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金太阳新课标资源网 第四部分 阅读表达 阅读表达是山东省高考自主命题在2007年的创新题型。该题型重在考查考生的实际语言技能和综合语言运用能力，并侧重于对后者的考查，尤其是对运用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力的考查。 一、阅读表达的特点： 1.阅读表达考查学生对书面材料的阅读理解能力和书面表达能力，即获取、收集、提炼、加工语言材料的能力。以阅读材料作为问题的载体，考查的最终目标是表达能力，为“写”的考查拓宽了渠道。这种题型是新课程标准下的高考命题形式的一大突破。 2.题目的设计对学生的阅读理解能力的考查加大了广度和深度。问题形式向多样化发展，考查学生的个性发展和思维的多样性和开放性。既要理解文章的总体意思，又要把握文章的细节，还要进行英译汉的句子翻译，同时也考查学生对长难句的分析理解能力。学生必须全面深刻的理解文章才能正确作答。 二、阅读表达的总体要求： 共5个小题；每小题3分，共l5分；参考时间：15分钟。要求学生阅读所给的一篇短文，并根据文章后的题目进行简答。近四年的阅读表达题型如下： 2010年阅读表达 76.What is the main idea of the text？(no more than S words) 77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 8 words) 79.What information can parents probably get about their children at family dinner? (no more than 12 words) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. 2009 年阅读表达 76. What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1 ？(within 8 words) 77. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (within 5 words) 79. List three effects of smiling on health according to the text. (within 8 words) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese. 2008年阅读表达 76. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (Please answer within 8 words) 77. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 3? (Please answer within 8 words) 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (Please answer within 6 words) 79. Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? 80. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese. 2007 阅读表达 76. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? 77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. ( within10 words ) 78. What advice is given in the last paragraph? ( within 10 words) 79. For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph 1 ? (within 10words)80. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese 三、题目考查的主要类型： 1概括文章大意、标题或指出作者的写作意图(评分要求：依据与文章整体内容的相关程度酌情给分) 问题的主要形式为：What is the best title of the passage?What is the writers purpose of writing the passage? What is the general/main idea of the passage? 答题技巧 (1)要出现关键词才能得分。 (2)不要过于标新立异，但要简洁明了。 (3)要全面涵盖文章内容，分清主旨和细节，把握部分和整体的关系，不要以偏盖全。 (4)题目不能太大、太笼统。 (5)要注意主旨句。 (6)文章标题的形式：完整的句子；简洁的单词、短语。 (7)对于标题中字母的大小写、格式等一般不做严格的要求。通常采用以下几种方式： 标题的第一个单词的首字母大写：How to deal with stress实词的第一个字母大写：How to Deal with Stress 所有字母都大写：HOW TO DEAL WITH STRESS 2补全文章中空缺的部分(评分要求：要求给出的答案能保持与上下文的连贯性，而且与参考答案的意思相近) 要求：(1)要很好地保持与上下文的连贯性。 (2)语法要正确。 答题技巧： (1)整体理解，上下推敲，注意上下文的逻辑性，特别是文中表示并列、转折、对比、因果、递进等关系的关联词的使用。 (2)分析语法，用适当单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空。(3)把握作者的思路，简练表达，不能偏离主题，更不能断章取义。 (4)要放回原文中进行检查，确保其准确性。 例如：78Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words(within 5 words)So maybe we can make the world a better place by(2009年山东卷78) 参考答案：Saying hello to each other/greeting each other/saying hello 3根据语境翻译句子(评分要求：要求在准确全面的基础上翻译成较为通顺的汉语，并表达出作者的思路) 要求： (1)翻译时既要忠实于原文，又要符合汉语的习惯。 (2)翻译不可太拘泥。拘泥、刻板的翻译因死守原文语言形式而损害了原文的思想内容。好的译文应该是形式与内容的统一。 (3)能够直译尽量不意译。 (4)翻译的过程应该是先理解后表达，也就是说要通过适当的翻译技巧用规范的汉语表达出来。 答题技巧： (1)直译意译互动。在安排好了句子结构基础上，直译意译相结合，其效果更佳。 Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the features that make one face different from another.译文：即使是最老道的作家也很可能不能描述出不同面孔的区别所在。(2)注意词义的精选和引申。 In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy and the very poor.此句中“land”根据上、下文可译为“国家”。(3)适当地增词或减词。 While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in eachgroup made the wrong choice two or more times.译文：尽管两组表现得比我们预料的要好，但是每组几乎一半参加者作出了两次或两次以上的错误选择。(4)坚持长句短说的表达方法。 Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, bio-chemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive(认知的)areas such as attention and memory. 译文：研究人员己证实，当人们在动脑筋时，头脑里会产生生化变化。这种变化可以使头脑在一些认知领域(如注意力、记忆力领域等)里更加有效地进行活动。(5)善于分析句子结构。 做好英译汉的重要步骤之一就是要会分析句子结构。把主、谓、宾、状、定、补一一分析出来，就会明白句意，然后针对各成分，采用不同的译法。 例如：Whatever the reason，my urban hellos were answered far less often than my rural ones(2009年山东卷80) 参考答案：不管出于什么原因，我在城里打招呼得到的回应比在乡村少得多。 4同义语句替换(评分要求：要准确找出与之相符的句子) 要求： (1)一定要通过上下文，整体理解，分析所给句子的结构、含义、实际用意，并在文中找出 同义的句子。 (2)不能增加或减少(不完整或多余都不行)，不可断章取义，必须准确无误。 例如:Which sentence in the text is the closest in meaning to the following one? Teachers and students got friendlier so that the students became more active in learning and scored higher in tests. (2009年山东卷77)参考答案： School went from impersonal to personal, and that resulted in more class participation and better grades.5开放性回答问题(评分要求：首先要回答问题即可得1分，能对回答的问题进行合理的解释即可得2分) 开放性的问题主观性强，回答原因很重要。要依据短文，结合个人的观点、经验，进行有针对性的回答，要注意扬长避短。6封闭性回答问题 答案是固定的和唯一的，可以在文章中找到明确的依据，包括常见的Whquestions如: What does the author say about the adults according to Paragraph 1 ？(2009年 山东卷76)参考答案：Adults are not willing to say hello.注意：做阅读表达的整个过程中务必注重卷面的规范性和答题字数的限制。实战练习阅读下面短文，根据短文内容回答下列小题。