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人教版英语精品资料（精修版）Section_Learning_about_Language.高频单词点击1author(n.)作家；作者2sacrifice (v.& n)牺牲；献身；祭品sacrificial (adj.)牺牲的；献祭的3allergic (adj.)过敏的allergy (n.)过敏症4sneeze_ (n.& vi.)喷嚏；打喷嚏5armchair (n.)扶手椅；(单座)沙发6confirm (vt.)确定；证实confirmation(n.)确实；确证confirmed (adj.)被确定的；已被证实的7rewind (vt.)重绕；倒回8cash (n.& v)现金；兑现9cheque (n.)支票10signature (n.)签名；署名；信号sign (v.)签名11terminal (n.)终点站；航空集散站12vacant (adj.)空的；空缺的13dusty (adj.)满是灰尘的；积满灰尘的dust (n.)灰尘.重点短语必记1make a name出名2involve sb. in 让某人参与.常用句型必备Although_married with two children，Shakespeare left StratfordonAvon at the age of about 30 and went to London alone.单元语法聚焦The Adverbial(状语)1sacrifice(1)n.牺牲(品)；亏本出售；祭品；供奉at a sacrifice亏本出售at/by the sacrifice of 以为代价make sacrifices 做出牺牲Parents often make sacrifices for their children.父母常常为子女做出种种牺牲。The store is selling its goods at a sacrifice.商店里在亏本出售货物。(2)v.牺牲；奉献；把作祭品sacrifice sth. to do sth.牺牲(放弃)去做某事The student sacrificed his life to save a boy.这个学生为了救一个男孩牺牲了自己的生命。即境活用1完成句子(1)他以失去健康的代价换取了成功。He succeeded at_the_sacrifice_of his health.(2)在地震中那位伟大的母亲为了救孩子而牺牲了自己的生命。The great mother sacrificed_her_life_to_save her child in the earthquake.(3)总统号召人民为国家利益做出牺牲。The president called on his people to make_sacrifices_for the good of their country.2confirm vt.确定；证实；证明；批准This latest information confirms me in the belief that he is to blame.这则最新的消息使我坚信他该受到责备。I am confirmed in my opinions by what you told me.你所告诉我的话，使我的看法更为坚定了。The agency confirmed the contract.经销处批准了合同。即境活用2 用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The announcement confirmed (confirm) that the election would take place on June 20th.(2)I made a call to the airline to_confirm (confirm) my flight order a week before I left for Shanghai.3vacant adj.(职务、工作)空的；空缺的；空闲的；(神情等)茫然的；(心灵)空虚的Are there any rooms vacant in this hotel?这家旅馆有空房吗？He wants to apply for a vacant position in an office.他想申请一个办公室空缺的职务。It was a vacant film for vacant minds.这是一部给没有头脑的人看的无聊影片。blank, hollow, empty, vacant(1)blank“空白的”，常指没有字迹的(without print，writing or other marks)。(2)hollow“中空的；虚假的；无价值的”(having an empty space inside，not solid；not real，empty of real meaning)。(3)empty指没有物或人在其中(have nothing or nobody inside)。(4)vacant指位置无人占用(not being used or lived in)。即境活用3 用empty，vacant，hollow，blank填空(1)The tree trunk was hollow inside.(2)The house has been standing empty for a long time.(3)A lot of people applied for the post which became vacant the other day.(4)Sign your name in the blank space below.make a name出名He made a name by writing.他因为写作而出名。She had a sweet voice, and with the help of her friends, she made a name for herself as a singer in the end.她有着甜美的嗓音，在她的朋友的帮助下，她最终作为一名歌手扬名。(1)by/under the name of 以为名字；名叫in the name of 以的名义；凭的名义(2)name after 以命名He named his daughter after his grandmother.他以祖母的名字为他女儿取名。即境活用4完成句子(1)There is no man by/under_the_name_of_Tom (名叫汤姆的)(2)The lake was named_after (以命名) the hero.Although married with two children, Shakespeare left StratfordonAvon at the age of about 30 and went to London alone.尽管已结婚并有了两个孩子，莎士比亚大约在30岁时离开埃文河畔斯特拉特福，只身来到伦敦。