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是形容词和副词的比较以及他们的比较等级的用法。第一个空应填形容词careful的比较级，因为它在句中作表语，第二个空应填few的比较级，因为它修饰的是复数可数名词。2. (2004年河北省中考试题) Bob never does his homework _ Mary. He makes lots of mistakes. A. so careful B. as carefully as C. carefully D. as careful as【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是形容词和副词的用法比较。该空应填副词，因为它修饰的是动词does。该题用的是not as+副词+as的结构，所以答案应是B。3. (2004年重庆市中考试题) That day I saw some parents _ at the back of the classroom, _ to the teacher. A. sitting, listened B. sat, listened C. sitting, listening D. sat, listening【解析】答案：C。该题考查的是see sb. doing sth.的句型结构和分词作状语的用法。第一个空stting在句中作saw的宾语补足语，第二个空listening做伴随状语。4. (2004年杭州市中考试题) You _ open the door before the train gets into the station. A. dont have to B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是几个情态动词否定式的用法区别。dont have to和neednt的意思都是“不必”，may not的意思是“可以不”，只有mustnt表示“不许”，“禁止”。