(每篇5小题；每小题3分，满分l5分)1 Learning to save money when youre young is an important lesson. All good lessons and habits begin early, and saving is a skill that everyone needs. Many peopleadults included do not have a good sense of saving for the long run. I have been lucky to learn this lesson early because I have had a grass-cutting business since I was 10 years old. Of the money I make I spend about 10 percent and save the other 90. Make sure you save and dont spend too much, which is a good way to build up wealth. I have put my earnings in a bank. Many teens I know spend all the money they earn so it never has a chance to grow. Young people should realize that their teenage years are a great time to begin saving. At high school many parents pay for almost everything, so your expenses can be small. If you have a lot, you should have fun with some of the money. But you should also save some so that it will grow. Then you can begin planning for your future. When you spend money, you not only lose that money, but also lose the interest you could have earned by saving it. After high school, college is expensive and then real life begins, with expenses such as food and rent. If you can hold on to a good percentage of the money you earn as a teen, going to college and buying a house will be much easier. ，the more time the money has to grow. If you are in your thirties without any savings, you will always have to struggle. The earlier you begin saving, the easier it is to create a nest egg. Later in life it can be hard to start saving because general costs of living are more expensive and you may only have enough to pay your bills. If you want to buy a house and have a family, you need money to start with, which comes from saving. Many people say money cannot make you happy, and this is true. But money can help you to lead a secure life. Saving early will mean you will have to work for fewer years when you are older. It will also allow you to spend time doing the things that you want to do In addition to this, it will mean you can live the way you want to without worrying.76. Whats the best tide of the passage? 77. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one? As long as you save early, youll do less work to live well at your old age. 78. Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (within 10 words) 79. According to the passage, what do you think of saving? (within 30 words) 80. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese ？ 2 During your lifetime, the person youll spend most time with is you! But do you really understand yourself? When you are going upwards in life you tend to overestimate yourself. It seems that everything you seek for is within your reach; luck and opportunities will come your way and you are overjoyed that you think they constitute part of your worth. When you are going downhill you tend to underestimate yourself, mistaking difficulties for your own incompetence. To get a thorough understanding of yourself is to gain a correct view of yourself -be aware of both your strengths and weaknesses. You may look forward hopefully to the future but be sure not to expect to6 much, for not all ideals can be fully realized. To get a thorough understanding of yourself is to know when to do yourself a favor. In time of sadness, do yourself a favor by sharing it with your friends so as to change a gloomy mood into a cheerful one; do yourself a favor by getting a good sleep or taking a tonic. If you fall ill, its up to you to take good care of yourself. To get a thorough understanding of yourself is to get full control of yourself. Having done so, you will find your life full of color and flavor.76. Whats the best tide of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.) 77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?Understanding yourself fully is having a right attitude towards yourself, that is, knowing not only your advantages but your disadvantages as well. 78. Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) 79. What do you think is the best way to get a thorough understanding of yourself? (Please answer within 30 words.) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese. 3 People visit other countries for many reasons. Some travel on business; others travel to visit interesting places that are only found in other countries, such as the Taj Mahal in India, or the temples of Thailand. Wherever you go, and for whatever reason, it is important to be safe. A tourist can attract a lot of attention from local people. While the majority of people you will meet when traveling are sure to be friendly and welcoming, there are dangerstheft being the most common. Just as in your home country, do not expect everyone you meet to be friendly and helpful. It is important to prepare for your trip in advance, and to take precautions while you are traveling. As you prepare for your trip, make sure you have the right paperwork. You dont want to get to your destination only to find you have the wrong visa, or worse, that your passport is about to expire. Also, make sure you travel with proper medical insurance, so that if during your travels, you will be able to get treatment. If you want to drive while you are abroad, make sure you have an international drivers license. Buy a guidebook and read about the local customs of the country you are going to. Also, try to learn a few basic words and phrases dont assume that the local people will speak your language. When you get to your destination, use official transport. Always go to bus and taxi stands; dont accept rides from strangers who offer you a lift. If there is no meter in the taxi, agree on a price before you get in. If you prefer to stay in cheap hotels while traveling, make sure you can lock the door of your room from the inside. If you are traveling with valuables such as jewelry, or a lot of cash, you should ask about a safe for storing them in. Finally, remember to smile. Smiling is the friendliest and most sincere form of communication, and is sure to be understood in any part of the world! 