although (though)引导让步状语从句，在这里是一个省略句，完整的句子是：although he was married with two children，句子意思是“尽管他已经结婚并有两个孩子”。在时间、条件、方式(比较)或让步等的状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，且从句的谓语部分又含有be动词，这时常常把从句的主语及be动词一起省略。其结构如下：(1)连词v.ing/v.ed/to do(2)连词adj./adv./介词短语When (she was) walking along the river, she met the stranger.沿着河岸散步时，她碰到了那位陌生人。He wont come unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请，否则他不会来。The news will change all our plan, if (it is) true.如果是真的话，这消息会使我们的计划全部改变。Though (he was) abroad, he loved his motherland very much.尽管在国外，他非常热爱自己的祖国。即境活用5 用省略结构改写句子(1)Whether he is invited or not, he will go to the wedding.Whether invited or not, he will go to the wedding.(2)The English exam was much more difficult than it was expected.The_English_exam_was_much_more_difficult_than_expected. 状语一、状语的定义用来修饰动词、形容词、副词等及其短语、从句或句子的成分被称为状语。二、状语的分类1修饰性状语修饰谓语或谓语动词，根据其意义内容可分为时间状语、地点状语、方式状语、程度状语、目的状语、原因状语、结果状语、条件状语、让步状语、伴随状语等。I called on her yesterday.我昨天拜访了她。(时间状语)He has just left.他刚离开。(时间状语)I met her on_the_street.我在街上遇见了她。(地点状语)He left without_saying_goodbye.他不辞而别。(方式状语)They treat us kindly.他们对待我们很友好。(方式状语)I dont quite understand.我不完全理解。(程度状语)2评注性状语评注性状语是对全句进行说明或解释，表示说话人对话语的看法或态度。Personally,_I think he is a good teacher.在我个人看来，我觉得他是个好老师。Happily,_he was not injured.幸运的是，他没受伤。To_our_regret,_he knew nothing about it.令我们遗憾的是，他对此一无所知。He may be late.Worse_still,_he may not come at all.他或许会迟到。更糟的是，他或许根本就不来。3连接性状语连接性状语在句子间起连接作用。It wont work; for_a_start,_its a bad idea, and secondly,_itll cost too much.它是行不通的：首先，这个主意不好；其次，花费太大。(表列举，顺序)Its a little bit too large for me; besides,_I dont like the color.对我来说有点大；此外，我不喜欢这颜色。(表意义增补)Give him a chance; otherwise,_you will regret it.给他个机会，否则你会后悔的。(表转折)It rained heavily last night; consequently,_the land was flooded.昨晚雨下得很大，结果那地方被淹了。(表因果)三、担任状语的成分1名词作状语用来表示时间、距离、长度、高度等的名词可以作状语，常放在句末。I met Mr.Brown on the street yesterday.昨天我在大街上遇到了布朗先生。We have walked twenty_miles.我们已经走了二十英里了。2形容词作状语用来表示伴随或主语的状态。He lay in bed awake.他醒着躺在床上。The child went home four days later, cold_and_hungry.四天后那孩子又冷又饿地回到家。3副词(短语)作状语用来修饰形容词、副词、动词或全句。修饰全句时，一般放在句首由逗号与句子隔开；修饰形容词、副词时一般放在他们的前面(enough除外)；修饰动词时，通常放在句末，也可放在句首，但某些频度副词，如always, seldom, often, never, rarely等常放在动词之前，情态动词、助词或系动词之后。He walks very_slowly.他走得很慢。Luckily,_he passed the driving test for the first time.幸运的是，他第一次就通过了驾驶考试。4介词短语作状语多放在句末或句首，但有时也可放在句中。I havent seen him for_3_years.我已经三年没见他了。At the moment he lives in_Shenzhen.目前他住在深圳。5不定式(短语)作目的或结果状语表目的时，既可放在句首，也可放在谓语动词之后，还可以用in order to或so as to来替代(so as to不能放在句首)；表结果时，常放在谓语动词之后或句尾，表示出乎意料的结果，to前有时可加only或just来修饰。In_order_to_solve_this_problem,_my classmates and I discussed it and came up with a suggestion later reported to the headmaster.为了解决这个问题，我和同学们进行了讨论，想出了一个建议并汇报给了校长。He hurried to the airport, only_to_find_the_plane_had_taken_off.他匆忙地赶到了飞机场，结果发现飞机已经起飞了。6现在分词作状语表示时间、原因、方式、伴随和结果等。句子的主语与现在分词之间是主动(主谓)关系。Not_catching_the_bus,_I had to wait for the next.由于没赶上公共汽车，我只好等下一班。The man died, leaving_her_a_great_fortune.那个男人去世了，留给她一大笔财富。7过去分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件和让步。主语和过去分词之间存在被动关系。