1991年考研英语真题及解析

1991年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section Use of EnglishDirections: For each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labelled A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)When television first began to expand, very few of the people who had become famous as radio commentators were able to be equally effective on television. Some of the difficulties they experienced when they were trying to _1_ themselves to the new medium were technical. When working _2_ radio, for example, they had become _3_ to seeing on behalf of the listener. This _4_ of seeing for others means that the commentator has to be very good at talking. _5_ all, he has to be able to _6_ a continuous sequence of visual images which _7_ meaning to the sounds which the listener hears. In the _8_ of television, however, the commentator sees everything with the viewer. His role, therefore, is _9_ different. He is there to make _10_ that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him _11_ on particular things, and to _12_ the images on the television screen. _13_ his radio colleague, he must know the _14_ of silence and how to use it at those moments _15_ the pictures speak for themselves.1.A turn B adapt C alter D modify解析本题考核知识点：动词的搭配本题空格处的动词须能够搭配成“oneself to + 名词”的形式，选项中只有B可以。Adapt oneself to意为to gradually change ones behavior and attitudes so that one get used to a new situation and can deal with it successfully“(使)适应，（使）适合（新情况）”。代入adapt之后，空格所在句大意为：他们（收音机评论员）努力去适应（电视机）这种新媒体的时候，遇到了一些技术方面的困难。B符合文义。A turn to sb/sth意为ask help from“求助于”，如：I tried to stand on my own rather than turned to my parents.我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。CAlter意为cause to change; make different; cause a transformation 改变，如：He altered one of the rooms into a bedroom. 他把一间屋子改建成了卧室。D Modify 意为to make small changes to sth in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective “（略微地）修改，更改，改进”，如：Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 而且，人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境，从而让所有其它形态的生命服从于人类自己独特的观念和想象。2. A on B at C with D behind解析本题考核知识点：介词辨析AOn可意为by means of sth, using sth通过，使用，借助于，如：on TV/the internet在电视/互联网上。代入文中，on radio指收音机评论员通过收音机工作，作状语修饰work., 既符合文义，又能构成搭配。Bat、C with、 D behind构不成搭配。3. A experienced 有经验的 B determined 有决心的C established 已经确立的，获确认的 D accustomed 习惯于解析本题考核知识点：固定搭配四个选项中，只有accustomed 可以形成 be /become accustomed to doing sth的形式。如, My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the dark.我的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。而且，空格所在句大意为“在广播电台工作时，评论员已经习惯了代表公众看实况”，Daccustomed 既符合内容要求又符合语法结构的要求。Experienced 后面介词一般用in. 如，He is very experienced in looking after animals. 他对于照看动物很有经验。Determined后面跟动词不定式。如，I am determined to succeed.我决心要获得成功。