76. Try to give the passage a proper title. (within 10 words) 77. Please fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence. (within 10 words) 78. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?Even at you local place, you shouldnt be upset if someone couldnt offer help when needed. 79. Whats the main idea of the last paragraph? (within 15 words) 80. Please translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 4Open Your Eyes And Lets See Who You Are Inventors have developed a new way to identify people, using a machine that scans their eyeballs. Developed by eyes scan, this new technology takes advantage of the fact that the iris (虹膜) of each persons eye is unique, and remains unchanged throughout a lifetime. The process will replace called retina (视网膜) identification, which compared the pattern of veins (静脉) in the back of the eye. Used to control access to nuclear weapons, retina identification has never caught on with the public because it requires the user to put their eyeball right up against a lens. Iris scanning, on the other hand, works from a distance. The iris of the eye is photographed from up to one meter away. The patterns of the iris are translated into digital code, and stored in a PC database, along with personal information. Glasses and contact lenses do not interfere with the scanning process, and it takes only a brief moment. The new technology will be useful for banking and police work, as well as for the Internet economy. Before long, your computer monitor may be equipped with an iris scanner that can identify you when you shop online, thus preventing cheat. There will be no ID cards to carry in your pocket, and no long numbers to memorize. And eyes will be very difficult to counterfeit. Did you lose your ID card? No, you didnt. Its still right up there beside your nose.76. What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.) 77. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? A new way has been improved to identify people, using a machine that scans their eyeballs. 78. Please fill in the blank in the third paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.) 79. What do you think of the eyeball ID? (Please answer within 30 words.) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. 5 1 With the average number of children in a British family falling beneath an average of two, the population of the UK has been falling for quite a few years. This trend is quite worrying for the British economy. 2 Why arent the British having as many children as they used to? Well, there are a range of reasons. One of them is that British people are now having their children at a much older age than previously. Most young people today want a well-paid job, so they have to go to university. After years of study at university, hey need a few years of work experience to get a job they want. They might then get married, but its incredibly expensive to buy a house in the UK. That explains why British young people now dont move out of their parents home until they are around 30 years old. It is not until that age that they can afford to have their home, get married and start thinking about having a child. 3 So a British person manages to get a job, get a home and get married. Why isnt he or she having at least two children on average? The main reason is that it is relatively expensive to bring up a child in the UK. Both parents need to work just to pay for their home and living expenses, they then need to pay someone to during the day. Paying for this child care is always expensive. 4 The recent financial crisis is making things even harder for families, since unemployment is rising and even fewer people can afford to have children.76. What is the text mainly bout? (within 10 words) 77. Which sentence in the text can be replaced by the following one?British young people dont have enough money for houses, marriage and raising a child until they are almost in their thirties. 78. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with proper words or expressions. (within 8 words) 79. What do you think the text will probably talk about next? (within 15 words) 80. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. 6 By 2012, England is forecast to have two million overweight children. Apart from diet, the only thing that will save these children from their fatty disaster is , But schools and the Olympicsdont promote a love of exercise. They develop a love of winning, and that is not the same thing. My own unhappy sporting memories started early. By the time I was 15 I was only sent running as a punishment and allowed to play tennis with one girl, who was seriously short- sighted. If you werent naturally talented at sports, there was no suggestion that it should be fun, let alone beneficial. It took me until I was
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