语法专题14 形容词和副词(Ivan Fang)

1、形容词和副词的基本用法；2、形容词和副词的位置；3、形容词和副词的级别；4、常见形容词和副词的用法比较。1、形容词的词义、形容词的词义 - Im very _ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious. - Mm, it does have a _ smell. (2002北京) A. pleasant, pleasedB. pleased, pleased C. pleasant, pleasantD. pleased, pleasantD D Their cheerful voice showed that they were having a _ discussion. (1997上海) A. noisyB. seriousC. complete D. friendly If it is quite _ to you, I will visit you next Tuesday. （05天津卷） A. convenient B. fair C. easy D. comfortable D DA A2、后置定语问题、后置定语问题All the people _ at the party were his supporters. (02北京) A. presentB. thankfulC. interested D. importantA Af. 下列情况也要后置： a. some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词的修饰语要后 置如： something new; nothing serious; anything interesting b. else 修饰不定代词和疑问代词时，要后置。如： Nobody else is so silly as you are. c. 不定式短语，动名词短语，分词短语，介词短语做定 语要后置。如： Do you still remember the afternoon in the first year at college when the professor gave us a chemistry lesson? d. 以 a- 开头的形容词做定语要后置如：alike, alive, alone, asleep, afraid, awake 如： He is the only man awake at that time.巩固练习：巩固练习：1. I cant get a good picture on my TV set. There must be something _ with it. A. badB. matterC. the matterD. the wrong2. _ to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills. A. Brave enough students B. Enough brave students C. Students brave enough D. Students enough brave3. There is _ to hold the water. A. nothing big enoughB. nothing enough big C. big enough nothingD. enough big nothingC CC CA A3、以、以-ly 结尾的形容词结尾的形容词问题问题5：What he said sounds _. (1993上海)A.nicelyB. pleasantly C. friendlyD. wonderfullyC C John Smith, a successful businessman, has a car. （04辽宁） Alarge German white Blarge white German Cwhite large German DGerman large white B B This _ girl is Linds cousin. (05北京卷) A. pretty little SpanishB. Spanish little pretty C. Spanish pretty littleD. little pretty Spanish One day they crossed the _bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old由“限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) -性质-名词”的公式可知，描绘词 + 大小 + 出处的顺序，最符合答案。根据排列顺序： 大小、形状大小、形状 + +年龄年龄+ +颜色颜色+ +来源来源+ +质地质地+ +用途用途+ +名词名词可选择AA AA A 1). worth - worthy - worthwhile 2) alike - like -likely 3) dead - deadly - deathly 4) historic - historical 5) live - lively - alive - living 6) possible - probable- likely 7) valueless -priceless 8) respectable (可敬的、高尚的) - respectful (表示敬意的) A respectable man is respectful to others. 9) healthy (健康的) - healthful (有益于健康的) The air at seaside is healthful to us. So all of us are healthy.巩固练习：巩固练习：1. The World Cup in France was the biggest _ football match in the world. A. aliveB. liveC. livelyD. living2. Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the way boys and girls respond (反应) to the _ situation. A. likelyB. sameC. alikeD. similar3. Its _ to rain but not _ before evening. A. possible probableB. probable possible C. possibly probablyD. probably possiblyB BD DA A_, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. （04上海春季） A. Strangely enough B. Enough strangely C. Strange enough D. Enough strange Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (1995 N) A. such, such B. such, so C. so, so D. so, suchA AB B副词 enough 要放在形容词和副词的后面，形容词 enough 放在名词前后都可。A: 基本句型：such + (a) + adj. + n. ; so + adj. + a + n.B: such 后可加各种名词，而so后面只能加单数名词；C: so 可加 many, much, few, little 等，而such不能。 We dont care if a hunting dog smells _, but we really dont want him to smell _. (1995上海) A. well, well B. bad, badC. well, badly D. badly, bad Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. （03全国卷） Amuch too heavyBtoo much heavy Cheavy too muchDtoo heavy muchC CA Asmell 有双重词性，作“闻起来”解是系动词，后接形容词作表语；作“嗅”解是形为动词，后接副词。该题的干扰项是B，“smells bad” 表示闻起来很臭，不可能同时放入两个空格。much too 是副词，用来修饰形容词或副词；too much 是名词或形容词，可单独使用或修饰名词。 John is very lazy. He falls _ behind in his studies. (05(广东卷) A. very B. far C. more D. still Must I turn off the gas after cooking ? Of course . You can never be careful with that . (05江西卷) Aenough Btoo Cso Dvery B BB B副词的修饰关系是现今高考的热点之一，复习中应予以足够的重视。“far behind ”表示“远远地掉在后面”。“can never be too ”是一种固定的表达方式，意为“越就越好” It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother.( 2002北京) A. closeB. closelyC. closed D. closingWe decided not to climb the mountains because it was raining _. (1996 N) A. badlyB. hardlyC. strongly D. heavilyA AD Dclose to 离近，此处 close 是副词；closely 表示“密切地”，与题意无关。表示 “雨下得大”可用 rain hard; rain heavily等，不用 badly 或 strongly。表示“刮大风”可用 strong wind。hardly 是否定词，与句意无关。注意下面兼有两种形式的副词注意下面兼有两种形式的副词 1) close 与与 closely close意思是“近”； closely 意思是“仔细地” He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely.2) late 与与 lately late意思是“晚”； lately 意思是“最近” You have come too late. What have you been doing lately?3) deep 与与 deeplydeep意思是“深”，表示时间和空间深度；deeply时常 表示感情上的深度，深深地 He pushed the stick deep into the mud. He often works deep into the night. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high 与与 highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion.5) wide 与与 widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多 地方” He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world.6) free 与与 freely free的意思是免费；freely 的意思是无限制地 You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. You may speak freely; say what you like. 另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别另外注意下列各组副词的用法区别 1) just - just now 2) rather - fairly 3) yet - still - already 4) hard - hardly - rarely - scarcely 5) such a + adj. + n. - so + adj. + a + n. 6) most - mostly - almost 7) especially - specially 8) every day - everyday 9) sometime - sometimes -some time巩固练习：巩固练习：1. Its always difficult being in a foreign country, _ if you dont speak the language. A. Extremely B. naturally C. basically D. especially2. Would you be _ do me a favor? A. kind enough B. so kind as to C. so kind toD. kind as to3. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen from abroad to have a tour _ the next month. A. some timeB. sometime C. some timesD. sometimes4. It is _ that his English is _ perfect. A. sure veryB. right rather C. exact fairlyD. certain quiteD DB BB BD D 1、as as 结构结构 John is the tallest boy in the class, _ according to himself. （05安徽卷） (B) A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as What a table! Ive never seen such a thing before. It is _ it is long. （05湖北卷） Ahalf not as wide asBwide not as half as Cnot half as wide asDas wide as not half B BC Cas tall as “高达”, five foot eight = five feet eight inchesas wide as 是比较，所以倍数词应放在前面。说明：说明：1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。 as +形容词+ a +单数名词 as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的 前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ the + n + of 倍数+ as + adj. + as This bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine. 5) 数量词 + senior / junior + to He is seven years senior to his wife. I am three years junior to my elder sister.、 more than 结构结构Is your headache getting _? No, its worse. （05全国卷3） AbetterBbadClessDwell Mr. Smith owns _ collection of coins than anyone else I have ever met. （05山东卷） A. largerB. a largerC. the largerD. a large The number of people present at the concert was _ than expected. There were many tickets left. （04福建） Amuch smallerBmuch more Cmuch largerDmany moreA AB BA A The dictionary gave me a better offer than _. (1999 上海) A. that of DicksB. DicksC. he gave DickD. those of Dick Youre standing too near the camera. Can you move _? (2000 上海) A. a bit farB. a little farther C. a bit of fartherD. a little far In that case, there is nothing you can do _ than wait. (2001 北京春季) A. moreB. otherC. betterD. anyC CB BB B1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is cleverer than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。 The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）程度词 a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even 等词可修饰比较级。除 外，还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。以 上词 (除by far) 外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前 面。而 by far 一般置于比较级之后和最高级之前。、of the two 结构结构 Of the two shirts, Id like to choose _ one. (94 上海) A. the less expensiveB. the most expensive C. less expensiveD. most expensive If the manager had to choose between the two, he would say John was _ choice. (95 上海) A. goodB. the bestC. betterD. the better说明：说明：在 of the two 结构中，比较级前要加 the，但如果不在 of the two 结构中，要注意冠词的使用。后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有冠词。 比较：Which is larger, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. A AD D4、the + 最高级最高级 + 比较范围比较范围 David has won the first prize in singing; he is still very excited now and feels_ desire to go to bed. (05江苏卷江苏卷) A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least Greenland, _ island in the world, covers over two million square kilometers. (2000 上海上海) A. it is the largestB. that is the largest C. is the largestD. the largestD DD D1)形容词最高级前必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。 The shortest boy runs fastest in the 100-meter race. 形容词 most 前面没有 the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem. = It is a very important problem.注意：注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。 (错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers. (对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 注意：注意：a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。 This is the very best. This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。 Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other student in his class.4) “否定词语 + 比较级”，“否定词语 + so as” 结构表示最 高级含义。 Nothing is so easy as this.= Nothing is easier than this.= This is the easiest thing. 5、和、和more有关的词组有关的词组 1) the more the more越就越 The harder you work，the greater progress youll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more than 与一样(不)，不比多 The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less than与一样 He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.