Established“已确立的，已获确认的”，一般放在名词前做定语，如they are an established company with good reputation.他们是一家地位稳固，信誉良好的公司。4. A efficiency B technology C art D performance解析 本题考核知识点：上下文语义+ 名词意思辨析。本句和下一句共同说明，评论员代替听众观看是一门技巧、本事。即，评论员必须擅长表达，同时还必须能够通过语言在观众脑海中生成一系列的图像。art意为“技艺，技巧，本领”，符合文义。所以，D为正确选项。Technology多指工业技术。 Efficiency指“效率”。Performance“演出，表现”。这三个词都和原文的意思不符。5. A Of B For CAbove D In解析本题考核知识点：固定用法。四个选项中，B、C、D都可以和all 搭配，但意义不同。above all意为“above and beyond all other consideration首先，尤其是”，如：What a child should do, above all, is to do well in his studies.小孩子该做的最重要的事是学好功课。for all意为 “尽管，虽然”，如：He never stopped trying for all his failures. 尽管失败, 但他从没放弃努力。In all 意为 “总共，总计”，如：He visited, in all, ten hospitals in China. 他在中国共参观了10家医院。空格处填入的短语应体现空格所在句子与上文之间的逻辑关系。由于本句空格较多，可以先做完第6和7题，再回来做5题。上文提到，代替听众观看要求评论员必须擅长表达。本句指出，评论员必须能够通过语言在观众脑海中生成一系列的图像。根据含义选择C。从泛泛的“擅长表达”到具体的“通过语言在观众脑海里生成一系列图像”。6. A inspire 激起，鼓舞，激励 B create 产生，生成C cause 引起，导致 D perceive 注意到，领悟到解析 本题考核知识点：动词词义辨析。空格处填入动词，其主语是he（the commentator），宾语是visual images，所在句子的大意为：评论员必须能够一系列连续的图片。Ainspire 意为to make sb have a particular feeling or react in a particular way“使（某人）产生（某种感情或反应）；激起”，如：Gandhis quiet dignity inspired respect even among his enemies.甘地沉静威严的气质使他的敌人都肃然起敬。Bcreate意为“bring into existence造成，形成，生成”，如，This decision creates a dangerous precedent. 这个决定开创了一个危险的先例。Ccause意为 “make sth happen引起，导致”，如：deaths caused by dangerous driving危险驾驶造成的死亡。Dperceive意为“to notice something that is difficult to notice察觉，注意到，发觉”，如：I perceived a change in his behaviour. 我发觉他的行为有些变化。或“to understand or think of something in a particular way（以某种方式）理解，领悟”。如，People now perceive that green issues are important to our future.人们现在认识到环境问题对我们未来的重要性。宾语“视觉图像”不是“感情或反应”，排除inspire；主语和宾语之间不存在因果关系，排除cause；评论员通过语言让听众产生图像，而不是自己发现，排除perceive；只有Bcreate符合文义，表示“评论员在观众脑海中生成一系列的图像”。7. A add 添加 B apply 应用 C affect 影响 Dreflect反映解析本题考核知识点：动词和介词的搭配Addto“给添加”是固定搭配。如，A new wing was added to the building。这栋大楼新添了一座配楼。而且，空格所在句大意为：（评论员的描绘所生成的图像）为听众听到的声音增添了意思”。Aadd填入空格处既结构合理，又符合文义。其他三项都不能接sth to sth的结构，Bapply直接加to，意为“适用于”如，The questions on this part of the form only apply to married men.表格中这部分问题只适用于已婚男士。Caffect意为“影响”，直接加宾语，如：The climate affected his health气候影响了他的健康。Dreflect 意为“反射，反映”，直接加宾语，如：The low value of the dollar reflects growing concern about the US economy.美元币值低反映出人们对美国经济的忧虑日益增加。8. A occasion B event C fact D case解析本题考核知识点：固定结构上文是关于收音机评论员的工作，从这句开始，话锋一转，提到电视评论员的工作方式。 In the case of 意为“至于，就来说”，表示由一种情况或话题转入另一种情况或话题。符合文义。所以，D为正确选项。Aoccasion 指“（发生特殊事情）的情况”，与 on 连用。如，on the occasion of her 50th birthday 在她50岁生日之际。Bevent 意为“事件”，常用搭配为in the event of ,意为“假如发生”。如，In the event of rain, the party will be held indoors加入下雨，晚会就在室内举行。CFact 指“事实，已经发生的事”，词组in fact意为“实际上”，没有冠词，也不与of 连用。 9. A equally 同样的 B completely 完全的C initially起始地 D hardly几乎不解析本题考核知识点：副词词义辨析。本句是对电视节评论员和收音机评论员工作性质的对比。