Caught_in_the_heavy_rain_last_night,_she fell ill.由于昨天晚上淋了大雨，她病倒了。Faced_with_so_many_new_things_to_learn,_I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.面对这么多要学的新东西，我会感到恐惧，不知道该做什么。8with复合结构和独立主格作状语with复合结构和独立主格常用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随或行为方式等。这两个结构中动词的逻辑主语与其修饰的句子的主语不一致。With_time_going_on,_our country becomes richer and richer.随着时间的推移，我们的国家变得越来越富强。Time_permitting,_I expect to have more spare time to spend with my friends.时间允许的话，我希望有更多的业余时间和朋友一起度过。9状语从句作状语状语从句的类型常见的连接词时间状语从句when, while, as, since, before, after, as soon as, once, until/till, hardly (scarcely) . when, the moment (time, day, week .), no sooner . than等地点状语从句where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere原因状语从句because, since, as, now that (既然)条件状语从句if, unless, as/so long as, as/so far as, on condition that, whether (. or not), once让步状语从句since, now that, though/although, even if/though, however (whatever, whenever .), no matter how (what, when .), while, when结果状语从句so/such that, so/such . that, that目的状语从句so . that, in order that, that, in case方式状语从句as if/though, (just) as比较状语从句as/so . as, not so . as, 比较级 . than, the比较级 .，the比较级As_soon_as_he_entered_the_hall_of_the_Harvard,_all the students present gave him a loud applause.(时间状语从句)他一走进哈佛大学的会议厅，全场响起了热烈的掌声。Corn grows well where_it_is_hot_and_there_is_plenty_of_rain.(地点状语从句)玉米在高温多雨的地方长得好。He was late because_there_was_something_wrong_with_their_plane.(原因状语从句)他来晚了是因为飞机出了故障。So_long_as_we_hold_fast_to_our_ideals_and_never_give_up,_we are bound to achieve success.(条件状语从句)只要我们坚持梦想、永不放弃，我们一定会取得成功。Wherever_you_go,_I will follow you.(让步状语从句)无论你去哪里，我都会跟着你。She speaks English so fast that_I_cant_catch_her.(结果状语从句)她英语说得如此快以至于我听不懂。He carried some bread and bottled water so_that_we_could_eat_and_drink_on_the_road.(目的状语从句)他带了些面包和矿泉水以备我们路上用。He made a face at me as_if_he_had_known_what_I_would_tell_his_mother.(方式状语从句)他冲我做了个鬼脸，好像他已经知道我要告诉他妈妈什么。He runs as fast as_I_do. (比较状语从句)他跑得和我一样快。温馨提示：(1)every time, the moment, the day, the first time, last time等名词短语也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句。The_day_I_went_to_school_for_the_first_time,_I made friends with Tom.我上学的第一天就与汤姆交上了朋友。(2)immediately, directly, instantly也可以用作连词引导时间状语从句，意思上相当于as soon as。He got off his bike immediately_he_saw_his_teacher.他一看见老师就从自行车上下来了。(3)seeing (that), considering (that), now (that)也可以引导原因状语从句。Considering_it_is_raining_hard,_I wont climb the hill.由于雨下得很大，所以我不去爬山了。(4)suppose/supposing (that), providing/provided (that)也可以引导条件状语从句，意思上相当于“if”(如果；假如)。Suppose_it_is_very_hot,_we will go to swim in the lake.如果天非常热，我们就去湖里游泳。.完成句子1Though brought_up (被抚养大) in a big city, Bill always prefers to live a country life.2However_amusing_the_story_is (无论这个故事多么有趣), I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.3Founded (建立于) in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.4Greedy_children (贪吃的孩子) often cannot help eating more and tend to put on too much weight.5Can I help you?Im finding a job. Is there any vacant_post (空缺的职位) in your firm?6Our soldiers always sacrifice_themselves_to (把自己奉献给) our country, especially in_the_face_of (面临) disasters like floods and earthquakes.7It is difficult for you to make_a_name (出名) in the field of music.8Allow children the space to voice their opinions, even_if/though_they_are_different_from_your_own (即使他们的意见与你的意见不一样).