从上下文来看，特别是前句的however表明，这两种工作是完全不同的，因而completely 为正确选项。Equally 意为“同样的”，equally different 用于说明两个对比组之间的差异大小相同，Different species of trees thrive in equally different habitats.不同种类的树在同样不同的栖息地很好地生长。而本文中只存在一组对比（电视节评论员和收音机评论员）。Initially different意为 “开始时不同”，暗含后来相同的可能。Hardly意为“几乎不”，同文中意思相反。10. A definite 确定的 B possible可能的 C sure确实的 D clear 清楚的，明白的解析 本题考核知识点：形容词词义辨析及搭配。空格所在句子提到，电视评论员的作用是：确保观众不错过某些有趣之处，make sure that是习惯用法，意为“确保”如，Make sure that you put down every word she says. 确保记下她说的每一个字。 所以，C 为正确选项。Adefinite不用在make definite that结构中。Bpossible，C clear和make只能形成make it possible/clear that 的形式，如，His diligence made it possible that he could win the game.他的勤奋使得他比赛获胜成为可能。She makes it clear to us that she wants to be master in her own house.她使我们很清楚地了解到，她要自主处理自己的事情。11. A focus 集中，聚集 B attend 参加，注意，照料C follow 跟随，遵循 D insist 坚持解析本题考核知识点：动词和介词的搭配。空格处填入的动词应与on 搭配。focus on 意为“将注意力集中于”，如，I cant focus on my work when Im tired. 我累了就无法集中精力工作。空格所在句大意为：电视评论员的作用是帮助观众将注意力集中在某些内容上。focus on切合题意。A为正确选项。BAttend需要与to 连用，意为“留意，专心于”。如，She didnt attend to what I was saying. 她没有注意我所说的话。C Follow on 意为“继续下去”，但后面不能接宾语，如：He followed on after. 他在后面跟着。DInsist on意为“坚持”，如：I insist on your taking/insist that you take immediate action to put this right. 我坚决要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。该选项与文义不符。12. A exhibit 展示，陈列 B demonstrate 演示，说明C expose 暴露，揭示 D interpret解释解析本题考核知识点：动词词义辨析。本题空格处填入动词，其宾语是the images，主语是上文he，因此该部分的含义是：电视评论员电视屏幕上的图像，所以，D interpret最符合文义，表示“解释电视屏幕上的图像”。13. A Like像 B Unlike不像，和.不同C As作为 D For为了 解析本题考核知识点：介词的用法+上下文的理解。先做14题再来解答13题。空格所在句大意为，收音机评论员，电视评论员必须知道沉默的价值。根据常识及上文可知，收音机评论员绝大部分时间都在说。因此二者截然不同，B unlike为最合适选项。14. A purpose 目的B goal 目标 C value 价值D intention 意图 解析本题考核知识点：名词词义辨析。空格所在部分指出，电视评论员他们必须知道沉默的；下文给出了线索：即在电视图像一目了然的时候如何利用沉默。所以，Cvalue最符合文义。15. A if B when C which D as解析本题考核知识点：连词、关系代词、关系副词的运用。从选项来看，空格处填入连词，和后面的部分构成状语从句。根据句意，这里应该是一个时间状语从句，即：电视评论员必须知道在电视图像一目了然的时候如何保持沉默。when是引导时间状语从句的常用连词，符合上下文意。as也可以引导时间状语从句，但它指while sth else is happening，一般用于指一个动作伴随着另一个动作发生，如：He sat watching her as she got ready.他一直坐着看她准备停当。因此本题最佳答案为Bwhen。which是关系代词，在从句中做主语或宾语，而此处的宾语从句不缺主语或宾语，所以显然不合适。if 引导条件状语从句。全文翻译电视刚刚普及时，那些已经成名的收音机评论员，鲜有能够在电视上同样出色的。当他们努力去适应这种新媒体的时候，他们遇到的一些困难是技术方面的。比如，通过收音机进行播音时，他们早已习惯于代表观众去看。这种替别人看实况的技能意味着评论员必须擅长“说”。最重要的是，他必须能够通过语言在观众脑海里生成一系列图像。这些图像使听众听到的声音具有更多的意义。然而，电视评论员和观众一起观看（图像），因此，他的作用迥然不同。他要确保观众不错过有趣的地方，并帮助观众将注意力放在某些值得注意的地方，还要解释电视屏幕上的图像。和收音机评论员不同的是，他必须知道沉默的作用，知道在电视图像一目了然的时候如何保持沉默。Section Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question four answers are given.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET.(30 points)Passage 1A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people. Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization togetherhonesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, no society. My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment. Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are not done! ”Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.文章总体结构分析本文从一名警察的角度分析了美国社会中犯罪活动猖獗的原因。指出：将犯罪行为归咎于外部环境因素是犯罪活动猖獗的主要原因，从而提出，更多的人应该认识到，真正该为犯罪行为负责的是罪犯自己。第一到四段为第一部分：指出责任感对社会的重要性。第五到九段为第二部分：指出现在大城市中正在忽略的自律恰恰是抑制犯罪的最有效方法。而人们为将犯罪行为归结于社会环境等外部因素恰恰是助长了罪犯拒绝承担责任的现象，从而导致了犯罪活动的猖獗。第十段为第三部分：作者指出：更多的人应该认识到该为犯罪行为负责的是罪犯自己。16. What the wise man said suggests that_.16. 智者的话表明_。A its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evilA 面对邪恶，好人什么都不必做B its certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about itB 若好人无动于衷，邪恶就会猖獗C its only natural for virtue to defeat evilC 善自然会战胜恶D its desirable for good men to keep away from evilD 好人应该远离邪恶分析本题考核知识点：根据文章内容理解句子。本文以一句智者的话“邪恶的胜利就是善良之人无所作为”引入主题。从下文来看，作者主要论述的内容是：人们对罪犯不应该再采取纵容的态度，为他们的犯罪行为寻找借口，而应该认识到真正对犯罪行为负责的应该是罪犯本人。B和文中内容一致，为正确选项。A、D与智者的话意思相反。C文中未提到。17. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,_.17. 作者认为，若有人被发现有罪，则_.A society is to be held responsibleA 社会应该对此负责B modern civilization is responsible for itB 现代文明应该对此负责C the criminal himself should bear the blameC 罪犯本人应该为此负责D the standards of living should be improvedD 生活水平应该提高分析 本题考核知识点：因果细节题。解本题的信息主要在本文最后三段（第八到十段）；第八段对过去和现在人们看待犯罪的态度进行了比较。第九段作者对现在将犯罪行为归结于外部因素的观点提出质疑；最后一段中作者指出，罪犯本人应该对自己的犯罪行为负责。所以C为正确选项。A、B、D都是外部原因归结论，是作者所批判的观点。第八、九段指出，把犯罪行为归因于父母、社会、生活水平的态度恰恰导致了犯罪活动的猖獗。18. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have_.18. 和小城镇相比，大城市的人_。A less self-disciplineA 缺少自我约束B better sense of disciplineB 有更好的自律精神C more mutual respectC 更互相尊重D less effective governmentD 缺少一个有效的政府分析 本题考核内容：事实细节题。第六、七段对比了大城市和小城市人们的自我约束性，指出，生活在小城镇（smaller towns）还在强调纪律（schools maintain discipline，parents hold up standard），而大城市里自我约束力非常松散（inner restraints are loosening）。所以，A符合原文内容。 B和原文内容相反。C、D本文未提及。19. The writer is sorry to have noticed that_.19.作者感到遗憾是因为看到_。A people in large cities tend to excuse criminalsA大城市的人常常为罪犯找借口B people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standardsB小城镇的人坚守老的纪律和标准C todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficultyC现代社会缺少对于困境中的人的同情D people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activitiesD环境不好的人会进行犯罪活动分析本题考核知识点：细节理解推理题。第八段指出：导致犯罪活动猖獗的原因（The main cause of this break-down）是人们对罪犯态度的改变。三十年前，社会被认为是犯罪活动的受害者，而三十年后的今天，罪犯反倒被认为是受害者：教育环境不好，家庭环境不利于成长等。这说明，令作者感到遗憾的是人们为罪犯找借口的态度。A为正确选项。第六段介绍小镇的人对纪律和标准的坚持是作者所赞赏的，排除B。C在本文中未提及。D和作者的观点相反：第八、九段的内容说明，作者不认为成长环境恶劣是走向犯罪的理由。20. The key point of the passage is that_.20. 文章主要说明_。A stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and familiesA 学校和家庭中应该保持更严格的纪律B more good examples should be set for people to followB 应该为人们树立更多学习榜样C more restrictions should be imposed on peoples behaviorC 对人们的行为应该加以更多控制D more people should accept the value of accountabilityD 更多人应该接受“责任感”这一价值观分析本题考核知识点：文章主旨题。