完形填空“Hi, Mom, happy fiftieth birthday！” I heard my son, Brian, say as _1_ as if he were sitting next to me. _2_ he wasnt.Brian was on the USS Kitty Hawk on maneuvers (大规模演习) _3_ between our US.shore and the Persian Gulf.My partyloving friend, Denise, had _4_ me out for a quiet fiftieth birthday celebration dinner. When we _5_ at the restaurant, I scanned (扫视) the sea of _6_， but didnt recognize anybody.A wave of _7_ washed over me, and tears welled in my eyes when _8_ I heard Brian in my head. “Hi, Mom, happy fiftieth birthday.” “Whats wrong？” Denise asked when she saw me dabbing (轻轻擦) at my _9_.“I think Ive had too much wine. I keep _10_ Brian wish me a happy birthday，” I said. She gave me a(n) _11_ smile. “Our table is ready，” she said, leading me toward the stairs.Id hardly sat down in the chair of honor when a _12_ entered the room, carrying a sheet of cake. The firefighter _13_ the cake on the table in front of me so I could _14_ the fifty blazing candles. Once again I heard Brian speak, “Mom, be sure to _15_ me a piece of cake.” This time he _16_ very far away, but it seemed that he was just in front of me. I _17_ in my chair. Was I losing my mind?“Ill have some _18_ as soon as I get this helmet (头盔) _19_，” the firefighter said. Every drop of blood in my veins flowed to my feet. He _20_ his uniform and quickly pulled the helmet from his head.“Brian！”“Hi Mom. Happy fiftieth birthday！”1A.hardlyBimpossiblyCclearly Dloudly解析：选C由下句“as if he were sitting next to me”，可知作者听得很清楚。2A.So BThenCAnd DBut解析：选Dbut表转折，但是他没坐在我旁边。3A.somewhere BanywhereCeverywhere Dnowhere解析：选A在美国和波斯海湾之间的某个地方。4A.sent BsupportedCprovided Dinvited解析：选Dinvite sb.out“请某人出去吃饭”。5A.got BreachedCarrived Dcame解析：选Carrive at到达饭馆。6A.smiles BvoicesCfaces Ddishes解析：选C由下句的“I didnt recognize anybody”可知此处看到许多人的面孔。7A.happiness BsadnessCanger Ddisappointment解析：选B由下文掉眼泪可知难过。8A.at present Bno moreCat once Donce again解析：选Donce again“又一次”。9A.eyes BnoseCears Dfingers解析：选A擦眼泪当然是在眼睛上了。10A.seeing BsayingClistening Dhearing解析：选D由上文两次听到。可知此处用hearing。11A.relaxing BexcitingCunderstanding Dsurprising解析：选Can understanding smile“理解地笑了笑”。12A.fireman BfirewomanCwaiter Dwaitress解析：选A由下文的firefighter可知。13A.pulled BsetCpushed Dkept解析：选Bset“放置”。此处指把蛋糕放在桌子上。14A.light up Badd upCtake away Dblow out解析：选D正好在我面前，吹灭(blow out)。15A.save BbuyCmake Dbring解析：选Asave本意是“省下”，此处指“留下”。16A.shouted BsoundedClaughed Dcried解析：选Bsound“听上去”，指儿子说话的声音听起来很遥远。17A.calmed BturnedCfroze Dthought解析：选Cfreeze“僵住了”。18A.rest BcakeCpaper Dbread解析：选B儿子给母亲庆祝生日，当然吃蛋糕了。19A.off BawayCdown Don解析：选Aget sth.off“脱掉，摘掉”。20A.carried away Bpacked upCput on Dtook off解析：选Dtake off his uniform“脱去他的军装”。.