文章第二段指出，责任感在人们价值观念中的淡化是非常错误的（Something has gone terribly wron）。第三、四段给出责任感的定义并指出，没有责任感也就没有社会的存在。第五段作者以警察的身份指出自我约束的重要行。第六、七段比较了人们对犯罪的态度的变化。第八段指出：人们将犯罪归咎于外部因素的态度导致人们责任感的降低，从而导致犯罪活动的猖獗。最后两段中指出，不让罪犯为自己的犯罪行为负责会导致所有的人都拒绝承担责任。更多的人应该相信：该为犯罪活动承担责任的是罪犯本人。综合作者观点，可以得出，本文旨在说明，更多的人应该接受责任感。因此D正确。 A虽然在第六段中提及，但不是文章的主要观点。C和原文内容不符：第五段指出，作者认为对控制人们行为真正有效的是内部约束力，而不是来自于外界的控制。B文中未提及。全文翻译一位智者曾说过，邪恶的胜利就是善良之人无所作为。所以，所为一名警察，我有一些话急需告诉善良的人们。日复一日，我和我的同事尽力控制犯罪的蔓延。我们曾经引以为荣的美国生活方式出现了可怕的问题。这个问题处在我们的价值观方面。一个关键的成分正在消失，我想，我知道它是什么责任感。责任感不难定义。它指的是人人要对其行为负责，并承担其行为造成的后果。责任感可能是形成文明的众多观价值观 (善良，仁慈等)中最重要的一个。没有它，就没有尊重、信任、法律最终也就没有社会的存在。作为一名警察，我的工作就是把责任感强行加到那些拒绝承担、或自己没有学会承担责任的人身上。但正如每一位警察都知道的，对人行为的外部控制远不如自我约束（如罪恶感，羞耻心和难为情）有效。幸运的是，在一些区域通常是小城镇里，学校还维护纪律，父母还坚持原则，称“有些事情在我们家是不能容忍的你们绝不能去那样做！”但在越来越多的地方，尤其是大城市和郊区，这些自我约束力日渐松懈。抢劫犯不再是你认为的抢劫犯。他认为你的财产就是他的财产；他拿走他想要的一切，当你触怒他时，他甚至会拿走你的生命。人们态度的根本变化造成了局面的完全崩溃。30年前，若有罪行发生，人们认为受害者是社会。现在，人们的态度发生了惊人的变化：最犯被认为是受害者童年饱受贫困折磨，学校没有教他读书，教堂没有给他以道德上的引导，父母没有给他提供一个安定的家。我不相信这些。同样不利的环境中长大的另外一些人为什么没有选择去犯罪？不让罪犯承担责任，甚至降低他们应承的责任，都会让我们的社会变成一个满是借口的社会，没有人愿意为任何事情承担责任。美国急待更多的人相信：应该为犯罪行为负责的人是罪犯自己。Passage 2The period of adolescence, i. e., the period between childhood and adulthood, may be long or short, depending on social expectations and on societys definition as to what constitutes maturity and adulthood. In primitive societies adolescence is frequently a relatively short period of time, while in industrial societies with patterns of prolonged education coupled with laws against child labor, the period of adolescence is much longer and may include most of the second decade of ones life. Furthermore, the length of the adolescent period and the definition of adulthood status may change in a given society as social and economic conditions change. Examples of this type of change are the disappearance of the frontier in the latter part of the nineteenth century in the United States, and more universally, the industrialization of an agricultural society.In modern society, ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significance and there no longer is agreement as to what constitutes initiation ceremonies. Social ones have been replaced by a sequence of steps that lead to increased recognition and social status. For example, grade school graduation, high school graduation and college graduation constitute such a sequence, and while each step implies certain behavioral changes and social recognition, the significance of each depends on the socio-economic status and the educational ambition of the individual. Ceremonies for adolescence have also been replaced by legal definitions of status roles, right, privileges and responsibilities. It is during the nine years from the twelfth birthday to the twenty-first that the protective and restrictive aspects of childhood and minor status are removed and adult privileges and responsibilities are granted. The twelve-year-old is no longer considered a child and has to pay full fare for train, airplane, theater and movie tickets. Basically, the individual at this age loses childhood privileges without gaining significant adult rights. At the age of sixteen the adolescent is granted certain adult rights which increase his social status by providing him with more freedom and choices. He now can obtain a drivers license; he can leave public schools; and he can work without the restrictions of child labor laws. At the age of eighteen the law provides adult responsibilities as well as rights; the young man can now be a soldier, but he also can marry without parental permission. At the age of twenty-one the individual obtains his full legal rights as an adult. He now can vote, he can buy liquor, he can enter into financial contracts, and he is entitled to run for public office. No additional basic rights are acquired as a function of age after majority status has been attained. None of these legal provisions determine at what point adulthood has been reached but they do point to the prolonged period of adolescence.文章总体结构分析本文分析了工业社会青春期变长的现象及其原因第一段：介绍青春期延长的现象。第二段：详细介绍了青春期不同阶段带来的变化。21. The period of adolescence is much longer in industrial societies because_.21. 工业社会中的青春期变长许多的原因是_。A the definition of maturity has changedA 成熟的定义发生了改变B the industrialized society is more developedB 工业化社会更加发达。C more education is provided and laws against child labor are madeC 人们所受的教育增多以及反童工法的制定D ceremonies for adolescence have lost their formal recognition and symbolic significanceD 青春期的各种仪式已不再得到正式承认，且失去了其象征意义。分析本题考核知识点：因果细节题。根据题干直接定位到第一段第二句while部分，它指出，（相对原始社会），工业社会中青春期变长有两方面的原因：教育期的延长和反童工法的制定。所以，正确选项为C。A的干扰来自于第一段第一句。它提到，“青春期的长短取决于不同社会对成熟和成年的定义”。接着第二句就比较了原始社会和工业化社会。从这两句其实我们可以推出这两种社会对成熟的定义必定不同。但第二句已经明确指出了具体原因，因此C为最佳答案。B文中未提。D是工业社会中关于青春期变化的现象，而非青春期变长的原因。22. Former social ceremonies that used to mark adolescence have given place to_.22. 先前用于标志青春期的社会仪式已经被_所取代。A graduations from schools and collegesA 从各类学校毕业B social recognitionB 社会认可C socio-economic statusC 社会经济地位D certain behavioral changesD 某些行为变化分析本题考核知识点：文中事实细节题。第二段第二句指出：青春期的社会仪式（social ones）已经被一系列阶段（a sequence of steps）所取代。第三句说明了“一系列阶段”的具体所指各阶段学习的毕业。所以，A为正确选项。B、C、D的错误在于：social recognition、certain behavioral change 和socio-economic status本身都不是青春期仪式的替代品，而只是和其替代品紧密相连的因素。第三句提到，行为变化和社会认可度是伴随“阶段”而存在的，而一个人的社会经济地位会影响各阶段对他的重要性。23. No one can expect to fully enjoy the adulthood privileges until he is_. 23. 若要享受完全的成年人特权，必须达到_。A eleven years oldA 11岁B sixteen years old B 16岁C twenty-one years oldC 21岁D between twelve and twenty-one years oldD12到21岁之间。分析本题考核知识点：事实细节题。第二段后面部分从It is during the nine years到倒数第二句列举了青春期各阶段的权利。其中，第十句（at the age of twe