阅读理解Some people like modern art, while others say that is rubbish.But a cleaner who works in the Tate Gallery in London isnt able to tell the difference.The woman, whose name isnt known, mistook a work of art by the German painter Gustav Metzger for a bag of rubbish, and threw it out with other bags. The plastic bag, which contained pieces of paper and cardboard, was later recovered outside the gallery, but the artist thought that it was too damaged to be put on show again. 78yearold Mr. Metzger explained that the exhibit, which he said was a copy of a similar work he had created in 1960, was meant to show that all art is temporary and “finite (有限的)”Embarrassed officials at the museum said that they had had to call a meeting with cleaners to explain which things should not be touched. They would not say whether Mr. Metzger would be paid any compensation for the incident. However, to make absolutely sure the same thing would not happen again, they decided to cover Mr. Metzgers work every evening with a coloured cloth. In this way the cleaners arriving after the gallery had been closed to the general public would realize they should not touch it.This is not the first time that museum cleaners have had trouble distinguishing exhibits from rubbish. In 2001, in another London gallery, a cleaner threw away a work by the wellknown British artist Damien Hirst. It was an arrangement of empty beer bottles, coffee cups, and overflowing ashtrays, which were meant to indicate the chaos in the life of an artist.However, cleaners dont always throw things away sometimes they clean them! This was the case with a dirty bath, which was on show in a gallery in Germany. Without asking what the bath was doing in the gallery, the cleaners simply scrubbed it clean.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。而有些人喜欢现代艺术，有些人不喜欢。本文介绍了在美术馆工作的清洁工错误地将现代艺术作品当成垃圾扔掉或误认为是很脏而擦干净的事。1The officials of the museum covered Mr. Metzgers work so that _.Athe visitors couldnt get close in the eveningBthey could get recovered soonCthe cleaners wouldnt make the same mistakeDthey would return to normal解析：选C细节理解题。根据第二段中的“However, to make absolutely sure the same thing would not happen again, they decided to cover . with a coloured cloth.”可知，他们这样做的目的是避免清洁工再次犯同样的错误，即C项正确。2Which of the following is NOT true?APeople have different opinions on modern art.BMr. Metzger would be paid much compensation.CA work of Damien Hirst was thrown away by a cleaner in 2001.DSome modern work is about the chaos of an artists life.解析：选B细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句可知A项表述正确；根据第二段的第二句可知B项表述错误；根据第三段的第二句和最后一句可知C、D两项表述正确。故选B项。3The last paragraph is written to show that _.Acleaners often make exhibits as clean as possibleBcleaners cant always differ exhibits from rubbishCexhibits are usually difficult to cleanDexhibits are not always so beautiful解析：选B推理判断题。最后一段通过讲述清洁工误把现代艺术作品当成脏东西而擦掉的事来说明清洁工并不总是能分清现代艺术作品与垃圾，即B项正确。4Whats the best title of the passage?ACleaners mistake modern art for rubbishBModern art shouldnt be cleanedCWhat makes a great work of artDCleaners dont always throw things away解析：选A标题归纳题。文章开头的前两句话点明了主题，然后全文都是围绕清洁工误把现代艺术作品当成垃圾展开叙述的，即A项正确。
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